Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 696-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-6-lst6-pkt-696-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-6 (Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships entry, NHHC) - construction, sponsor, commissioning, European-theater operations, loss, strike, battle stars (verified live 2026-10-02 via rendered fetch and browser-UA GET; plain automated GET returns 404 - NHHC bot filtering, not link rot) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'LST-6' entry, full text; page published 2015-08-03
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-6 was laid down on 20 July 1942 at Wilmington, Del., by the Dravo Corp.; launched on 21 October 1942; sponsored by Mrs. H. E. Haven; and commissioned on 30 January 1943. During World War II, LST-6 was assigned to the European theater and participated in the following operations: Sicilian occupation - July 1943; Salerno landings - September 1943; Invasion of Normandy - June 1944. On 17 November 1944, she was mined and sunk in six fathoms of water while en route from Rouen, France, to Portland, England. She was struck from the Navy list on 22 December 1944. LST-6 earned three battle stars for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942); commissioning crew (1943)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Date of loss stated as 17 November 1944; two other official Navy sources (NHHC casualties list and the Cressman official chronology) state 18 November - see correction row ev-03 and gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-01
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[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-6 (10/16/160006) - milestone timeline, specifications, commanding officers, campaign ribbons, radio call sign NFOG, NARA photo references (verified live 2026-10-02) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160006.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officers table, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: LST-1 Class Tank Landing Ship; laid down 20 July 1942 at Dravo Corp., Wilmington, DE; launched 21 October 1942; commissioned USS LST-6, 30 January 1943, LT. Benjamin J. Franklin, USN, in command; Europe-Africa-Middle East Theater campaigns - Sicilian occupation 9 to 15 July 1943, Salerno landings 9 to 21 September 1943, Invasion of Normandy 6 to 25 June 1944; struck a mine and sank in six fathoms of water while enroute from Rouen, France, to Portland, England, 17 November 1944; struck from the Naval Register 22 December 1944; three battle stars. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Europe-Africa-Middle East Campaign Medal (3), World War II Victory Medal. Specifications: 328' oa x 50' beam; 1,625 t light / 4,080 t fl / 2,366 t beaching; 11.6 kt trial; complement 9 officers + 120 enlisted, troop accommodations 14 officers + 131 enlisted; 6 LCVP; ultimate armament design 2 twin 40mm w/Mk.51 directors, 4 single 40mm, 12 single 20mm; propulsion two General Motors 12-567A 900hp diesel engines, single Falk main reduction gears, three diesel-drive 100kW 230V D.C. ship's service generators, two propellers 1,700shp, twin rudders. Commanding officers: LT Benjamin Jackson Lee Franklin, USN (30 January 1943 - August 1944); LT W. H. Weddle, USN (August 1944 - 17 November 1944). Photo captions document launch-day photographs at NARA (89-G-21276, 89-G-21277) and a Normandy underway photo (US National Archives Identifier 78511370, ref. COM LST-GR 34 Act Rep. of Ops).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942); crew (1943-44); embarked troops (Sicily, Salerno, Normandy lift cycles)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates track DANFS. Contains no asbestos content. Complement figures differ from class-level and secondary ranges - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-02
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[4]NHHC, 'Casualties Navy and Coast Guard Ships' page (ships-lost list); and Robert J. Cressman, The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II, Chapter VI: 1944 (Naval Historical Center; HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) - both verified live 2026-10-02 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC casualties page, 'Landing Ship, Tank (LST)' section; ibiblio.org HyperWar transcription USN-Chron-1944, entry under '18 November, Sat.', Europe section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two official Navy sources conflict with DANFS on the loss date and add the location: the NHHC casualties page records 'USS LST-6 sunk by a mine in the Seine River while en route from Rouen, France, to Portland, England, 18 November 1944' (under U.S. Navy Amphibious Ships, Landing Ship, Tank); and the official Cressman chronology enters 'Tank landing ship LST-6 is sunk by mine in Seine River, France' under 18 November 1944 (Europe section). DANFS and NavSource carry 17 November 1944. The location is thus documented as the Seine River/estuary area en route Rouen-Portland; the loss date is unresolved between 17 and 18 November 1944 across official sources.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-11-17/18
- Population
- Crew at loss (1944)
- Limitations
- Resolves nothing by itself - documents an intra-NHHC date discrepancy (17 vs 18 November 1944) rather than selecting between them; DANFS is carried as the controlling entry with the variant logged. Neither source gives personnel casualty figures. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-03
-
[5]Era inference built on: NavSource LST-6 specifications (two GM 12-567A diesels, no steam plant); LST-1-class design record (BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 2 design table: 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam, 2 x GM 12-567A diesels ~1,700 shp, 11.6 kt - diesel plant, NO boilers; class-profile ev-lst-1-class-01); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block; BuShips SD-1945 v2 LST design table (via class profile ev-lst-1-class-01; shipscribe.com PDF now 404 - see search_ledger); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered tank landing ship built July-October 1942 sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era; era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were diesel-exhaust and engine-room lagging, gaskets, valve packing, deck coverings/tile, and bulkhead/accommodation insulation in the confined hull and machinery spaces. As a diesel ship she carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply; the exposure-relevant systems concentrate in the engine room, exhaust runs, and interior finishes.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942); crew (1943-44); embarked troops
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LST-6, and none is possible to confirm at a wreck in six fathoms off the Seine. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-04
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1943-44).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, standing defect since BATCH-01) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-05
-
[7]Christman v. Dravo Corp., 466 A.2d 209, 319 Pa. Super. 378 (Pa. Super. 1983) (Popovich, J.) - CourtListener opinion 1971341; corroborated at vLex (case-law.vlex.com/vid/christman-v-dravo-corp-900319710) and cetient.com case text [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion text at 466 A.2d 209, 319 Pa. Super. 378 (filed 1983-09-30); complaint paragraphs FOURTH and FIFTH as reproduced in the opinion; CourtListener opinion 1971341
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Pleading-stage asbestos allegation at this hull's builder in the exact build window: the executrix of Jacob F. Christman alleged that he 'worked for Dravo Corporation as a mechanic/welder at Neville Island, Pennsylvania' from 1942 to 1945 and 'worked with and around asbestos products believed to have been supplied by... Johns-Manville, and supplied to the decedent by Dravo Corporation'; he was diagnosed with mesothelioma 8 May 1978 and died 21 February 1979. The Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County granted Dravo summary judgment; the Superior Court of Pennsylvania affirmed 30 September 1983 - on the ground that the Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act (or the federal LHWCA) was the plaintiff's exclusive remedy against the employer. The exposure allegation was never adjudicated on the merits.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (alleged exposure); 1979-1983 (litigation)
- Population
- Dravo shipbuilding trades, mechanic/welder cohort (1942-45)
- Limitations
- Builder-yard documentation, not a hull record - and the named workplace is Dravo's Neville Island, Pennsylvania yard, NOT the Wilmington, Delaware yard that built this hull. Carried as builder-entity era context (Dravo's shipbuilding operations generated asbestos exposure claims in the 1942-45 window covering LST-6's construction), not as evidence about the Wilmington yard specifically. Classified at the less-final stage: a complaint allegation disposed of by summary judgment on an employer-immunity (exclusive-remedy) ground - a merits-level negative for that plaintiff's tort claim, NOT a finding that asbestos was or was not present. CourtListener metadata labels the deciding court 'Supreme Court of Pennsylvania'; the reporter cite (319 Pa. Super. 378) and panel composition confirm the Superior Court.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-06
-
[8]In re Dravo LLC - Derivative Claims Against Carmeuse Lime, Inc., Appeal of: Carmeuse Lime (Pa., Nos. 33-34 WAP 2024, decided 2026-05-22, Brobson, J.), official Supreme Court of Pennsylvania opinion PDF; and In re Dravo LLC, 307 A.3d 146, 2023 PA Super 268 (Pa. Super. 2023-12-19), official PDF J-A15029-23o (CourtListener opinions 10317323, 10863493) [court_record]
- Locator
- Pa. Supreme opinion PDF J-79A-2025mo (2026-05-22); Pa. Super. opinion PDF J-A15029-23o (2023 PA Super 268); Stipulation of Undisputed Facts paragraphs quoted in both
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Stipulated-record documentation of asbestos claims against this hull's builder across its operating era: since at least the early 1990s Dravo was sued in asbestos cases whose alleged 'exposure typically occurred during its operations from the 1940s through the 1980s' (Stipulation of Undisputed Facts); hundreds of asbestos claimants filed by the 13 July 2020 claim bar date in Dravo's dissolution proceedings. Disposition chain: the Allegheny County trial court granted Carmeuse Lime summary judgment on the plaintiffs' veil-piercing theory (5 October 2022); the Superior Court reversed and remanded (19 December 2023); the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania reversed the Superior Court (22 May 2026), holding veil piercing unavailable for tort claims time-barred under the LLC Act - claims against the dissolved entity's parent barred as untimely.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1990s-2026 (corporate/litigation); 1940s-1980s (alleged exposure window)
- Population
- Dravo operations-era claimants (1940s-1980s alleged exposures); Asbestos Claims consolidated in dissolution proceedings
- Limitations
- Builder-level litigation posture, not a hull record and not an exposure finding - the stipulation names Dravo's 'operations' entity-wide, not the Wilmington yard specifically, though the Wilmington yard operated inside the stipulated 1940s-1980s window (LST-6 built there July-October 1942). The appellate decisions turn on corporate-law issues (veil piercing, LLC-Act claim bars), never adjudicating asbestos conditions at any Dravo operation or aboard any vessel. Classified exactly at its disposition: affirmed defense judgment at the highest level on non-exposure grounds; the underlying asbestos claims remain unadjudicated allegations.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-07
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[9]Batch-7116 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (live); NavSource 10/16/160006; NHHC casualties list; Cressman official chronology (HyperWar); uboat.net Allied Warships; wrecksite.eu; NVR; MARAD vesselhistory; NARA catalog; Christman and In re Dravo opinions; secondary web litigation sweep; CourtListener hull-name queries (pacing-blocked - see ledger) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-6-lst6-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS LST-6 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos aboard' material touching this class is law-firm marketing content (asbestos.com and similar listicles) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built, served, and sunk entirely within the documented Navy asbestos era. Deck logs (NARA RG 24), the COM LST-GR 34 Normandy action report, and any French wreck-site/salvage records are unexamined leads. CourtListener hull-name queries remained pacing-blocked at end of session - litigation status is an open gap, not a negative result. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-08
-
[10]NARA archival leads for this hull: launch-day photographs US National Archives photos 89-G-21276 and 89-G-21277 (21 October 1942, Dravo Corp., Wilmington, DE - per NavSource captions); underway-at-Normandy photograph, US National Archives Identifier 78511370 (ref. COM LST-GR 34 Action Report of Operations, Invasion of Normandy); WWII deck logs for LST hulls, RG 24 (undigitized, NARA College Park) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160006 photo captions (citing NARA photo nos. and Identifier 78511370); NARA deck-log guidance (catalog.archives.gov JS-rendered, unfetchable this session)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ship-specific federal archival material exists for this hull: NARA holds two launch-day photographs of LST-6 (89-G-21276, 89-G-21277, taken 21 October 1942 at the Wilmington yard) and the Normandy underway photograph referenced to the Commander LST Group 34 action report for the Invasion of Normandy (NARA Identifier 78511370). The ship's WWII deck logs - which would record the November 1944 mining, casualties, and any post-loss proceedings - sit in RG 24 at NARA College Park, undigitized.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1944 records
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - identifiers located via NavSource photo captions and NARA guidance, not pulled this session; no content examined. The deck logs and action report may or may not contain materials/insurance-survey detail relevant to asbestos; nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-6-lst6-09