Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 730-packet.md (3 sources cited) [museum_official]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (specialist-secondary sourcing disclosed)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (specialist-secondary sourcing disclosed)
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-816-lst816-pkt-730-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-816 (NHHC live page, verified 2026-10-03) - construction, sponsor, commissioning, campaigns, occupation duty, decommissioning, disposal [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative, full entry (live page)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-816 was laid down on 2 September 1944 at Evansville, Ind., by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched on 11 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Walter Smith; and commissioned on 2 November 1944, Lt. Charles Danziger, USNR, in command.' Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater; 'participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima in March and April 1945 and the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in May and June 1945.' Occupation duty in the Far East until early April 1946; decommissioned 29 June 1946; struck from the Navy list 31 July 1946; 'on 27 May 1948, the tank landing ship was sold to the Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa., for scrapping.' Two battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades, Evansville (1944); ship's company (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; contains no asbestos or material content. DANFS gives campaign months, not day-ranges (day-level dates come from NavSource, ev-02). Names the scrapping buyer's corporate entity and city (Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, PA) but not the yard where the hull was actually broken.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-816 (navsource.net 160816.htm, verified live 2026-10-03) - unit assignment, campaign date-ranges, occupation periods, commanding officers, specifications, awards [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160816.htm header block, campaign/occupation tables, specifications block, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull confirms DANFS milestones (laid down 2 Sep 1944 Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron, Evansville; launched 11 Oct 1944; commissioned 2 Nov 1944, Lt. Charles Danziger, USNR) and adds: unit assignment LST Flotilla Twenty-Five (Capt. H.E. Richter USN), LST Group Seventy-Four (Cdr. J.G. Farnsworth), LST Division One Hundred Forty-Seven; campaign date-ranges - Iwo Jima operation 15 March-14 April 1945, Okinawa Gunto operation 30 May-18 June 1945; Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp) qualifying periods 9-25 September 1945, 16 October-1 November 1945, 18 November 1945-10 April 1946; ribbon display including Combat Action Ribbon (Iwo Jima); commanding officers Lt. Charles Danziger (2 Nov 1944-19 Dec 1945) and Lt.(jg) Edward J. O'Keefe, USNR (19 Dec 1945-29 Jun 1946). Specifications: 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam, 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full, 11.6 kt trial; propulsion two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-drive 100 kW 230 V DC ship's-service generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders; complement 13 officers/104 enlisted plus troop accommodations 16 officers/147 enlisted; 2 LCVP.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades, Evansville (1944); ship's company ~117 officers/enlisted plus embarked troops (1944-46); Bethlehem scrapping workforce (1948)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates track DANFS exactly here and its spec block is the standard LST-542 class data. Contains no asbestos content. CO table lists Danziger 'USN' while the commissioning line and DANFS say USNR - component discrepancy immaterial, not asserted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-02
-
[4]Consolidated era inference built on: BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 2 LST design table and roster (shipscribe.com scan - 2 x GM 12-567A diesels, LST-542 design grouping); NavSource specification block (diesel plant, no boilers); era amphibious-ship construction practice; shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos-product list for the Bethlehem Shipbuilding yard family (scrapping-buyer context) [other_primary]
- Locator
- BuShips SDB-1945 v2 LST design table (class profile ev-lst-1-class-01); NavSource spec block; shipyards.json yard_id bethlehem-shipbuilding
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An LST-542-group tank landing ship built September-November 1944 sits inside the WWII mass-production era when the federal government had reserved asbestos supply for shipbuilding and era-standard marine applications contained asbestos fiber. For this diesel-powered class (no boilers), the asbestos-relevant applications were: diesel-exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, valve packing, and winch/crane brake linings. The 1948 breakup at a Bethlehem Steel facility additionally placed any installed material in the path of an unregulated shipbreaking workforce.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- MVB&I construction trades, Evansville (1944); ship's company and embarked troops (1944-46); Bethlehem scrapping workforce (1948)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for LST-816. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; establishes no quantities and no exposure for any individual. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull. The Bethlehem-product context is documented for Bethlehem's shipbuilding yards generally - the break site for this hull is unestablished.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-03
-
[5]National Park Service, 'Places of WWII History in Evansville, IN' - Evansville Shipyard section (verified live 2026-10-03) [nps]
- Locator
- NPS article, 'Evansville Shipyard' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS documents the production environment this hull came from: the Navy built Evansville Shipyard on 40 acres on the city's west side, announced February 1942; Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron began LST production within four months. Evansville was the 'world's largest inland producer of ocean-going ships'; by February 1945 the yard had produced 167 LSTs at a 1944 rate of one ship every four days, plus 13 ammunition lighters and 17 oceangoing barges. The last ship launched 12 December 1945; in January 1946 a fire destroyed Evansville Shipyard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- MVB&I Evansville Shipyard workforce (1942-1945)
- Limitations
- Builder-environment documentation only - does not name LST-816 and contains no asbestos or material content. The January 1946 yard fire is relevant to records survival: the builder's physical plant (and any on-site records kept with it) was destroyed about 14 months after this hull was built; the fire postdates production (last launch 12 December 1945), so no hulls were in-build when it burned.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-04
-
[6]Woolsey v. Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co., 119 Ind. App. 391, 88 N.E.2d 54 (Ind. App. 1949), No. 17,878, filed Oct. 17, 1949, Royse, J. (opinion text via exa.ai aggregator; reporter parallel cite per legal index - see limitations) [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion text, exa.ai aggregator copy (verified live 2026-10-03)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- The only occupational-disease court proceeding located tied to this hull's builder during its build window: the estate of Elbert Woolsey, employed by Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron 'as a pipe fitter in the compartment of ships from June 21, 1944 to November 11, 1944,' sought compensation under the Indiana Workmen's Occupational Diseases Act, alleging death (29 October 1945) from inhaling fumes and gases from welding galvanized metal. The Industrial Board (two members dissenting) found no occupational disease arising out of the employment; the Court of Appeals affirmed the denial. Woolsey's employment window (21 Jun-11 Nov 1944) brackets this hull's entire construction period at the yard (laid down 2 Sep, launched 11 Oct, commissioned 2 Nov 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1949
- Population
- MVB&I pipe fitters and compartment trades, Evansville (1944)
- Limitations
- Litigation-stage discipline: this is a merits-level LOSS for the claimant (Board denial affirmed) - not an exposure finding against the yard, and not an asbestos claim at all (alleged agent: galvanized-metal welding fumes). It does not name LST-816 or any specific hull; the Indiana Industrial Board forum places it at the Evansville yard (the company's only Indiana facility) though the opinion does not name the yard site. Value is builder-era occupational-health litigation context documenting interior-compartment work conditions, not exposure evidence. Reporter parallel cite carried as 88 N.E.2d 54 per legal index; the aggregator text prints '87 N.E. 2d 54' - variant unresolved. CourtListener availability unverified (quota-blocked this session).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - a program finding that spans this hull's entire construction (1944) and service era (1944-46), though this hull was scrapped in 1948, decades before the protective programs GAO reviewed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - LST-816's 1948 disposal predates every management action in the report. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed this session) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-06
-
[8]Batch-7356 search ledger (this record): DANFS live page; NavSource 160816 and 161080; NVR (pre-1987 exclusion); NPS Evansville article; Woolsey opinion via exa.ai aggregator; shipyards.json cross-check; GAO product page; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep; NARA deck-log lead [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-816-lst816-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LST-816 was found in the public sources searched. The hull was scrapped in 1948 - before OSHA, before the Navy asbestos-management programs GAO later reviewed, and before the asbestos-litigation era - so no regulatory documentation trail is expected to exist. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the fleet-authenticated helper reported the shared daily quota exhausted (~10 h to reset); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; 'asbestos aboard' content is confined to law-firm marketing listicles asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 combat amphibian is era-consistent with installed asbestos materials, and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run). Deck logs, BuShips work packages, and the Bethlehem scrapping-contract records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-07
-
[9]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Pender County (LST-1080) page (navsource.net 161080.htm, verified live 2026-10-03) - ROKS Hwa San identity [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/161080.htm header designation line and final-disposition entries
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- DISAMBIGUATION: the designation 'LST-816' appears in post-1958 records for a DIFFERENT hull. NavSource documents that ex-USS Pender County (LST-1080, Bethlehem-Hingham built 1945) was transferred to the Republic of Korea in October 1958, renamed ROKS Hwa San (LST-816), later renumbered LST-679, struck from the Naval Register 6 February 1959 (US side), and in 2012 opened as a museum ship at SapKyoHo National Sightseeing Resort, Dangjin-Gun, Chung Nam Province, South Korea. Any 'LST-816 museum ship,' 'LST-816 South Korea,' or 'LST-816 Vietnam-service' hit refers to ex-LST-1080 - not this hull, which was scrapped in 1948.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1958-2012 (collision window)
- Limitations
- Corrects a lookup hazard, not a material claim - prevents conflation of this record with ex-LST-1080/ROKS Hwa San search results (including the Korean museum ship, whose hazmat/survey records would describe a different hull). NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation; its transfer-date detail (October 1958) differs by months from secondary sources saying January 1959 - unmaterial here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-08
-
[10]NARA deck-log lead (RG 24) and NHHC photographic holdings for LST-816 (NavSource captions credit NHHC photo NH 84697 via the Vallejo Naval and Historical Museum; launch-series photos by Jack Rusche, Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160816.htm photo-caption credits (NH 84697; Jack Rusche series); NARA RG 24 series (lead)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for this hull's physical-record trail: NHHC holds photo NH 84697 (ship at anchor, probably San Francisco Bay, circa 1945-46, per NavSource caption crediting the Vallejo Naval and Historical Museum); builder-photographer Jack Rusche's launch/commissioning series for Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron documents the christening and 2 November 1944 commissioning party; WWII deck logs for LST-816 (1944-46) would sit in NARA RG 24 deck-log holdings at College Park - digitization status unverified.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: photographs establish appearance and the commissioning event, not material content or work records; NARA digitization status for this hull's deck logs was not confirmed this session (catalog.archives.gov JS-rendered/API unfetchable). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-816-lst816-09