Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 679-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-484-lst484-pkt-679-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-484 (NHHC) - construction, Pacific operations, occupation duty, decommissioning, disposal, five battle stars (ARCHIVED capture 2023-05-08; live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'LST-484' entry (full entry text)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-484 was laid down on 28 September 1942 at Richmond, Calif., by Kaiser, Inc.; launched on 2 January 1943; and commissioned on 23 April 1943.' Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater; operations listed: Gilbert Islands operation - (a) Occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls February 1944, (b) Occupation of Eniwetok Atoll February and March 1944; Capture and occupation of Saipan June and July 1944; Tinian capture and occupation July 1944; Assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto March through June 1945. 'Following the war, LST-484 performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid-February 1946. Upon her return to the United States, she was decommissioned on 27 July 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 28 August that same year. On 13 December 1947, the ship was sold to Kaiser Co., Inc., Seattle, Wash., and subsequently scrapped. LST-484 earned five battle stars for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 4 construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official history; contains no asbestos or material content. Live NHHC page returns 404 - citation is a 2023-05-08 Wayback capture of the canonical URL, labeled archived per citation policy. DANFS lists Kwajalein/Majuro and Eniwetok under a 'Gilbert Islands operation' heading although those atolls are Marshall Islands operations - a labeling anomaly noted in gaps, not corrected here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-484 (page 160484) - designation, milestone timeline, unit assignments, campaign table, postwar itinerary, CO list, specifications, NARA-captioned photography (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 160484.htm header block, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, postwar itinerary, commanding-officers table, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: laid down 28 September 1942 at Kaiser, Inc., Richmond, CA; launched 2 January 1943; commissioned USS LST-484 23 April 1943, LT. Felton B. Schwenner, USN, in command. WWII assignment: LST Flotilla Thirteen (CAPT. J. G. Sampson), LST Group Thirty-Nine (CDR. B. T. Zelenka), LST Division Seventy-Eight. Campaign table: Gilbert Islands operation 21 Nov-8 Dec 1943; Marshall Islands operation - Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls 2-8 Feb 1944, Eniwetok Atoll 19 Feb-2 Mar 1944; Marianas operation - Saipan 15 Jun-30 Jul 1944; Okinawa Gunto 26 Mar-30 Jun 1945. Occupation service in the Far East 8 Jan-20 Feb 1946. Postwar itinerary: Tinian to Manila 24 Mar 1946; Cavite toward Guam diverted to Guinan, Samar 13 Apr 1946; Samar to Pearl Harbor 23 Apr 1946; Pearl Harbor to Port Hueneme 18 May 1946; Port Hueneme to San Francisco 31 May 1946. Decommissioned 27 July 1946; struck from the Naval Register 28 August 1946; sold for scrapping 13 December 1947 to Kaiser, Inc., Seattle, WA. Specifications: displacement 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full load / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; 24,000 mi at 9 kt; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers / 147 enlisted; two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, two propellers 1,700 shp, three 100 kW diesel-drive ship's service generators; 2 LCVP; ultimate armament 2 twin 40 mm + 4 single 40 mm + 12 single 20 mm.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 4 construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); embarked troops (operations 1943-45)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates agree with DANFS and the ShipbuildingHistory yard table where they overlap. Contains no asbestos content. Its battle-star count (four) conflicts with DANFS (five) - see ev-09 correction row and gaps. Its CO table carries an apparent internal typo (Ringelberg '12 December 1945 - 17 July 1945'; see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-02
-
[4]ShipbuildingHistory (T. Colton), 'Kaiser Richmond' - Kaiser Richmond No. 4 yard description and build table (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ShipbuildingHistory Kaiser Richmond page - 'KAISER RICHMOND No. 4' yard description and build-table row for hull 39
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The builder's yard table lists this hull as Kaiser Richmond No. 4 yard hull no. 39: 'LST 484, type S3-M-K2, MC hull no. 1004, keel laid 28-Sep-42, launched 2-Jan-43, delivered 23-Apr-43, 157 days on ways, 172 days in water, 329 total days, disposition Scrapped 1948.' The yard description states Richmond No. 4 was an emergency yard developed by Kaiser Cargo, Inc., with three ways in the fifth wave of shipbuilding expansion, originally intended as an expansion of Richmond No. 3 (designated No. 3A), assigned separate management, and closed at the end of the war.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1943 (build); 1948 (disposition)
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond No. 4 construction trades (1942-43)
- Limitations
- Independent commercial yard-record compilation - widely used build-table authority agreeing with DANFS on keel/launch/delivery dates; 'delivered 23-Apr-43' coincides with the DANFS commission date. Contains no asbestos content. Documents construction, not materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-03
-
[5]Era inference built on: DANFS and NavSource records (LST-1-class diesel tank landing ship, built 1942-43 Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 4); U.S. Public Health Service wartime survey of pipe-covering operations in naval-vessel construction (Fleischer et al. 1946, PMID 21016030 - see ev-05); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos program documentation (see ev-06); EPA CERCLA record for the Kaiser Richmond shipyard complex (see ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS/NavSource records for this hull; Fleischer 1946 (ev-05); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-06); EPA CERCLA CAD980637557 (ev-08)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A tank landing ship built 1942-43 at a Kaiser wartime yard sits inside the documented federal asbestos-in-shipbuilding era: USPHS surveyors described amosite asbestos as 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels' during WWII construction (Fleischer 1946), and GAO documented Navy-wide asbestos insulation use through the era. The diesel plant (two GM 12-567A, no boilers) narrows the classic steam-lagging pathway; era-standard applications aboard an LST of this period were pipe covering and machinery/exhaust insulation in the engine room, gaskets, valve packing, deck coverings, accommodation insulation, and electrical insulation. Her builder's yard complex carries a federal environmental-site record (EPA CERCLA CAD980637557).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond No. 4 construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); embarked troops (1943-45); 1947-48 shipbreakers (Kaiser Seattle)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or abatement record located for LST-484. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. The hull was scrapped in 1948, before modern documentation practice.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-04
-
[6]Fleischer WE, Viles FJ Jr, Gade RL, Drinker P, 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1946 Jan;28:9-16 (PMID 21016030; citation verified via NCBI E-utilities efetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030 (J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1946 Jan;28:9-16); abstract text
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- U.S. Public Health Service wartime industrial-health survey: federal hygienists X-rayed 1,074 pipe coverers across two government Navy yards and two Navy contract yards, finding amosite 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels' along with asbestos cloth and asbestos cement; three asbestosis cases were found, all in men with 20+ years in shipyard pipe covering. The study documents that asbestos pipe-covering material was in standard use during WWII naval vessel construction - the era and trade population covering this hull's 1942-43 build.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1946 (survey era)
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulation trades at Navy and Navy-contract shipyards (including the contract-yard category covering Kaiser Richmond)
- Limitations
- Era-level federal survey, not a hull record: it does not name LST-484, Kaiser Richmond, or any LST; it documents the material and the exposure pathway in naval construction generally. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, or quantity. PubMed HTML page is JS-rendered to automated fetch; bibliographic details verified via efetch.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-05
-
[7]GAO, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product-page description (ARCHIVED capture 2008-11-12; live gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-02) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, summary paragraph (archived capture)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at the Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removal, and compensation programs; per the product description, 'other Navy ships contain large quantities of asbestos' while recently constructed ships had little or no asbestos thermal insulation, and the Navy's removal policy (1975, modified 1979) replaced only damaged or maintenance-required insulation. Program-level documentation that asbestos was standard in the WWII-era fleet this hull belonged to.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-1979 era covered
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk - not Kaiser Richmond. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-02); content via archived product-page description only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-06
-
[8]NARA College Park (Textual Reference) via Digital Public Library of America: 'USS LST-484 - AA Act Rep, 6/17/44, Off Saipan Is, Marianas,' Micro Serial No. 79905; plus NARA still-picture NAIDs 193836354 / 193836348 / 193836390 (U.S. Army Air Corps photographs of LST-484 at Kwajalein, February 1944, per NavSource captions) and NHHC photo no. 84691 (at anchor, c. 1945-46) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Digital Pasifik/DPLA item 480169 (micro serial 79905); catalog.archives.gov/id/193836354, /193836348, /193836390; NavSource 160484.htm photo captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival records naming this hull exist at NARA College Park: an anti-aircraft action report dated 17 June 1944 off Saipan (WWII action-report series, Micro Serial 79905), and U.S. Army Air Corps still photographs documenting LST-484 unloading at Green Beach, Kwajalein Atoll, circa 4 February 1944 (NAIDs 193836354, 193836348, 193836390 - IDs resolve live at catalog.archives.gov; descriptive metadata transcribed via NavSource photo captions). NHHC holds photo no. 84691 of the ship at anchor c. 1945-46 (per NavSource attribution). These are leads for further hull-specific documentation - action reports and photographs, not material or work records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Crew during documented operations (Kwajalein Feb 1944; Saipan Jun 1944)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: establishes that named hull-specific records exist, not their content - the action report and photographs were not read this session. NARA catalog pages are JS-rendered; IDs verified live (HTTP 200) but metadata relies on NavSource/DPLA transcriptions. No asbestos content located in any of these leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-07
-
[9]U.S. EPA Superfund site profile, 'KAISER ALUM & CHEM CO SHIPYARD #2,' EPA ID CAD980637557, Richmond CA 94804, Region 9 - NFRAP determination (live page verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- EPA Cumulis site profile CAD980637557 (site information block)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- A federal CERCLA record exists for the former Kaiser shipbuilding complex at Richmond - 'Kaiser Alum & Chem Co Shipyard #2,' EPA ID CAD980637557 - with a NFRAP determination (site does not qualify for the National Priorities List based on existing information). This documents federal environmental oversight of the wartime Kaiser Richmond yard complex where the hull was built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940-1980 (site record)
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond yard site (environmental record; wartime shipbuilding complex)
- Limitations
- Context only: the EPA record names Shipyard No. 2's site specifically, not the No. 4 yard where this hull was built, and asbestos is not listed as a primary contaminant in the CERCLA record - it is not an asbestos finding for any vessel. The companion California DTSC Kaiser Richmond citation used in the shipyard dataset (dtsc.ca.gov SiteCleanup/Projects/Kaiser_Richmond_Shipyard.cfm) is dead (404 live, 403 to automated fetch, no Wayback capture) and could not be verified this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-08
-
[10]Battle-star cross-check: DANFS entry 'LST-484 earned five battle stars for World War II service' and lists a Tinian capture-and-occupation operation (July 1944); NavSource page states 'earned four battle stars,' displays Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (4), and its campaign table omits Tinian [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-484 entry final line and operation list; NavSource 160484.htm campaign table and awards display
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: secondary compilation NavSource credits this hull with four battle stars and omits the Tinian operation from its campaign table; the Navy's official history (DANFS) credits five battle stars and lists Tinian capture and occupation (July 1944) among her operations. This record follows DANFS: five battle stars. The difference is NavSource's omission of the Tinian engagement, consistent with the 4-ribbon display on its own page.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944 (operation); award record
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating award-count discrepancy, not a material claim. No asbestos content. NavSource's table is internally consistent (four campaigns shown) but incomplete against DANFS.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-09
-
[11]Batch-6990 search ledger (this record): archived NHHC DANFS entry; NavSource 160484; ShipbuildingHistory Kaiser Richmond table; CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket searches on 'LST-484' and 'USS LST-484'; NARA photo NAIDs; DPLA action-report item; EPA Cumulis; GAO (blocked live, archived product page); PubMed efetch; NARA deck-log lead; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-484-lst484-01 through -15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LST-484 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion and docket searches on 'LST-484' returned zero results each; opinion searches on 'USS LST-484' and the unhyphenated variant 'LST 484' also returned zero. The only 'asbestos aboard' material located is law-firm marketing content (navyshipexposure.com class listicle, gorilaw.com) asserting asbestos for the LST type without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The CourtListener sweep covered the canonical and variant name forms in both opinion and docket indexes but is limited to what those repositories index - PACER/state-court filings are outside its coverage. NARA action reports, deck logs, and MARCOM construction records are undigitized leads that could theoretically contain material detail. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-484-lst484-10