Evidence
15 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-15).
-
[1]research packet 696-packet.md (2 sources cited) [museum_official]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-595-lst595-pkt-696-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-595 - construction, sponsor, commissioning, Palawan/Visayan campaigns, occupation duty, decommissioning, strike, disposal (live NHHC page, fetched via Firecrawl 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-595 entry, full text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS documents for this hull: laid down 7 July 1944 at Evansville, Ind., by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 16 August 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Adlai Russell; commissioned 14 September 1944, Lt. A. C. Jackson, USNR, in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater; participated in the Palawan Island landings in March 1945 and the Visayan Island landings in March and April 1945; performed occupation duty in the Far East until January 1946; decommissioned 3 January 1946; struck from the Navy list 5 March 1947; sold 31 May 1947 to the government of South Korea. One battle star for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (Evansville, 1944); ship's company and embarked troops (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official history only; no asbestos or material content. The entry is summary-level - the ship's own war-history letter (ev-03) supplies the operational detail including the commissioning venue, campaign echelons, and SCAJAP turnover.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-595 (10/16/160595.htm) - class, dated campaign table, occupation-service periods, SCAJAP Q001 redesignation, spec block, awards, CO table, disposal, call sign [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160595.htm header block, campaign table, occupation-service table, specifications block, CO table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource documents for this hull: LST-542-class tank landing ship laid down 7 July 1944 at Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co., Evansville, IN; launched 16 August 1944; commissioned USS LST-595 14 September 1944, LT. Arthur C. Jackson, USNR, in command (CO table: LT. Jackson, Arthur Carroll, USNR, 14 Sep 1944 - 3 Jan 1946, the entire commission). Campaign table (Consolidation and capture of Southern Philippines): Visayan Island landings 28 March and 2-4 April 1945; Palawan Islands landings 1-2 March 1945. Navy Occupation service periods: 23 September-26 October 1945 and 18 November 1945-3 January 1946. Decommissioned 3 January 1946 and assigned to Commander Naval Forces Far East (COMNAVFE) Shipping Control Authority for Japan (SCAJAP), redesignated Q001. Struck from the Naval Register 5 March 1947; sold to the government of South Korea 31 May 1947; final disposition fate unknown. Spec block: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa x 50 ft; 11.6 kt trial; 2 x GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, 3 x 100 kW 230V DC diesel-drive generators, 2 propellers 1,700 shp; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers / 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; radio call sign NEZI. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1), WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp), Philippines Presidential Unit Citation, Philippines Liberation Medal (1). One battle star.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Ship's company (~117) plus embarked troops (1944-46); Japanese SCAJAP crew (1946-47); Korean crews (1947 onward)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its dates cross-check cleanly against DANFS and the ship's own war-history letter (ev-03), and its SCAJAP Q001 note is corroborated by that letter's turnover plan. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-02
-
[4]NARA NAID 77707775, 'USS LST-595 - War History' (letter LST595/A9, Serial 004, CO to Fleet Home Town News Center, Chicago, 29 December 1945, signed A. C. Jackson; RG 38, World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories; micro serial 159269, roll A2107; 6 images; digitized via Fold3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77707775, images 0725-0730 of roll A2107 (downloaded and read 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's own war-history letter (all 6 images downloaded and read this session) documents: commissioned 14 September 1944 at Naval Repair Base Algiers, New Orleans, Lt. A. C. Jackson, USNR, commanding; shakedown at Panama City, FL completed 5 October 1944; LCT-1256 loaded on her main deck at New Orleans; departed Gulfport, MS, 19 October 1944 for the Panama Canal Zone to report to ComSEVENTH Fleet; via Coco Solo/Balboa (25-27 Oct) with LSTs 639 and 722 to Seeadler Harbor, Manus (arrived 9 Dec). New Guinea operations Jan 1945 (Humboldt Bay, Hollandia, Biak, Mios Woendi; 41st Division elements); LCT-1256 launched at Mindoro 7 February. Palawan: arrived Puerto Princesa Harbor 1 March 1945 (D+1) in the first reinforcement echelon and discharged load. Cebu (V-2): landed near Talisay 26 March, launched pontoon causeways, unloaded; first resupply echelon to Cebu City 1-2 April. Borneo staging: pontoon causeways plus 236 tons ship's-service stores via Humboldt Bay/Manus/Biak to Morotai, with a 1-officer/15-enlisted 111th Naval Construction Battalion detachment embarked. Oboe-Six (TG 78.1, RADM F. B. Royal in Rocky Mount AGC-3): landed Australian troops at Labuan Island, Brunei Bay, 10 June; second Brunei Bay lift arrived 27 June. Fifteen-day availability including docking at Subic Bay (20 Aug-6 Sep). Occupation lifts: Batangas Bay to Tokyo Bay (anchored off Yokohama 29 Sep; unloaded Shiogama 3 Oct); second lift arrived Tokyo Bay 19 November; assigned duty in Japanese home waters. 'Commenced stripping ship on 22 December prior to decommissioning on or about 29 December and turning ship over to Japanese crew, under SCAJAP, for relocation of former Japanese fighting men and civilians left on invaded islands.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-09 to 1945-12
- Population
- Ship's company; embarked troops incl. 41st Division elements, Americal Division elements, Australian troops, 14th Corps elements; 111th NCB pontoon detachment; Japanese SCAJAP crew
- Limitations
- Primary ship-produced record. A PR-history letter to the Fleet Home Town News Center (not an action report); its anticipated 'on or about 29 December' decommissioning differs from the actual 3 January 1946 date in DANFS/NavSource - official dates control. Cover letter references Enclosure (B), a list of all personnel attached to the ship - that enclosure is not part of the 6-image file unit (noted in gaps). No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-03
-
[5]Australian War Memorial collection accession OG2909A (official catalog record, public domain photograph by John Thomas Harrison, verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AWM collection OG2909A catalog record and image
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- AWM collection record OG2909A (public domain): 'LABUAN ISLAND, BORNEO. 1945-06-10. A GENERAL VIEW OF LSTS (LANDING SHIP, TANK), NO. 50, 128, 595, WHICH CARRIED THE INVASION FORCES, ON THE BEACH ON LABUAN ISLAND.' Documents this hull beached at Labuan Island on 10 June 1945 carrying invasion forces - official-archive corroboration of the Oboe-6 landing described in her war-history letter (ev-03; the '50' and '128' in the AWM caption are the LSM hulls alongside, LSM-50 and LSM-128, per the NavSource captioning of the same frame).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-06-10
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked Australian troops during Oboe 6 (June 1945)
- Limitations
- Physical-presence documentation only - a dated photograph of the hull beached at Labuan; contains no asbestos or material content and no information about work performed aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-04
-
[6]shipbuildinghistory.com (Tim Colton), Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co., Evansville IN yard table - per-hull production row for LST-595 (yard hull no. 120) and yard history (secondary compilation, verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Missouri Valley Bridge yard table, row 120
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The yard production table's row for this hull (yard hull no. 120, FY 1943 contract): keel 7/7/1944, launched 8/16/1944, delivered 9/14/1944 - 40 days on the ways, 29 in the water, 69 days total - with fate line 'to Korea 1947 as Chon Po.' The yard page documents that the Evansville plant was built for the war effort, produced 171 LSTs per its table, and was destroyed by fire in 1946. The 'as Chon Po' note is the only located source naming the hull's Korean-service identity; fuller ROKN detail (LST Jochiwon via Korea Shipping Corp.; ROKS Cheonbo, LST-805; delivery 1950, commissioned 1952, decommissioned 1957) rests on Wikipedia's ROKN list alone - carried in gaps, not asserted.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1957
- Population
- Korean merchant and ROK Navy crews (1947 onward, per secondary compilation)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation, not an official record - its per-hull dates match DANFS/NavSource exactly for this hull. The Korean-name claim is single-source; Wikipedia's expanded ROKN table entry is not independently corroborated and is carried as a gap. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-05
-
[7]National Park Service, 'Evansville, Indiana' WWII Heritage City page - Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co. Shipyard (Evansville Shipyard) wartime production record (verified live 2026-10-02) [nps]
- Locator
- NPS Evansville, Indiana place page, shipyard paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS documents this hull's builder: 'In February 1942, the Department of Navy constructed the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co. Shipyard, also called the Evansville Shipyard. Placed along the Ohio River, the forty-acre plant built 300 feet by 50 feet wide landing ship tanks (LST). Shift workers maintained rapid production throughout the war, resulting in one ship every four days in 1944 and a total of 167 LSTs produced by February 1945' - making Evansville 'the largest inland producer of oceangoing ships.' This hull's July-September 1944 build window sits inside the peak-rate 1944 production year documented.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron construction trades (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Yard-level official documentation, not a hull record - it does not name LST-595. The NPS figure (167 LSTs by February 1945) and the shipbuildinghistory table count (171 total) differ in basis/window - noted in gaps. No asbestos content; the page contains no materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-06
-
[8]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II, NAVSHIPS 250-011 (1945), LST design table (shipscribe.com scan; live URL verified 2026-10-02); NavSource LST-595 spec block [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 v2 LST design table; NavSource 160595.htm specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference for this hull: the LST-542 design group ran a diesel plant (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, 900 hp each, 1,700 shp total, Falk reduction gear, twin screws - BuShips design table and this hull's NavSource spec block) with no boilers, so the steam-plant lagging pathway of boiler vessels does not apply. Asbestos-relevant applications aboard a 1944 diesel landing ship of this type were the era-standard set - diesel-exhaust and machinery-space lagging, gaskets and packing, accommodation thermal insulation, deck coverings - inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era (NIOSH; GAO HRD-80-2, ev-09/ev-10).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1957+
- Population
- Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron construction trades (1944); ship's company/embarked troops (1944-46); Japanese SCAJAP crew (1946-47); Korean crews (1947 onward); any breakers of the undocumented final disposition
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material schedule, or construction work package was located for LST-595. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantities; no manufacturer attribution.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-07
-
[9]U.S. Navy Dept & U.S. Maritime Commission, Minimum Requirements for Safety and Industrial Health in Contract Shipyards (GPO, 1943) - OpenLibrary catalog OL52335800M (HathiTrust record 101739527 confirms approval dates Navy 20 Jan 1943 / USMC 9 Feb 1943 but is Cloudflare-blocked this session; OpenLibrary record verified live); applicability and asbestos-dust content as recited in Shuman v. United States, 765 F.2d 283 (1st Cir. 1985) [other_primary]
- Locator
- OpenLibrary OL52335800M; Shuman v. United States, 765 F.2d 283, district-court findings of fact (4)-(5)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- U.S. Navy Department and U.S. Maritime Commission, 'Minimum Requirements for Safety and Industrial Health in Contract Shipyards' (approved Navy 20 Jan 1943, USMC 9 Feb 1943; GPO 1943) - the wartime joint safety code imposed on Navy contract shipyards which, per the district-court findings recited in Shuman v. United States, 765 F.2d 283 (1st Cir. 1985), 'dealt in part with the hazards of asbestos dust' and was imposed 'on shipyards operating under Navy contracts as well as the Navy's own yards.' Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron's Evansville yard built this hull under Navy contract during the code's effective period - i.e., asbestos-dust hazard controls were a documented feature of the wartime construction regime at contract yards of this type.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Contract-shipyard construction trades, incl. Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Evansville (1943-45)
- Limitations
- Era/program-level regulatory documentation: the code is verified to exist (multiple catalog records) and to have addressed asbestos dust at contract shipyards (per a published appellate opinion reciting trial findings), but it names no hull and this record does not independently establish that Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron held a Navy contract subject to it - that contractual status is standard for WWII LST builders and is treated here as era inference. Establishes a regulated-hazard environment, not material aboard LST-595, not quantity, not exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-08
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) - DOI verified via Crossref 2026-10-02 [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373 (1987); Crossref record for DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this 1944 LST-542-class hull was mass-produced at an inland Navy contract yard - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-09
-
[11]NIOSH/CDC, 100 Years of Respiratory Protection History (ARCHIVED COPY at archive.cdc.gov - the live cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/100YearsRespProtect.html page now serves a moved-notice redirecting to archive.cdc.gov; re-verified 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archive.cdc.gov mirror, '1920-1950' section, WWII Navy paragraph
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- NIOSH documents that 'as the world entered World War II, the US Navy's use of asbestos increased for insulation purposes for pipes in naval vessels,' that a Navy medical officer recognized by 1939 the need for respirators when cutting and wetting amosite and other asbestos-containing insulation, and that even after the 1946 Fleischer et al. study the Navy 'continued to use asbestos' with occupational-hygiene warnings. This is era context for a 1944-built Navy vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- World War II era documented; article undated
- Population
- U.S. Navy shipyard and shipboard workers, era context
- Limitations
- The source is not about LST-595 or the LST-542 class and does not identify materials installed aboard this hull. It supports only era-level context, not a ship-specific asbestos finding, quantity, location, or exposure conclusion. URL is the CDC archive copy - cited as archived per citation hygiene.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-10
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights block
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at the Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs; the Navy's 1975 policy removed only damaged insulation, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. This documents that the Navy used asbestos insulation aboard ships through the era spanning this hull's construction (1944) and wartime service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk - supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. The product page verifies the report's existence and scope (fetched via Firecrawl 2026-10-02; bare curl returns 403).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-11
-
[13]CourtListener API v4 search (authenticated, fleet-paced helper cl-auth-search.py), opinion and docket indexes [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-595-lst595-10 through -12
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation located: exact-phrase "LST-595" returned 0 in the opinion index and 0 in the docket index, and "LST 595" returned 0 in the opinion index and 0 in the docket index (all four queries completed authenticated 2026-10-02). An exact-name "USS LST-595" opinion variant was attempted but stalled on the fleet pacing budget - logged as blocked in the search ledger, not a negative result. No asbestos case naming this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- CourtListener indexes published opinions and RECAP dockets - state-court filings, unreported settlements, MDL-875 pleading-level vessel lists, and non-digitized dockets are outside coverage. A zero qualifying result means no located docketed case/opinion naming this hull, not proof none exists.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-12
-
[14]Batch-7111 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS; NavSource; NARA catalog + ship-produced file unit read in full; AWM collection; NPS Evansville page; shipbuildinghistory yard table; BuShips SDB 1945 v2; GAO product page; NIOSH/CDC archived page; Corn & Starr DOI via Crossref; wartime Minimum Requirements code via OpenLibrary; NARA asbestos-research guided topic; NVR; MARAD vesselhistory; CourtListener API (opinion + docket); live-web sweep; shipyards.json check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-595-lst595-01 through -16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, insulation drawing, or qualifying case naming USS LST-595 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The strongest ship-specific documentation is operational (the ship's own war-history letter and the AWM Labuan photograph) and contains no materials content.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - construction at a wartime inland yard sits squarely inside the Navy's asbestos-use era. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-13
-
[15]NARA guided topic, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' - maps the hull-specific asbestos research path through RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) correspondence filed by hull code and builder code [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA guided-topic page, 'Bureau of Ships General, Confidential, and Secret Correspondence' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead (not retrieved - requires College Park research-room access; no spend authorized): the NARA asbestos research guide directs hull-specific research to RG 19 Bureau of Ships General, Confidential, and Secret Correspondence 1940-1961, filed by ship designation/hull code - for this hull, 'LST595' - and to builder correspondence under 'QM/Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron' (private contractor designation). These series are not digitized; the ship's construction/outfitting correspondence would be the likeliest primary source for materials statements aboard this hull.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940-1946 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for hull LST-595 is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-595-lst595-14