Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet 698-packet.md (7 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-61-lst61-pkt-698-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-61 - construction, sponsor, commissioning, European and Asiatic-Pacific service, disposal (live page verified this session) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-61 entry, full text (published 3 August 2015)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-61 was laid down on 24 June 1942 at Jeffersonville, Ind., by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Co.; launched on 8 November 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Corinne B. Redgrave; and commissioned on 5 February 1943, Lt. Norris G. Murphy, USNR, in command.' Assigned to the European theater - Sicilian occupation July 1943 and the Normandy invasion June 1944 - then the Asiatic-Pacific theater: Western Caroline Islands operation, capture and occupation of southern Palau Islands, September and October 1944. 'LST-61 was decommissioned on 5 June 1946 and was struck from the Navy list on 19 June 1946. On 2 June 1947, she was sold to the Southern Trading Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., and converted for merchant service. She was subsequently scrapped in 1960.' Earned three battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Jeffersonville Boat & Machine construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); embarked troops
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Does not name intermediate merchant-flag owners between the 1947 sale and the 1960 scrapping (MARAD status card fills that chain - see ev-03). Live NHHC page verified 2026-10-02.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-61 - timeline, specifications, campaign dates, commanding officers, disposal detail (live navsource.net page verified this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160061.htm - header block, campaign table, specifications block, commanding officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 24 June 1942 at Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Co., Jeffersonville, IN; launched 8 November 1942; commissioned USS LST-61, 5 February 1943, LT. Norris G. Murphy USNR in command. Campaign dates: Sicilian occupation 9-15 July 1943; Invasion of Normandy 6-25 June 1944; Western Caroline Islands operation, capture and occupation of southern Palau Islands 6 September-14 October 1944. Decommissioned 5 June 1946; struck from the Naval Register 19 June 1946; title transferred to the Maritime Commission (date unknown); 'sold, 3 January 1948, to Texas Petroleum Col, renamed MV Jobare'; final disposition scrapped in 1960. Three battle stars. Specifications: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full load / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; complement 13 officers + 104 enlisted, troop accommodations 16 officers + 147 enlisted; 2 LCVP; 2 x General Motors 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, 3 diesel-drive 100 kW 230 V DC ship's-service generators, 2 propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders. Commanding officers tabulated: LT Marshall (Ferry Command, 28 Jan-5 Feb 1943); Murphy (to 27 Apr 1943); Crossan (crew exchange with USS LST-73, to 25 Aug 1943); Bradbury (to Sep 1944); Price (to 15 Jul 1945); Werner (to Dec 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Jeffersonville construction trades (1942-43); crew and embarked troops (1943-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates track DANFS/MARAD but the '3 January 1948 / Texas Petroleum Co. / MV Jobare' disposal line conflicts with the official MARAD vessel status card (which shows Southern States -> Philadelphia & Southern Steamship Co. 1/53 -> Liberia 1/56) and is unverified against any primary source; flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-02
-
[4]MARAD Vessel History Database, LST-61 (Detail/9439) with digitized Vessel Status Card (image 43O_01.png) - official disposal record [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Vessel status card image https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/cards/43O_01.png (single card on file); MARAD Detail/9439 summary fields
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official U.S. Maritime Commission / MARAD vessel status card for LST-61 records the post-Navy chain: 'Surplus - Department of Navy'; operator Southern Trading Co., form of agreement 'Pur.' (purchase), 'Date and Time Delivered 5/27/47'; 'Renamed "SOUTHERN STATES."'; 'RESOLD: PHILADELPHIA & SOUTHERN STEAMSHIP CO. 1/53'; 'Converted to Bulk Carrier.'; 'Sold Foreign (Liberia) 1/56'. The database summary lists fate 'Sold - No Further Info'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1946-1960
- Population
- Merchant crews, Southern States / Philadelphia & Southern S.S. Co. service (1947-56); post-1956 foreign-flag crew
- Limitations
- Primary government disposal record for this hull; the card ends at the January 1956 Liberian sale - the 1960 scrapping location/yard is not documented on the card and neither 'Texas Petroleum Co.' nor 'MV Jobare' appears anywhere on it (NavSource-only detail, flagged in gaps). Delivery 27 May 1947 vs DANFS 'sold 2 June 1947' is a consistent contract/delivery sequence. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-03
-
[5]NHHC photo catalog, SC 190631 'Normandy Invasion, June 1944' - Army Signal Corps Collection, U.S. National Archives [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC SC 190631 catalog entry (SC series, NARA Army Signal Corps Collection); NavSource 160061.htm photo captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- An official Signal Corps photograph documents this hull at Normandy: 'LSTs and other vessels unloading at low tide at Normandy, soon after the June 1944 invasion. USS LST-55 is in the center, behind the closest barrage balloon. USS LST-61 is at right. Though dated 6 June 1944, this photograph was actually taken at least a day later.' NavSource-captioned photography additionally places LST-61 with USS LST-55 unloading cargo on Omaha Beach, June 1944, and with USS LST-197 on the beach after 6 June 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Crew and Army/Navy beach parties, Normandy, June 1944
- Limitations
- Physical-presence documentation only - establishes the hull on the Normandy beachhead during the invasion window; records no work performed and no material content. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-04
-
[6]National Archives, Special List No. 44 - List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 by-ship-number PDF, LST-61 row (live URL verified this session)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 identifies deck-log holdings for this hull: 'LST-61 9/1/1943 6/30/1945' - logbooks covering 1 September 1943 through 30 June 1945 are held in the National Archives. These are the principal ship-specific archival lead for repair, maintenance, and operational detail; contents not reviewed (logs are held physically; LST-61 logs are not in the digitized deck-log series).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Crew (1943-45, log-covered window)
- Limitations
- Holdings-list entry only - confirms the records exist at NARA, not what they contain. Coverage begins September 1943 (after the Sicily operation) and ends June 1945; earlier and later commissioned periods are not covered by the listed holdings. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-05
-
[7]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, 1945 Edition Vol. 2 - LST design groups and machinery table (shipscribe.com scan, live URL verified this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 machinery table (LST group rows: LST1-490, LST491-541, LST542-931 etc.) and LST roster (LST44-61 block)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official BuShips machinery table assigns the LST1-490 design group - which includes this hull - '2 G. M. Diesel, 12-567A ... 1,700' (two General Motors 12-567A diesels, 1,700 shp). The table shows no boiler plant for the LST1-490 group (the only boilered LST entry is the later LST1153 turbine design, a different class). The Vol. 2 roster lists LST44-61 as a block with no loss/transfer annotation - consistent with this hull surviving the war.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Class-level context
- Limitations
- Design-group and roster data, not a hull-specific record: documents the class machinery fit, not materials installed aboard LST-61. Contains no asbestos content. Scanned Google copy hosted on shipscribe.com; the URL cited in the class profile (/styles/usnaux/sdb/) is stale - the live path is /pubs/.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-06
-
[8]National Park Service, 'Role of the LSTs (Landing Ship Tank) in WW II Amphibious Operations' (Park History Program presentation by Carlos Luna) - retrieved via Wayback capture 2025-04-17; live URL currently serves an HTML shell, not the file [nps]
- Locator
- LST.pptx slides 3-5 (design, builder table, production), slide 13 (ratings table), slide 14 (losses)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NPS builder table assigns 'Jeffersonville Boat, Jeffersonville, IN - LST 61-84, 117-121, 181, 501-510, 523-530, 682-729, 797-805, 861-873, 1096-1100' - LST-61 is the lead hull of the Jeffersonville production block. The deck documents the class design (328 ft, 50 ft beam, ~3,880 t, endurance 12,000 nm at 10 kt), 'over 1050 ships were produced during the war', 'only 37 were lost during the war', and a wartime ratings table totaling 7 officers + 104 enlisted. The same table is cited by Wikipedia's 'List of United States Navy LSTs' as its builder-block source.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Class-level context; Jeffersonville yard workforce
- Limitations
- Class/program-level material, not a hull record; complement figure (7 officers) conflicts with NavSource's 13 officers - wartime variance carried in gaps. Live nps.gov URL returned an HTML wrapper rather than the .pptx on 2026-10-02; content verified from the Wayback capture (labeled archived). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v2 machinery table (diesel LST1-490 group); NavSource specifications; GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-use window; LST-1 class profile (class-f) design review [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 machinery table; NavSource 160061.htm specifications; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; class-f lst-1-class.class.json design review
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1942-43 amphibious auxiliary built inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era would have carried era-standard applications for the type: diesel exhaust lagging and gaskets around the GM engines and engine-room uptakes, thermal/acoustic insulation in machinery spaces, valve and flange gaskets and packing, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, electrical insulation, and winch/crane brake linings. As a diesel-powered ship she carried no boilers - the boiler/turbine steam-lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. Her 1947 merchant conversion (bulk carrier) and 1960 scrapping predate modern ACM-handling regulation; any conversion or breakup disturbance of era insulation is undocumented.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Jeffersonville construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); conversion yard and merchant crew (1947-56); 1960 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, work package, or survey located for LST-61. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity, no manufacturer attribution. Does not establish individual exposure or present-day conditions (hull scrapped 1960).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 highlights (published 18 Oct 1979)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed Navy efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering 'the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities'; per GAO the Navy's 1975 policy removed/replaced only damaged or repair-driven asbestos insulation, modified in 1979 to selectively replace insulation in high-maintenance areas. This spans the era in which this hull was built (1942) and scrapped (1960), entirely before the substitution window of the early 1970s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk naval shipyards, not Jeffersonville. Full 26-page PDF blocked to automated fetch (HTTP 403 via direct fetch; product-page highlights retrieved via firecrawl).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-09
-
[11]Disposal-record cross-check: MARAD vessel status card 43O_01.png (primary) vs NavSource disposal line (secondary) vs DANFS disposal sentence (official Navy) [other_primary]
- Locator
- MARAD card 43O_01.png; NavSource 160061.htm disposal line; DANFS LST-61 disposal sentence
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION FLAG, not a resolved fact: NavSource's disposal line - 'title transferred to the Maritime Commission, date unknown; sold, 3 January 1948, to Texas Petroleum Col, renamed MV Jobare' - is uncorroborated and partly inconsistent with the official MARAD vessel status card, which shows the ship delivered to Southern Trading Co. 27 May 1947, renamed Southern States, resold to Philadelphia & Southern Steamship Co. 1/53, converted to bulk carrier, and sold foreign (Liberia) 1/56, with no Texas Petroleum or Jobare entry. A post-1956 Liberian-flag renaming is possible but undocumentated; the 3 January 1948 sale date is incompatible with the card's continuing U.S. entries through 1956. DANFS (sold to Southern Trading Co., scrapped 1960) is consistent with the card. Carried: MARAD card chain + DANFS; Jobare detail held as unverified.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1947-1960
- Population
- Merchant crews 1947-60; shipbreakers 1960
- Limitations
- Corrects/qualifies a circulating secondary-source disposal claim, not a material claim. Possibility of a post-1956 Jobare renaming under foreign flag cannot be excluded from the card alone; Lloyd's-type merchant registers would be the verification lead. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-10
-
[12]Batch-7128 search ledger (this record): live DANFS; NavSource; MARAD vessel status card; NHHC photo SC 190631; BuShips SDB 1945 v2; NPS LST deck (archived); GAO HRD-80-2; CourtListener authenticated searches; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-61-lst61-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LST-61 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener (authenticated, type=o and type=r): 'LST-61' opinion search returned 0 hits; 'USS LST-61' opinion search returned 0 hits; 'LST-61' docket search returned 6 hits, all OCR-noise matches inside unrelated non-asbestos cases (Social Security, bankruptcy, securities, voting-rights exhibits) - classified name collisions, none naming the vessel. 'USS LST-61' docket-index search was throttled by the fleet-wide request pacer at report time (open, not a negative result - marginal coverage, since 'LST-61' docket results subsume it). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; 'asbestos aboard LST-61' material is law-firm/marketing content only (excluded sources). No shipyard-level asbestos survey for Jeffersonville Boat & Machine was located - NIOSH reports at successor Jeffboat are 2000s ergonomics/weld-fume studies, not asbestos evaluations.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era construction makes some asbestos-containing materials likely, but nothing ship-specific documents it. RECAP docket coverage is itself partial (PACER-dependent), and one docket-index variant query remained throttled at report time. Deck logs, war diaries, builder work packages, and the 1947 conversion/1960 scrapping records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-61-lst61-11