Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 668-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-369-lst369-pkt-668-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-369 - construction at Bethlehem Steel Co. Quincy, sponsor, commissioning, European-theater operations, UK transfer, return, strike, sale (live NHHC page verified 200 with browser UA; returns 404 to non-browser fetchers) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-369 entry, full text (single-paragraph entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (verbatim): 'LST-369 was laid down on 13 October 1942 at Quincy, Mass., by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 24 November 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Claude L. Turner; and commissioned on 8 January 1943.' Assigned to the European theater; operations: 'Sicilian occupation-July 1943; Salerno landings-September 1943; Invasion of Normandy-June 1944.' 'LST-369 was transferred to the United Kingdom on 29 November 1944 and returned to United States Navy custody on 29 November 1946. She was struck from the Navy list on 1 August 1947. On 7 October 1947, she was sold to the Tung Hwa Trading Co., Singapore. LST-369 earned three battle stars for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Fore River/Bethlehem construction trades (1942-43); USN crew (1943-44); RN crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. DANFS does not give the transfer location, RN details, commissioning CO, or post-sale fate - those come from other rows. NHHC serves this URL to browsers but returns 404 to bare curl; live-rendered copy verified 2026-10-02.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, HM LST-369 ex USS LST-369 (10/16/160369) - build timeline, commissioning CO, campaign dates, Royal Navy history block, commanding officers, spec block, disposal [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160369.htm - history block, RN history block, spec block, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: LST-1 class; laid down 13 October 1942 at Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy, MA; launched 24 November 1942; commissioned USS LST-369, 8 January 1943, LT. John P. O'Riorden USNR in command. Campaign dates: Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Salerno landings 9-21 September 1943; Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944. Decommissioned and transferred to the Royal Navy 29 November 1944; commissioned into the RN as HM LST-369 the same day at Rosneath; 'Sailed to India in 1945'; paid off (location unknown) 15 February 1946; returned to US Naval custody 29 November 1946; struck from the Naval Register 1 August 1947; final disposition - sold 7 October 1947 to Tung Hwa Trading Co., Singapore; three battle stars. Commanding officers: LT. O'Riorden (8 Jan 1943 - Dec 1943); LTjg. William T. Baldridge USN (Dec 1943 - 29 Nov 1944). Spec block: 1,625 t (lt) / 4,080 t (fl); 328' o.a.; 50' beam; 11.6 kts trial; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; 2 x GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, Falk main reduction gears, 2 shafts, 1,700 shp; armament (ultimate design) 2 twin 40mm + 4 single 40mm + 12 x 20mm.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Fore River construction trades (1942-43); USN crew (1943-44); RN crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation tracking DANFS/NVR conventions - milestone values verified here against the live DANFS entry (ev-01), which agrees. The spec block is the class-standard LST-1 block displayed per page, not a hull-specific measurement. RN history block itself states 'No further details known' beyond the India voyage. No asbestos content. Note: a photo set filed on this page is captioned as sister ship LST-368 at Gela, Sicily - not asserted here as this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-02
-
[4]NHHC / National Museum of the U.S. Navy photo catalog, accession 80-G-87403 (NARA-held U.S. Navy photograph) - USS LST-369 at Salerno [museum_official]
- Locator
- NHHC photo catalog page for accession 80-G-87403 (Italian Campaign > Allied Invasion of Mainland Italy)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official U.S. Navy photograph, accession 80-G-87403, captioned by NHHC: 'Operation Avalanche, September 1943. Loaded USS LST-369 headed into the beach at Salerno, Italy, D-Day. Photograph released September 12, 1943. U.S. Navy photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives.' Ship-specific photographic documentation that this hull participated in the Salerno assault landings.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops at the Salerno landings, September 1943
- Limitations
- Vessel-history documentation only - a combat-operations photograph, not a material or exposure record. Confirms physical presence at the Salerno beachhead 9 September 1943 consistent with the DANFS/NavSource campaign listing.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-03
-
[5]U.S. Naval Academy, Special Collections & Archives, MS 415 'World War II Ship Action Reports, 1942-1945' finding aid - LST-369 entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- MS 415 finding aid, Box 13 Folder 100 entry (alphabetical LST sequence)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The USNA finding aid lists a file for this hull: 'U.S.S. LST-369 (Landing Ship - Tank), November 1943 - July 1944. Operation Avalanche (Allied Landings at Salerno) and operations off the west coast of France. Box 13 Folder 100.' The ship's own surviving action reports for the Salerno-to-Normandy window are physically held and identifiable.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (report coverage)
- Population
- Crew (Nov 1943-Jul 1944 report period)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - the finding aid establishes that action reports exist at USNA (Box 13 Folder 100), not their contents; reports are not digitized. Action reports are operational narratives, not material surveys - they would not be expected to contain asbestos content, but they can anchor movements, muster context, and any refit mentions. The coverage window Nov 1943-Jul 1944 includes the Normandy-campaign period; beach assignment (Omaha vs Utah) is not established by the finding aid itself.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-04
-
[6]HyperWar transcription, 'US Navy Landing Ships/Craft, 1940-1945' (official U.S. Navy roster compilation) - LST-369 row [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar ships-ls.html, LST roster table, LST-369 line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official-compilation roster entry for this hull reads 'LST-369 | 1942-45 | Lend-Lease to UK' - corroborating the 1944 Royal Navy transfer under Lend-Lease documented by DANFS.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Limitations
- Roster-level corroboration only; corroborates the UK transfer, adds no detail beyond it. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-05
-
[7]warsailors.com convoy MKS 32 listing, compiled from Arnold Hague convoy research (Don Kindell transcription) - LST 369, Oran to U.K., December 1943 [other_primary]
- Locator
- warsailors.com/convoys/mks32.html, MKS 32 supplementary ship list (Oran to U.K. section)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Convoy MKS 32 (Port Said 22 Nov 1943, Gibraltar 3 Dec 1943; Gibraltar-U.K. leg SL 141/MKS 32, 3-16 Dec 1943) lists 'LST 369' on the passage Oran to U.K. - documenting this hull's Mediterranean-to-U.K. redeployment between the Salerno and Normandy campaigns, consistent with the campaign record.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- Crew, December 1943 transit
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary source: the warsailors.com convoy database transcribes Arnold Hague's research via Don Kindell - it is not an official archive, and convoy-list transcriptions can err. Carried for movement corroboration only; the fact is also consistent with the USNA action-report coverage window (ev-04). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: DANFS/NavSource build record (Bethlehem Steel Co., Fore River yard, Quincy MA, Oct 1942-Jan 1943); NavSource spec block (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, no boilers); LST-1 class profile (diesel amphibious, mass-production 1942-45); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-use era (see ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS entry; NavSource spec block; class-f lst-1-class profile (background only); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered tank landing ship built 1942-43 at Bethlehem's Fore River yard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Because the plant is diesel - no boilers, no steam mains - the dominant steam-plant lagging pathway does not apply; era-standard asbestos applications aboard a 1942 diesel amphibious concentrated in engine-room and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, deck coverings, accommodation insulation, and electrical insulation. LSTs were built to emergency mass-production specifications during the federal asbestos-in-shipbuilding era.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Fore River/Bethlehem construction trades (1942-43); USN crew (1943-44); RN crew (1944-46); 1947 purchaser personnel
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, or work package located for LST-369. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (published Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented Navy-wide asbestos use aboard ships: the 1975 Navy policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for repairs, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard aboard Navy ships through and beyond this hull's entire 1942-1947 career.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (review); policy era covers this hull's 1942-47 service
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to bare curl from this network; product-page Highlights verified live via Firecrawl render 2026-10-02; full-text PDF linked but not extracted this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-08
-
[10]NARA, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' - official research guide to ship asbestos documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA guided-topic page 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961', RG 19 correspondence sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's official asbestos-research guide identifies the record series that could hold ship-specific asbestos documentation for a WWII hull: RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) general/confidential/secret correspondence 1940-1961 filed by Navy Filing Manual hull designation - this hull's file code would be 'LST-369', with class-level fallback under the LST-1 class heading and yard-level files under the QM private-contractor code for the builder; plus deck logs (RG 24). The guide frames ship asbestos documentation as requiring layered archival research rather than a single index.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026 (guide); records 1940-1961
- Limitations
- Research-pathway documentation, not evidence about this hull: the guide demonstrates where a ship-specific record would live but does not itself establish that any such record exists for LST-369. None of these series are digitized for online verification; all are physical-archive leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-09
-
[11]Batch-6908 search ledger (this record): live DANFS/NHHC (vessel page + photo catalog 80-G-87403); NavSource 10/16/160369; USNA MS 415 finding aid; HyperWar USN landing-ship roster; warsailors convoy MKS-32; NARA asbestos research guide; CourtListener authenticated API (opinions + dockets); NVR; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-369-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS LST-369 / HM LST-369 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returned a verified negative this session - opinion index 'LST-369' 0 results, '"LST 369" asbestos' 0 results, docket index '"USS LST-369" OR "LST 369"' 0 results (HTTP 200 authenticated, 2026-10-02). Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing listicles asserting asbestos aboard without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull predates disclosure-era documentation entirely and was sold abroad in 1947. Undigitized leads (USNA action reports, RG 19 correspondence, RG 24 deck logs) remain open. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-369-10