Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 696-packet.md (3 sources cited) [museum_official]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-599-lst599-pkt-696-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-599 - construction, sponsor, commissioning, Okinawa Gunto campaign, kamikaze photo caption, occupation/China service, decommissioning, sale, strike (live NHHC page, fetched via Firecrawl; bare curl returns 404 - UA-gated) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-599 entry, full text incl. NHHC photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS documents for this hull: laid down 18 July 1944 at Evansville, Ind., by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 2 September 1944, sponsored by Mrs. J. M. Robinson; commissioned 27 September 1944, Lt. P. P. Roney in command. Asiatic-Pacific theater; assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto April 1945. The page's own NHHC photo caption states 'LST-599's crew fights flames off Okinawa on 3 April 1945 after a kamikaze exploded on deck.' Occupation duty in the Far East and service in China until June 1946; decommissioned 1 June 1946; 'sold to Bosey, Philippines, on 5 December 1947'; struck from the Navy list 22 January 1948. One battle star for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Construction trades (Evansville, 1944); ship's company and embarked troops (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific official history only; no asbestos or material content. No yard, drydock, or repair content - the January 1945 Pearl Harbor drydocking and June-July 1945 Western Pipe & Steel overhaul are documented only in the ship's war diaries (ev-04, ev-05). Strike and sale dates conflict with NavSource's transposed ordering (see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-599 (10/16/160599.htm, last updated 12 December 2014) - designation timeline, unit assignments, spec block, commanding-officer list, awards, disposal, NHHC fire photo [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160599.htm header block, campaign table, awards table, specifications block, CO table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource documents for this hull: LST-542-class tank landing ship laid down 18 July 1944 at Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co., Evansville, IN; launched 2 September 1944; commissioned USS LST-599 27 September 1944, ENS. Peter P. Roney, USN, in command. Units: LST Flotilla Twenty-One, LST Group Sixty-Two (flagship), LST Division One Hundred Twenty-Three. Campaign: Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation, 2-19 April 1945. Photo caption (NHHC photo #344937, via USS LSM/LSMR Association): LST-599 'with LCT-876 stowed on her main deck burns after being struck by a Japanese Kamikaze in the Fleet anchorage at Kerama Retto, Okinawa, 3 April 1945. LSM-79 is attempting to provide assistance.' A second photo shows LST-724 and LST-599 beached at Okinawa in December 1945. Navy Occupation Service and China Service Medal (extended) periods both 17 October 1945 to 1 June 1946. Decommissioned 1 June 1946; 'Struck from the Naval Register, 5 December 1947'; 'Final Disposition, sold, 22 January 1948, to Bosey, Philippines, fate unknown.' Combat Action Ribbon retroactive 3 April 1945 at Kerama Retto; one battle star. Spec block: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa x 50 ft; 11.6 kt; 2 x GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk reduction gear, 2 shafts 1,700 shp, 3 x 100 kW DC generators; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troops 16 officers / 147 enlisted; radio call sign NFAA. CO list: ENS. Peter P. Roney, USN, 29 September 1944 - 1 June 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Ship's company (~117) plus embarked troops (1944-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - dates cross-check cleanly against DANFS except the struck/sold ordering, which it transposes (see gaps), and the CO rank ('ENS.' at commissioning vs DANFS 'Lt.'; NHHC fleet org and the CO's own signatures confirm Lieutenant by spring 1945). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-02
-
[4]NARA NAID 77549268, 'USS LST-599 - Report of action against enemy aircraft and resultant enemy suicide crash dive off Kuba Jima, Kerama Retto, Ryukyu Islands, 4/3/45' (CO action report LST599/A12 serial 37, 6 April 1945, in eight parts with enclosures; RG 38 war-diaries series; 39 images; digitized via Fold3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77549268 images 1-20 of 39 (downloaded and OCR-read 2026-10-02): Parts I-VIII narrative, damage lists, casualty list, enclosures
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's own action report (first 20 of 39 images downloaded and OCR-read this session) documents the 3 April 1945 kamikaze strike verbatim: anchored ~1,000 yards off Kuba Jima, Kerama Retto, carrying LCT(6)-876, 29 officers/164 enlisted of VMF-322 MAG-33, and 424 short tons of cargo including 300+ drums of gasoline and petroleum products. At 0618 a Japanese 'TONY' fighter, hit repeatedly by the ship's 20mm/40mm fire, 'crashed through LCT (6) 876, and then penetrated main deck of this vessel, making a hole 6 feet in diameter about 10 feet inboard of portside at frame 24.' Gasoline drums on the main deck exploded; fire spread to the tank deck and, through bulkhead heat, to troop berthing compartments A-207-L through A-213-L and A-313-A. Firefight with repair parties, tank-deck sprinklers, foam, jettisoning of gasoline drums and ~60 loaded 20mm ready-box magazines, and alongside assistance from USS YMS-324, USS YMS-293, USS LSM-79, and USS LCI(FF)-790 - fire started 0619 and the ship's chronology logs 'definitely under control' at 1130 (the damage-control officer's own figure is 5 1/2 hours elapsed); firefighting water raised tank-deck free surface to ~10 feet with heavy port list until USS ATR-80 pumped her out. Damage itemized by the First Lieutenant and Engineering Officer: fire-main/sprinkler/drainage line ruptures including 'Packing burnt at F18' and 'Gasket burnt in joint at frame 23'; ~20 ventilation fixtures destroyed; all tank-deck electrical wiring, six vent fans, crew-quarters wiring forward of B-201-L, the emergency fire-pump engine, bow-door/ramp motors and controllers, degaussing and ship's-service air forward of frame 26, and the general-alarm and JY/JV telephone systems destroyed; engines, tanks, and ballast piping undamaged; engineer recommended ~75% of plate and beams in the fire area be replaced. Casualty list (none fatal): ENS Robert C. Duell and one radioman burned about hands/face, one pharmacist's mate ear-drum injury, further burns/smoke/laceration cases among ship's company, LCT-876 passengers, and VMF-322 Marines - wounded transferred to USS APH-13. Signature block of the commanding officer, 'P. P. Roney' (rank in the faint signature line unverified; he signs 'Lieut., USN' on the June 1945 war diary and is 'Lt.' on NHHC's 1 May 1945 roster).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-04-03 to 1945-04-05
- Population
- Ship's company; LCT(6)-876 crew; VMF-322 MAG-33 embarked Marines; YMS-324/YMS-293/LSM-79/LCI(FF)-790/ATR-80 fire-and-rescue parties (April 1945)
- Limitations
- Primary ship-produced damage record; documents the event and systems damaged, not materials - the report never says 'asbestos.' Firefighting/salvage exposure pathway is documented by event, not by fiber. Pages 21-39 (cargo manifest continuation and endorsements) not exhaustively read; OCR is clean for the narrative sections quoted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-03
-
[5]NARA NAID 139974653, 'USS LST-599 - Rep of AA act in the Kerama Retto, Ryukyu Is on 4/3/45' (CO anti-aircraft action report, serial 38, 9 April 1945, with endorsements; RG 38 war-diaries series; 7 images; digitized via Fold3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 139974653 images 1-7 (downloaded and OCR-read 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The companion AA action report (all 7 images downloaded and OCR-read this session) corroborates the attack details: two Japanese 'TONY' fighters sighted 0610, ship opened fire 0613, the attacking aircraft commenced its suicide dive ~0617 from ~1,500 feet and ~1,500 yards and crashed into the ship ~0618; 12 guns (20mm and 40mm) engaged. Endorsement chain: LST Flotilla Twenty-Three (Commander Task Group 53.7) forwards 'concurring... As an eyewitness the Group Commander is in a position to substantiate the majority of the report'; Commander Amphibious Group FOUR endorsement notes 'Additional training in the proper use of fire fighting equipment is essential' and that 'the failure of the Johnson Pumpers should be thoroughly investigated... rendered them inoperative during the emergency' - a documented equipment failure during the shipboard fire.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-04
- Population
- Ship's company; embarked personnel (April 1945)
- Limitations
- Documents the engagement and a firefighting-equipment failure endorsement; no material or asbestos content. The descriptive-text page signature is the damage-control officer's, not the CO's.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-04
-
[6]NARA NAID 633416259, 'USS LST-599 - War Diary, 4/1-30/45' (RG 38 war-diaries series; 6 images; digitized via Fold3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 633416259 images 1-6 (downloaded and OCR-read 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The April 1945 war diary (all 6 images downloaded and OCR-read this session) documents the damage aftermath and forward-area work: 3 April attack narrative matching the action report (0618 crash through LCT-876 and main deck at frame 24; fire under control 1130; wounded - 'none seriously' - to USS APH-13); 4 April USS ATR-80 pumping alongside; 5-10 April at Kerama Retto 'cleaning away debris,' outfitting 73 crew members who lost personal effects, 'Shoring up damaged frames and deck, patching up holes in deck,' transferring provisions; 9 April 'discovered 100 KILOGRAM unexploded bomb under debris in tank deck' - disposed of by a bomb disposal party from USS ARKANSAS on SOPA authority. Departure 11 April for Saipan in TU 51.29.13 (VMF-322 cargo '80% loss due to fire and salt water damage'); Saipan 17-30 April: berthed LOVE 101/103/MIKE 22/NAN 13; 25-27 April LCT-876 lifted off in three sections by 75-ton floating crane to the Amphibious Boat Replacement Pool; 29-30 April moored Baker Ramp, Pier Baker 2, discharging damaged cargo to Commander NAB Saipan custody with a 31st Special Battalion NCB unloading crew handling 'damaged rolling stock' on the tank deck.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-04-01 to 1945-04-30
- Population
- Ship's company (incl. 73 outfitted after losing effects); ATR-80 salvage crew; USS ARKANSAS bomb-disposal party; 75-ton floating-crane crew; 31st Special Bn NCB unloading detail; NAB Saipan cargo custodians (April 1945)
- Limitations
- Documents the salvage/damage-control work and its dates verbatim, not materials - no 'asbestos' mention, no insulation/lining itemization. Kerama Retto/Saipan work was crew-level emergency repair plus crane/cargo operations; the industrial repair scope is documented only at Western Pipe & Steel (ev-06).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-05
-
[7]NARA NAIDs 139833075 ('USS LST-599 - War Diary, 1/1-31/45', 7 images) and 101706707 ('USS LST-599 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45', 2 images) - RG 38 war-diaries series, digitized via Fold3; both downloaded and OCR-read this session [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 139833075 images 1-7 (Jan) and NAID 101706707 images 1-2 (Jun) - downloaded and OCR-read 2026-10-02
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two war diaries document the hull's repair availabilities verbatim. January: unloading USMC cargo at Apra Harbor, Guam (early January); launched LCT-818 7 January, after which 'our stern was grounded on reef' - cleared by YTF-370; departed 8 January with LST-598/APc-49 for Eniwetok, then Pearl Harbor; 27-29 January in 'DRY DOCK #4' at Pearl Harbor - 'STARBOARD and PORT PROPELLORS, STARBOARD and PORT TAIL SHAFTS replaced' (damage traced to the 7 January Apra grounding), LCT launching ways installed and LCT-876 hoisted aboard 29 January. June: underway Pearl Harbor to San Francisco 'to report to COMPHIBSTRAPAC for temporary duty under overhaul'; 2 June 'awarded PURPLE HEART MEDALS for wounds received in action against an enemy... on 3 April 1945 to one officer and six members of Ship's Company'; 6 June discharged 410 cases 40mm + 137 cases 20mm ammunition at Ammunition Depot Mare Island, then 'moored to dock at WESTERN PIPE AND STEEL WORKS, SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO' - 7 June onward 'Sixty (60) day period of overhaul battle damage repair' with completion date 31 July 1945 and 30-June progress percentages (HULL 60%, ENGINEERING-MECHANICAL 35%, ELECTRICAL 15%, ORDNANCE 25%, RADIO/RADAR 35%). The June diary is signed 'P. P. Roney, Lieut., USN.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-01; 1945-06-01 to 1945-07-31
- Population
- Ship's company; Pearl Harbor Navy Yard Dry Dock #4 trades (Jan 1945); Western Pipe & Steel Works yard trades (Jun-Jul 1945); NAD Mare Island ordnance handlers (Jun 1945)
- Limitations
- Documents two industrial availabilities aboard this hull and their dates verbatim, not the work's material content - no 'asbestos' mention, no work-package itemization. The Pearl Harbor event is a drydocking for propeller/shaft replacement (limited interior scope); the Western Pipe & Steel event is the hull's major documented repair availability (60 days, hull/electrical/ordnance/radio scope) inside the documented asbestos-use era - material scope unitemized.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-06
-
[8]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (1945), LST design table (shipscribe.com scan); NavSource LST-599 spec block; lst-1-class class profile (class-f worktree, 2026-09-16) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 v2 LST design table; NavSource 160599.htm specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference for this hull: the LST-542 design group ran a diesel plant (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, 1,700 shp total, Falk reduction gear, twin screws - BuShips design table and this hull's NavSource spec block) with no boilers, so the steam-plant lagging pathway of boiler vessels does not apply. Asbestos-relevant applications aboard a 1944 diesel landing ship of this type were the era-standard set - diesel-exhaust and machinery-space lagging, gaskets and packing, accommodation thermal insulation, deck coverings - and the documented repair events aboard this hull (Pearl Harbor Dry Dock #4 January 1945; Kerama Retto/Saipan post-fire salvage April 1945; Western Pipe & Steel 60-day battle-damage overhaul June-July 1945, including hull-plate/beam replacement scope and destroyed wiring/ventilation systems) represent documented disturbance of ship structure and systems inside the Navy's asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron construction trades (1944); ship's company/embarked troops (1944-46); Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, Kerama Retto/Saipan salvage, and Western Pipe & Steel yard trades (1945); post-sale breakers/reusers (1947-48+)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material schedule, or overhaul work package was located for LST-599. Names era-standard applications and documented disturbance events, not confirmed installed materials; no quantities; no manufacturer attribution. SDB 1945 v2 link verified live 2026-10-02 (HTTP 200).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1944), wartime service, the documented January 1945 Pearl Harbor drydocking, April 1945 battle-damage salvage, the June-July 1945 Western Pipe & Steel overhaul, and her 1947-48 disposal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, reconfirmed 2026-10-02) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-08
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 search (authenticated, fleet-paced helper), opinion and docket indexes [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-599-lst599-11 through -14
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation located: exact-phrase "LST-599" returned 0 in both the opinion and docket indexes; "LST 599" asbestos in opinions returned 0; "USS LST-599" in opinions returned 0. No case of any kind naming this hull was located - a cleaner result than sibling hulls (no tokenized collisions at all).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- CourtListener indexes published opinions and RECAP dockets - state-court filings, unreported settlements, MDL-875 pleading-level vessel lists, and non-digitized dockets are outside coverage. A zero qualifying result means no located docketed case/opinion naming this hull, not proof none exists.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-09
-
[11]Batch-7115 search ledger (this record): DANFS; NavSource; NHHC 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization page; NARA catalog + five file units read in full (two action reports; January, April, June war diaries); casualty-report catalog query; BuShips SDB 1945 v2; GAO product page; CourtListener API (opinion + docket); NIOSH HHE search; NVR; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-599-lst599-01 through -19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, or qualifying case naming LST-599 was found in the public sources searched. The ship-specific documentation located is operational and unusually complete for a Tier-2 LST - five digitized file units read in full document a Pearl Harbor drydocking, the 3 April 1945 kamikaze strike/fire and post-fire salvage, and a sixty-day Western Pipe & Steel battle-damage overhaul - but no primary source read names asbestos aboard this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - construction at a wartime inland yard, battle damage that burned gaskets/packing and destroyed ventilation and accommodation spaces, and a 60-day commercial-yard overhaul all sit squarely inside the Navy's asbestos-use era. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-10
-
[12]NARA catalog, "LST-599" - ~281 file units (fuzzy relevance); ship-titled units enumerated: ten monthly war diaries (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov 1945) and two 4/3/45 action reports (NAIDs 77549268, 139974653); parent-unit and neighboring-hull units also returned (LST-598 war history, VMF-322 diaries, COMTASKGROUP 53.7 Okinawa report, LSM-79 report) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov "LST-599" and "USS LST-599" result sets; NAIDs enumerated in search_ledger
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary archive coverage for this hull is strong but gapped: digitized ship-titled war diaries cover ten of twelve months in 1945 (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov) plus two kamikaze-attack action reports. No ship-titled file units surfaced for 1944 (construction/commissioning/transit), May 1945 (Saipan-Pearl transit), December 1945, or 1946 (occupation/China/decommissioning); a catalog query for a BuPers casualty report for this hull surfaced none (contrast LST-790, which has a paper-only RG 24 casualty report). Neighboring records that bridge: LST-598 war history, VMF-322 April/May 1945 diaries, COMTASKGROUP 53.7 Okinawa operations report (4/2-17/45), USS LSM-79 operations report (3/26-6/23/45).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Ship's company (1944-46); researchers
- Limitations
- Archival-lead row: the February/March and July-November 1945 diaries were enumerated but not read (April, January, June read in full); May 1945 transit and all 1944/1946 coverage unsurfaced; WWII deck logs proper for this hull not located in the digitized deck-log program; RG 181 work-package records for the Western Pipe & Steel overhaul and Pearl Harbor drydock are the open lead for any material scope.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-599-lst599-11