Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 678-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-477-lst477-pkt-678-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-477 (NHHC ship-history entry) - construction at Kaiser, Inc., Richmond; Pacific campaign list; LST(H)-477 redesignation; strike and disposal dates; battle stars and Navy Unit Commendation [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC DANFS entry body text (live page, verified 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-477 was laid down on 12 August 1942 at Richmond, Calif., by Kaiser, Inc.; launched on 29 October 1942; and commissioned on 19 February 1942, Lt. Josiah K, Adams, USNR, in command.' Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater: Gilbert Islands operation November-December 1943; occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls February 1944; capture and occupation of Guam July 1944; assault and occupation of Iwo Jima February 1945. Redesignated LST(H)-477 on 15 September 1945; occupation duty in the Far East until mid-February 1946; struck from the Navy list 28 August 1947; sold 27 March 1948 to Consolidated Builders, Inc., of Seattle, Wash., and subsequently scrapped. Earned four battle stars and the Navy Unit Commendation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard 4 construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; contains no asbestos or material content. The live page's commission date '19 February 1942' is an internal typo - it predates the stated 29 October 1942 launch; every other source (NavSource, ShipbuildingHistory build table) gives 19 February 1943. See ev-uss-lst-477-09.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST(H)-477 ex USS LST-477 (page 10/16/160477.htm) - designation timeline, flotilla assignment, campaign table, occupation-service periods, awards block, specifications, commanding-officer list, and NHHC/NARA-captioned photographs [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160477.htm header block, awards block, campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officer list, photo captions incl. NHHC photo NH 104211 and NARA identifier 193851475
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 12 August 1942 at Kaiser, Inc., Richmond, CA; launched 29 October 1942; commissioned USS LST-477 on 19 February 1943, LT. Josiah K. Adams Jr., USNR, in command. Assigned LST Flotilla Five / LST Group Thirteen / LST Division Twenty-Five. Campaigns: Gilbert Islands 21 Nov-8 Dec 1943; Kwajalein and Majuro 2-8 Feb 1944; Guam 21-29 Jul 1944; Iwo Jima 20-28 Feb 1945. Occupation service periods: 20 Nov-11 Dec 1945 and 26 Dec 1945-25 Apr 1946. Redesignated LST(H)-477 on 15 September 1945; decommissioned 25 April 1946 and assigned to COMNAVFE SCAJAP as Q091; struck from the Naval Register 28 August 1947; sold for scrapping 27 March 1948 to Consolidated Builders, Inc., Seattle, WA. Awards block: Combat Action Ribbon (21 and 23 Feb 1945), Navy Unit Commendation, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (4), Purple Heart (2 KIA, 7 WIA, 21 and 23 Feb 1945, Iwo Jima). Photo captions record a direct kamikaze hit the morning of 19 February 1945 off Iwo Jima that delayed her landing until 23 February. Specifications: two GM 12-567A diesels 900 hp each, Falk reduction gears, two propellers, 1,700 shp, 11.6 kt; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard 4 construction trades (1942-43); crew and embarked troops (1943-46); SCAJAP-period Japanese crews (1946-47); Consolidated Builders shipbreakers (1948)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - dates track DANFS/NVR but the awards/caption data carry an internal inconsistency (kamikaze hit dated 19 Feb in photo captions vs CAR/PH actions dated 21 and 23 Feb - see gaps). Specifications block is class-typical LST-1 data, not a hull survey. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-02
-
[4]NARA Catalog search "LST-477" - ship-specific file units: USS LST-477 War Diaries (Jun-Oct 1943; NAIDs 135996633, 134300596, 134271971, 78189314, 78154563), press release on war operations (NAID 77530789), file unit 'LST-477, 2/20/43-3/9/46' (NAID 126633443), Form report of AA action east of the Marianas 6/15/44 (NAID 77586316); plus COM LST FLOT 13 Iwo Jima operations report (NAID 633442116) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov search "LST-477", file-unit results 1-9 (NAIDs listed)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds enumerated file units for this hull: monthly war diaries covering June-October 1943; a press release on war operations; a records file spanning her commissioned career 20 February 1943-9 March 1946; a Form report of anti-aircraft action east of the Marianas Islands dated 15 June 1944; and the LST Flotilla 13 report of operations in the occupation of Iwo Jima (20 Feb-29 Mar 1945). These are archival leads - the catalogs establish that ship-specific records exist and where they sit, not what they contain on materials or exposure.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (record coverage)
- Population
- Crew (1943-46, record authors); researchers
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: catalog descriptions establish existence and date range, not contents. None of these file units has been reviewed; they are not demonstrated to contain asbestos, material, or work-package information. Digitization status varies; several appear undigitized.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-03
-
[5]SCAPIN-1162, GHQ Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers memorandum 'Repatriation Ships,' 28 August 1946 (Nagoya University Graduate School of Law, Japanese Home Islands Studies / SCAPIN database) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SCAPIN-1162 memorandum paragraph 2 (Nagoya University SCAPIN database, live page verified 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A GHQ/SCAP directive dated 28 August 1946 names 'United States Landing Ships, Tank Q074, Q076, Q091 and Q094' - Q091 is this hull in her SCAJAP identity - as repatriation ships ordered to sail from Sasebo under U.S. Navy Shipping Control Authority for Japanese Merchant Marine; the ships failed to sail because their Japanese crews struck pending Seamen's Union demands, and the directive ordered the Imperial Japanese Government to man and operate them for the repatriation program. Confirms this hull's post-decommissioning SCAJAP employment with Japanese crews during the occupation repatriation program.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1946
- Population
- Japanese merchant crews aboard Q091 (1946); SCAJAP operating staff
- Limitations
- Ship-specific operating record for the SCAJAP period only; contains no material or asbestos content. Documents crew composition (Japanese merchant crews) in 1946 - relevant to population identification for the Q091 period, not to exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (two GM 12-567A diesels, no boilers); BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 2 LST design table (class file lst-1-class.class.json, ev-lst-1-class-01/-03); DANFS service record (Pacific campaigns, LST(H) conversion); ShipbuildingHistory Kaiser Richmond No. 4 build table [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST design table (class profile); ShipbuildingHistory krichmond table
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An LST-1-class tank landing ship built Aug 1942-Feb 1943 sits inside the wartime asbestos-use era for U.S. naval construction. The diesel plant (no boilers) removes the boiler/turbine steam-lagging pathway; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were engine exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, deck coverings and tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings. Her 1945 LST(H) hospital conversion added interior-rework scope of undocumented location and extent. Built at Kaiser Richmond Yard 4, inside a shipyard complex whose wartime asbestos use is documented at government level for an adjacent parcel (see ev-uss-lst-477-06).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard 4 construction trades (1942-43); crew and embarked troops (1943-46); LST(H) conversion workforce (1945, yard unidentified); Japanese SCAJAP crews (1946-47); Consolidated Builders shipbreakers (1948)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or conversion record located for LST-477. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution, no present-day presence claim (hull scrapped 1948).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-05
-
[7]California EPA DTSC EnviroStor, PORT OF RICHMOND (SHIPYARD #3), global_id 07370030 - state-response site profile documenting shipyard ship-building/repair and ship-decommissioning uses at the Richmond Harbor Channel site [other_primary]
- Locator
- EnviroStor profile_report global_id=07370030, 'Potential Contaminants of Concern' summary (live, verified 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- A live DTSC EnviroStor profile documents that waste piles at the former Kaiser Shipyard #3 site (now the Port of Richmond site at the foot of the Richmond Harbor Channel) 'contained asbestos, lead, copper, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), abandoned drums, and solvent containers,' and that portions of the consolidated Seacliff site were originally part of Shipyard #3. Establishes asbestos contamination documented by the state at one parcel of the four-yard Kaiser Richmond complex where this hull was built (Yard 4).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940-1945 (operations); remediation record current
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond complex wartime workforce (1940-45); remediation/terminal crews (1990s-present)
- Limitations
- Yard-complex context only - the documented parcel is Shipyard #3, NOT Yard 4 where this hull was built; no EnviroStor record specific to the Yard 4 (Wharf Street) parcel was located in this session's search. Environmental-site documentation establishes wartime material handling at the complex, not materials installed aboard any hull. Does not establish ship-specific exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships during the era covering this hull's 1942-43 construction; standing policy from 1975 removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place unless disturbed. Program-era context for a hull built and disposed (1948) before the program existed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); Navy-wide era coverage
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program scope); not hull-specific
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation predating/postdating this hull's service; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description. Hull was scrapped in 1948, decades before the documented 1975-79 policies.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-07
-
[9]Batch-6982 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS live page; NavSource 10/16/160477.htm; ShipbuildingHistory Kaiser Richmond No. 4 and LST part-2 tables; NARA catalog file units; SCAPIN-1162; EnviroStor 07370030; GAO product page; NVR scope check; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-477-01 through sl-uss-lst-477-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or verified litigation naming USS LST-477 / LST(H)-477 / Q091 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated fleet API returned HTTP 429 (shared quota paced out) on every attempt across ~40 minutes; logged as blocked, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no ship-specific asbestos content; only law-firm marketing listicles assert asbestos aboard LSTs generally without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation-repository search is a genuine open gap (throttled, not run). NARA file units (war diaries, 1943-46 records file), Kaiser Richmond work packages, and any Consolidated Builders scrapping-contract records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-08
-
[10]Designation/date cross-check: live DANFS page (commission '19 February 1942' internal typo); NavSource timeline (19 February 1943; decommissioned 25 April 1946); NavalCoverMuseum wiki (commissioned 19 February 1943; 'Decommissioned February 12 1946'); ShipbuildingHistory build table (delivered 19 February 1943) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS entry body; NavSource header/awards blocks and photo captions; NavalCoverMuseum LST(H) 477 page; ShipbuildingHistory krichmond table row for hull 32
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Two unresolved source conflicts for this hull: (1) the live DANFS page states commissioning '19 February 1942' - impossible against the same entry's 29 October 1942 launch; every other source gives 19 February 1943, which is adopted here. (2) Decommissioning: DANFS-aligned NavSource gives 25 April 1946 (same-day assignment to COMNAVFE/SCAJAP); NavalCoverMuseum gives 12 February 1946. The 25 April 1946 date is adopted as the better-sourced value; the variant is logged, not smoothed over. Separately, NavSource photo captions date the Iwo Jima kamikaze hit to the morning of 19 February 1945 while the awards block lists Combat Action Ribbon and Purple Heart actions for 21 and 23 February 1945 - both NavSource-stated, not reconciled.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (dates in conflict)
- Limitations
- Correction/discrepancy documentation only. NavalCoverMuseum is a museum-operated philatelic wiki cited solely as the locus of the variant date, not as an authority for it. No primary inactivation-order or decommissioning-order document was located to resolve the conflict.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-477-09