Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet 675-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-460-lst460-pkt-675-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-460 (Naval History and Heritage Command; published 3 Aug 2015) - construction, first CO, operations list, loss, striking, awards [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-460 service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 26 September 1942 at Vancouver, Wash., by Kaiser, Inc.; launched 31 October 1942; commissioned 15 February 1943, Lt. Everett E. Weire in command. Asiatic-Pacific theater operations: consolidation of southern Solomons June 1943; Vella-Lavella occupation August 1943; Treasury Island landing November 1943; Hollandia operation April 1944; Morotai landings September 1944; Leyte landings November 1944; Mindoro landing December 1944. 'LST-460 was lost in action due to an enemy aircraft attack on 21 December 1944 off Mindoro, Philippines. She was struck from the Navy list on 19 January 1945.' Earned six battle stars and the Navy Unit Commendation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops (1943-1944)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official history; contains no asbestos or material-content information. The DANFS entry is a short record without a spec block - specifications come from NavSource/BuShips rows. Live page fetched via Firecrawl 2026-10-02; plain curl receives a bot-blocked 404 from history.navy.mil.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-01
-
[3]NHHC, 'Casualties: Navy and Coast Guard Ships' (WWII ship loss list) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC casualties page, LST section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's official WWII casualty list records: 'USS LST-460 sunk by Kamikaze attack off Mindoro, Philippine Islands, 21 December 1944.' The same list records sisterships USS LST-472 and USS LST-738 sunk by kamikaze off Mindoro 15 December 1944, and USS LST-749 sunk by kamikaze off Mindoro 21 December 1944 - the same strike package that hit this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-12-21
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops at time of loss
- Limitations
- Official loss-list entry - confirms cause, place, and date of loss; gives no casualty count and no material content. Fetched via Firecrawl; history.navy.mil bot-blocks plain curl.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-460 (page updated 9 June 2023) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160460.htm header, awards block, campaign table, CO list, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: LST-1 class; laid down 26 September 1942 at Kaiser Inc., Vancouver WA; launched 31 October 1942; commissioned 15 February 1943, Lt. Everett E. Weire USNR in command; assigned LST Flotilla Five / LST Group Thirteen / LST Division Twenty-Five; campaign table (Vella-Lavella, Treasury Island, Hollandia, Morotai, Leyte, and 'Lingayen Gulf landings, 12 to 18 December 1944' - see limitations); 'lost in action during an enemy aircraft attack, 21 December 1944, off Mindoro'; struck 19 January 1945; six battle stars + Navy Unit Commendation + Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive 12 Dec 1944) + Philippines Presidential Unit Citation. Commanding officers: Lt. Everett Emmitt Weire 15 Feb 1943 - 21 Mar 1944; Lt. H. H. Robinson Jr. USNR 21 Mar 1944 - 21 Dec 1944 (KIA). Specifications: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; complement 13 officers + 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers + 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; 2 x GM 12-567A 900-hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, 3 x 100-kW 230-V DC generators, 2 shafts 1,700 shp, twin rudders. Photographs: beached/beaching in the Renard Channel off Rendova, New Georgia, 23 July 1943 (Time-Life / William C. Shrout).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Crew (1943-44); embarked troops; construction trades at Kaiser Vancouver (1942-43)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS/NVR. Page carries two defects: a narrative slip reading 'USS LST-449 was assigned' where LST-460 is meant, and a campaign-table label 'Lingayen Gulf landings' for the December 1944 operation that DANFS records as the Mindoro landing (DANFS carried; see gaps). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-03
-
[5]DANFS, LST-911 (NHHC) - sistership's service narrative corroborating the 21 December 1944 convoy attack and LST-460 survivor evacuation [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-911 narrative, Dec 1944 passage
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official sistership narrative: 'While on a second run from Leyte, LST-911's convoy came under attack off Mindoro by a dozen kamikazes, which damaged her sisterships LST-460 and LST-749 as well as destroyer Foote (DD-511); another suicider crashed freighter Juan de Fuca off Panay.' LST-911 unloaded cargo 22 December, then 'evacuated 47 Army casualties and 13 survivors of LST-460 and transported them to Leyte, anchoring in San Pedro Bay on the 24th.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-12-21 to 1944-12-24
- Population
- LST-460 survivors; LST-911 crew; convoy escorts
- Limitations
- LST-911's own DANFS entry; the LST-460 content is corroborative detail inside a sister's narrative. It says 'damaged' where LST-460's own entry records loss - the sequence (hit, abandoned, lost) is consistent. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-04
-
[6]DANFS, Foote III (DD-511) (NHHC) - escort narrative for the 19-24 December 1944 Mindoro convoy [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Foote-III narrative, December 1944 passage
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official escort narrative: 'Foote put to sea 19 December 1944 to guard a convoy to Mindoro, which was attacked several times by suicide planes. The destroyer splashed at least one of these, as well as rescuing survivors from two LSTs which were hit. Returning to Leyte 24 December...'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-12-19 to 1944-12-24
- Population
- Convoy escorts; LST-460 survivors in the water
- Limitations
- Foote's DANFS entry does not name the two LSTs - the identification as LST-460 and LST-749 rests on the DANFS LST-911 entry and the NHHC casualty list (both verified). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-05
-
[7]Berry D. Willis Jr., CDR USNR (Ret.), 'Witness to a Spectacle,' U.S. Naval Institute, Naval History 22(2), April 2008 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- USNI Naval History Apr 2008 article text (fetched via Firecrawl; usni.org returns 403 to plain curl)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Eyewitness account by an ensign aboard escorting destroyer USS Charles Ausburne (DD-570): the convoy sailed San Pedro Bay, Leyte, 20 December bound for Mindoro; at about 1630-1700 on 21 December a kamikaze 'crashed onto its target - a landing ship, tank, LST-460. Great plumes of orange and black smoke belched forth... The entire vessel seemed enveloped in a mass of fiery death'; a second plane hit LST-749; a third struck the Liberty ship Juan de Fuca a glancing blow; LST-460 'was now listing badly, and it soon became apparent that in a matter of minutes she would need to be abandoned'; men observed jumping into the sea as a destroyer came alongside to rescue.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-12-21 (event); 2008 (publication)
- Population
- LST-460 crew and embarked troops; escort crews witnessing
- Limitations
- First-person memoir published in a reputable journal, not an official action report - details are recollection. Ends before the hull's final disposition; no casualty count; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-06
-
[8]ShipbuildingHistory.com (T. Colton), 'Kaiser Vancouver, Vancouver WA' shipyard construction register [other_primary]
- Locator
- kvancouver.htm table, yard-no. 164 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Yard construction register row: hull no. 164, LST 460, Maritime Commission hull 980; laid 26 September 1942; launched 31 October 1942; delivered/commissioned 15 February 1943; 35 days on ways, 107 days fitting-out, 142 days total; disposition 'Kamikazied and lost off Mindoro 1944.' All milestone dates match DANFS exactly.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1943
- Population
- Kaiser Vancouver construction trades (1942-43)
- Limitations
- Reputable compiled register (Colton), not an official document - build yard/contract identifiers (yard no. 164, MC hull 980) rest on this register alone in the located sources; the dates are corroborated by DANFS. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-07
-
[9]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (January 1945), LST design table and machinery table (shipscribe.com scan of official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table (hull-block rows LST1-490) and machinery table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official BuShips data for hull block LST1-490 (which includes this hull): 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam, 2,366 t beaching / 4,080 t trial displacement, 11.6 kt trial speed; machinery - 2 x G.M. Diesel 12-567A, 1,700 shp, Falk main reduction gear, 3 x 100-kW 230-V DC ship's service generators, diesel-oil capacity 4,320 bbl. The plant is diesel-only - no boilers, no steam system.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945 (publication); 1942-45 (design era)
- Population
- Class-wide: crews and builders of LST1-490 block
- Limitations
- Class-design table, not a hull-specific record - it establishes the type's machinery plant (the basis for the no-steam-lagging inference), not this hull's fitted condition. Scanned official document; text layer extracted locally. NOTE: the URL previously cited by the class profile (shipscribe.com/styles/usnaux/sdb/SDB1945v2.pdf) now 404s - live URL verified 2026-10-02 at /pubs/SDB1945v2.pdf.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 highlights (full report PDF blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and that its 1975 policy was to remove and replace asbestos insulation only when damaged; selective replacement in high-maintenance areas began in 1979 - i.e., the entire service life of this hull (commissioned Feb 1943, sunk Dec 1944) predates any Navy asbestos-management regime by three decades.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1975-1979 (policy period); hull era 1942-44
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation for 1970s-era policy; no hull-specific content. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-02); content via product-page highlights. Fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk - not this hull's builder.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST1-490 design/machinery table (diesel plant, no boilers); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos use through early 1970s); DANFS construction dates (built 1942-43); shipyards.json Kaiser Shipyards record [other_primary]
- Locator
- BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST1-490 rows; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; lst-1-class.class.json class notes
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A tank landing ship built in 1942-43 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. With a diesel-only plant (no boilers, no steam lines), the era-consistent asbestos-relevant applications aboard a hull of this type were: machinery and diesel-exhaust insulation in the engine room, gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, deck coverings, and insulation in accommodation spaces - consistent with the class profile's assessment that LST exposure relevance concentrates in engine-room/exhaust lagging, gaskets, deck coverings, and accommodation insulation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Kaiser Vancouver construction trades (1942-43); crew and embarked troops (1943-44)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package exists or can exist for a hull sunk in action in 1944. Names era-standard applications for the type, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-10
-
[12]Washington State Department of Ecology, Cleanup Site 1831 'Kaiser Shipyard Debris Pile,' Vancouver, Clark County WA (Facility Site ID 15550; status: No Further Action; independent cleanup) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ecology cleanup-site 1831 page, contaminants table (7 contaminants, no asbestos); canonical URL is cleanupsearch/site/1831 (gsp/Sitepage.aspx?csid=1831 redirects)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- A 38.4-acre state cleanup site documents contamination at the former Kaiser Vancouver shipyard's debris area: listed contaminants are metals, PCBs, petroleum products, and solvents. Asbestos is NOT among the site's seven listed contaminants.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2007-recorded cleanup; wartime operations 1941-45
- Population
- Former yard site; surrounding community
- Limitations
- Yard-level environmental record for a debris-disposal site, not the building ways themselves - and its contaminant table does not list asbestos. Establishes the builder yard's regulated cleanup history only; says nothing about shipboard materials aboard this or any hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-11
-
[13]Sgt. George J. Plautz, 'The Sinking of LST 460,' first-person memoir (Battery B, 237th AAA Searchlight Battalion - embarked Army unit), Clark County Veterans / USGenNet [other_primary]
- Locator
- PlautzGeoSr_A.htm, 'The Sinking of LST 460' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Embarked-survivor account: his unit loaded aboard LST-460 for the Mindoro resupply run after the 15 December D-Day; the kamikaze hit about 4:50-5:00 p.m. on 21 December, striking the bridge area and passing down through the mess hall and quarters where officers were at supper; abandon-ship was given by an ensign; survivors were picked up by an LSM about 7 p.m. and transferred to another LST; the hulk was still burning fiercely as they left. Hearsay elements: 'I heard there were over 100 men killed on LST 460' and that escorts sank the hulk by gunfire so it would not serve as a beacon. Battery B lost five men.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-12-21 (event); memoir date not stated
- Population
- Embarked Army troops (Battery B, 237th AAA S/L Bn); LST-460 crew
- Limitations
- Personal memoir hosted on a county veterans' genealogy site - recollection written decades later, not an official record; the casualty figure and scuttling detail are explicitly hearsay within the memoir itself and remain unverified (see gaps). Useful as an archival lead and for corroborating the hit location/time; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-12
-
[14]Batch-6964 search ledger (this record): DANFS LST-460; NHHC WWII casualty list; DANFS LST-911 and Foote-III; NavSource 160460; Kaiser Vancouver yard register; BuShips SDB-1945 v2; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; WA Ecology site 1831; USNI eyewitness; Plautz memoir; CourtListener type=o queries; NVR; NARA [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-460-01 through sl-uss-lst-460-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LST-460 was found in the public sources searched. None can be generated post-loss - the hull was sunk in action 21 December 1944 and never salvaged or scrapped under a modern regime. CourtListener searches returned no qualifying litigation: opinions '"LST-460" asbestos' = 0 hits, '"USS LST-460"' = 0, unqualified 'LST-460' = 126 hits all sampled name collisions (docket numbers, 'lst offense' tokens); RECAP dockets '"LST-460"' = 1 hit, a Sears Holdings bankruptcy invoice-schedule token match - name collision, not qualifying.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the 1942-43 build era is squarely inside documented Navy asbestos-shipbuilding practice. Deck logs, action reports, and loss reports at NARA are undigitized leads; PACER itself was not queried (no qualifying RECAP trail to follow). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-460-13