Evidence
16 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-16).
-
[1]research packet 836-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-930-lst930-pkt-836-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-930 - construction at Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Hingham MA; sponsor; commissioning; Iwo Jima and Okinawa Gunto campaigns; LSTH-930 redesignation; occupation duty; decommissioning, striking, and 1948 sale to Humble Oil & Refining Co. (live NHHC page, verified 2026-10-03; UA-gated, fetched via Firecrawl) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative, LST-930 entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'laid down on 9 June 1944 at Hingham, Mass., by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc.; launched on 12 July 1944; sponsored by Mrs. C. M. Rocca; and commissioned on 6 August 1944, Lt. F. W. Grabowski in command.' Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater; participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima in February 1945 and the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto from April through June 1945. Redesignated LSTH-930 on 15 September 1945; performed occupation duty in the Far East until late October 1945; returned to the United States; decommissioned 26 June 1946; struck from the Navy list 31 July 1946; sold 8 June 1948 to the Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Tex., 'for operation.' Two battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); ship's company (1944-46); embarked troops; casualties handled after LST(H) conversion (1945)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. DANFS does not name a class in this entry's prose; class assignment (LST-542) comes from the NavSource header and standard references. DANFS gives campaign participation at month granularity (Iwo Jima 'February 1945'; Okinawa 'April through June 1945') - NavSource's campaign table supplies the day-level dates. 'Sold ... for operation' documents a commercial sale, not scrapping; subsequent fate is not stated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST(H)-930 ex USS LST-930 (10/16/160930.htm, last updated 2 July 2021) - designation sequence, call sign, unit assignments, specifications, campaign and occupation tables, commanding-officer list, captioned photography (live page, verified 2026-10-03 via Firecrawl) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160930.htm header block, awards/campaign/occupation tables, specifications block, photo captions, commanding-officer list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource header identifies this hull as a '542-Class Tank Landing Ship', ex USS LST-930 (1944-1945), call sign NVSF. Unit assignment: LST Flotilla Six (CAPT. Laidlaw USN), LST Group Eighteen (CDR. P. Neikum USNR Ret.), LST Division Thirty-Five. Campaign table: Iwo Jima operation, assault and occupation of Iwo Jima, 19 to 28 February 1945; Okinawa operation, assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 1 April to 28 June 1945. Redesignated Landing Ship Tank (Hospital) LST(H)-930, 15 September 1945. Navy Occupation Service periods: 20 September-3 October 1945 and 15-28 October 1945. Commanding-officer table: LT. Frank Walter Grabowski, USN, 6 August 1944 - 26 June 1946 (the entire commission - consistent with DANFS's commissioning CO). Specifications: displacement 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft o.a.; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt trial; endurance 24,000 mi at 9 kt; complement 13 officers + 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers + 147 enlisted; two General Motors 12-567A 900-hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders, three diesel-driven 100-kW 230 V DC ship-service generators; 2 LCVP. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (2), World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp). Photo captions: LST(H)-930 at anchor; LST(H)-930 at anchor off the Okinawa beachhead during a Japanese air raid while a bomb hits a nearby gasoline barge (USCG photo 26-G-4514, NARA 205586325); and a USMC photo of the 3 June 1945 Iheya landing (NARA 74252365) listing LST-930 among the transporting LSTs. Final disposition per NavSource: 'sold for operations, 8 June 1948, to Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, TX., fate unknown.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); ship's company (1944-46); embarked troops incl. 8th Marine RCT elements at Iheya; embarked casualties after LST(H) conversion
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS but the spec block is unattributed and armament figures are the class's 'ultimate armament design,' not an outfit record for this hull. The photo ship-attributions are NavSource's/donors', not NARA's (see ev-05). Contains no asbestos content. 'Fate unknown' after the 1948 commercial sale is NavSource's characterization - no post-sale registry record was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-02
-
[4]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' - wartime administrative-organization tabulation (live NHHC page, verified 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC online reading room, Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, LST FLOTILLA SIX / LST GROUP 18 / LST DIVISION 35 table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official Pacific Fleet organization list for 1 May 1945 places 'LST 930' in LST DIVISION 35 of LST GROUP 18 (Comdr. P. Neikum, Jr., USN-Ret.), under LST FLOTILLA SIX (Capt. J. S. Laidlaw), alongside LSTs 756 (GF), 928, 929, 1031, and 1032 - corroborating NavSource's unit assignment (Flotilla Six / Group Eighteen / Division Thirty-Five) with a contemporaneous administrative document, and naming Lt. F. W. Grabowski as this hull's officer in command.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- LST Flotilla 6 / Group 18 / Division 35 staffs and unit crews (1945)
- Limitations
- Administrative unit listing only - establishes the formation assignment and commanding officer on 1 May 1945, not materials, manning detail, or operations. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-03
-
[5]NARA catalog record NAID 77514495 (RG 38, Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; series: WWII War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories), 'USS LST-930 - Rep of opers in the invasions of Iheya Shima & Aguni Shima, Ryukyu Islands, 6/3-6/45' (live catalog page, verified 2026-10-03; 2 digitized images) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/77514495; images A_1898/0159-0160; NavSource 160930.htm photo table for the Iheya ship list
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A ship-titled digitized action report exists for this hull: 'USS LST-930 - Report of operations in the invasions of Iheya Shima & Aguni Shima, Ryukyu Islands, 6/3-6/45,' dated 17 June 1945 (catalog metadata: Micro Serial 144166, Serial 05), two images digitized from Fold3 microfilm. This documents LST-930's participation in the 3-6 June 1945 Iheya Shima and Aguni Shima landings north of Okinawa - the operation for which NavSource carries the USMC photograph (NARA 74252365) listing LST-747, LST-724, and LST-930 as the transporting LSTs of the Eighth Marine Regimental Combat Team.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-06
- Population
- Ship's company; embarked 8th Marine RCT elements (June 1945)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific primary operational record - the strongest hull-level document located this session. Catalog metadata and file-unit title verified; report image contents not transcribed this session (2 pages available online). Operational record only; no asbestos or material content expected. 'Supporting' role attaches to vessel history, not to any asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-04
-
[6]NARA still-picture catalog record NAID 205586325 (RG 26, Records of the U.S. Coast Guard; local ID 26-G-4514; USCG photo #4514), 'Jap Bomb Touches Off Gasoline Barge Off Okinawa' (live catalog page, verified 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/205586325, original caption text; NavSource 160930.htm photo table for the ship attribution
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized USCG combat photograph documenting an operational moment of the campaign this hull participated in: NARA's original caption reads, 'From his battle station on a Coast Guard-manned LST, a crewman watches a flash of flame burst from the bow of a gasoline barge as Japanese planes score a direct hit in an attack upon the American task force off the coast of Okinawa.' NavSource captions this same image as showing USS LST(H)-930 at anchor off the Okinawa beachhead relatively close to the burning barge.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Task-force crews standing off the Okinawa beachhead (April-June 1945)
- Limitations
- Ship attribution rests on NavSource/photo-donor captioning, not on NARA - the catalog's original caption identifies the photographer's platform only as 'a Coast Guard-manned LST' and names no ship. LST-930 was Navy-manned (LT. Grabowski USN), so if NavSource's identification of the anchored ship is correct, the camera platform was a different, Coast Guard-manned LST. Operational/photographic context only; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-05
-
[7]NARA catalog searches 'LST-930' (186 digitized file units, fuzzy) and 'USS LST-930' (44 fuzzy file units) - RG 38 WWII War Diaries-dominated, including the ship-level action report NAID 77514495 and COM LST GR 18 group war diary for October 1944 (NAID 78697782) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov searches 'LST-930' (186 results) and 'USS LST-930' (44 results); NAID 77514495 (action report); NAID 78697782 (COM LST GR 18, 10/44); NAID 118967604 (RG 24 index range)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized records covering this hull and its parent formation exist: beyond the ship-titled Iheya/Aguni Shima action report (ev-04), the 'USS LST-930' query returns COM LST GR 18 - War Diary, 10/1-31/44 (NAID 78697782) for the hull's parent group, the RG 24 muster-roll index range covering this hull (NAID 118967604, 'USS LSM-144 to USS LST-1005'), and scattered other units' diaries and station muster rolls. LST-930 was a unit of LST Flotilla 6 / Group 18 / Division 35 (NavSource; NHHC fleet-organization document), so group diaries are the primary series for ship movements beyond the single action report.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- LST Group 18 staff and unit crews (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: catalog metadata and file-unit titles verified; individual diary contents not read this session. No digitized ship-level USS LST-930 war diary, deck log, or muster roll was located beyond the single Iheya/Aguni Shima action report - the hull's month-to-month record rests in the COM LST GR 18 group diaries and undigitized RG 24 records. No asbestos content expected in operational diaries.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-06
-
[8]MARAD Vessel History Database, LST-930 (Detail/9563) - stub data fields plus one digitized MARAD/Commerce Department vessel status card (cards/4C4_01.png) (live page and card image verified 2026-10-03) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov ShipHistory/Detail/9563, all tabs; status card image vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/cards/4C4_01.png
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD's vessel-history database entry for this hull is a stub - specification fields blank, 'Year Built' the database's 9999 placeholder, fate coded 'Sold - No Further Info' - but it carries one genuine primary artifact: a digitized vessel status card headed 'Navy Surplus' showing the hull at Suisun Bay (NDRF lay-up location) and the entry 'Sold to Humble Oil & Refining Co.' with delivered date 6/8/48 - documenting that the hull lay up at Suisun Bay after decommissioning and was delivered to Humble Oil & Refining Co. on 8 June 1948, consistent with DANFS.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1946-1948
- Population
- NDRF Suisun Bay caretaker crews (1946-48); Humble Oil conversion/operation crews (1948-?)
- Limitations
- Stub-quality index record upgraded by one status card: confirms NDRF custody at Suisun Bay and the 8 June 1948 delivery to Humble Oil, but records nothing after delivery - no commercial name, no subsequent fate, no scrapping record. 'Year Built 9999' is a placeholder, not data. No asbestos or hazmat content; the 1948 private sale predates modern ACM-handling regulation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: DANFS construction record (Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, 1944); NavSource specifications (LST-542 class, GM 12-567A diesel plant); Fleischer et al. 1946 PHS survey (ev-09); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Fleischer et al. 1946 (PMID 21016030); GAO HRD-80-2 product page; DANFS/NavSource construction and spec records
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A tank landing ship built Jun-Aug 1944 in a Navy-contract yard sits inside the documented wartime asbestos-construction era: the PHS industrial-hygiene survey of pipe covering in naval-vessel construction found amosite asbestos was 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels,' with asbestos cloth and asbestos cement also used; GAO documented asbestos thermal insulation as the Navy's major shipboard asbestos use through the early 1970s. Era-standard applications aboard a diesel landing ship of this type and period were pipe and machinery insulation/lagging, diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical cable insulation, winch/windlass brake linings, and interior finish materials in quarters and mess spaces - including the added hospital/accommodation fit-out after the September 1945 LST(H) conversion. Diesel plant - no boilers aboard.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); ship's company (1944-46); 1945 hospital-conversion yard workers; NDRF caretakers (1946-48); Humble Oil crews (1948-?)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, conversion work package, or commercial-era record located for LST-930. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-08
-
[10]Fleischer WE, Viles FJ Jr, Gade RL, Drinker P, 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1946 Jan;28:9-16 (PMID 21016030) - U.S. Public Health Service industrial-hygiene survey of two Government Navy yards and two Navy contract yards [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030 (verified via NCBI E-utilities); article text pp. 9-16 (pipe-covering materials section; X-ray results)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Wartime government survey documenting the asbestos regime inside naval-vessel construction: amosite asbestos was 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels,' valued for low thermal conductivity, light weight, and refractoriness; asbestos cloth and asbestos cement were likewise used. X-ray examination of 1,074 pipe coverers across four yards found three asbestosis cases, each with 20+ years in the trade. Surveyed operations (layout and cutting, band-saw cutting, cement mixing, installing, sewing asbestos cloth, stuffing with amosite) generated the era's principal insulation-trade dust exposure.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (survey era)
- Population
- Navy yard and contract-yard pipe coverers/insulators (wartime)
- Limitations
- Era-level occupational survey, not a hull record: the four yards are anonymized (Navy Yards A-B, Contract Yards C-D), and Hingham and LSTs are not named - pipe covering was principally a steam-plant application, so the asbestos cloth/cement and general-insulation findings carry the weight for a diesel hull. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, or quantity. Citation metadata re-verified 2026-10-03 via NCBI E-utilities (esummary 21016030); the pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov page itself is reCAPTCHA-gated to automated fetch.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that all Navy ships contained some asbestos in components such as clutches and electric cables, and that asbestos thermal insulation was the Navy's major asbestos use aboard ships; the Navy did not substitute alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s and adopted removal policies only in 1975/1979 - postdating this hull's entire Navy career (built 1944, struck 1946, sold 1948).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, reconfirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description and report abstract.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-10
-
[12]Batch-7473 search ledger (this record): live NHHC DANFS; NavSource; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization document; NARA catalog (two queries + ship-level action report NAID 77514495 + two photo records); MARAD vessel-history entry with status card; NVR; BVA decisions index; GAO product page; PubMed/NCBI E-utilities; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation/fate sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-930-lst930-01 through -19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LST-930 / LST(H)-930 was found in the public sources searched, and no hull record exists after the 1948 commercial sale (NavSource: 'fate unknown'). CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated API reported the shared daily quota exhausted (server-requested wait ~7.7 h); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. The BVA decisions index returned no results for 'LST-930'; the Naval Vessel Register carries no entry; secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case - only a Facebook obituary of a Navy veteran listing LST-930 among his ships (non-qualifying secondary), an American Legion directory listing an 'LST-930' chapter, and the NHHC fleet-organization page (carried as ev-03).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run). COM LST GR 18 war diaries, the digitized ship-level action report (2 images, untranscribed), RG 24 deck logs/muster rolls, and any post-1948 commercial records under Humble Oil ownership are undigitized or unsearched leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-930-lst930-11
-
[13]Wikipedia article 'USS LST-930' (incorporates public-domain DANFS text; CC BY-SA; cites NavSource and ShipbuildingHistory; live page verified 2026-10-11, HTTP 200) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LST-542-class tank landing ship, unnamed (properly referred to by hull number): Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, Massachusetts, yard 3400; laid down 9 Jun 1944; launched 12 Jul 1944; commissioned 6 Aug 1944; code letters NVSF. Asiatic-Pacific theater: assault and occupation of Iwo Jima (19-28 Feb 1945) and Okinawa Gunto (1 Apr-30 Jun 1945); LST Flotilla 6. Redesignated LST(H)-930 15 Sep 1945; Far East occupation duty; decommissioned 26 Jun 1946; struck 31 Jul 1946; sold 8 Jun 1948 to Humble Oil and Refining Co., Houston, Texas, for operation. 2 battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-h-930-lsth930-ev01
-
[14]GlobalSecurity.org: 'LST(H) -- Landing Ship, Tank (Casualty Evacuation)' (live page verified 2026-10-11, HTTP 200) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Operational-role context for 930's redesignation: at Iwo Jima (where LST-930 fought in Feb 1945), four LST(H)s served as evacuation-control ships, one per invasion beach; on D-Day 19 Feb 1945 LST(H)s evacuated 2,230 casualties 0900-1530; each LST(H) carried ~4-5 surgeons and 26-35 corpsmen and could care for ~220 patients on the tank deck plus 150-175 in troop quarters.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-h-930-lsth930-ev02
-
[15]NavSource Online Tank Landing Ship LST page (USS LST-928, LST-542-class sister ship; class specifications section; live page, HTTP 200) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LST-542-class machinery specifications as documented for sister ship LST-928: two General Motors 12-567A 900hp diesel engines, single Falk main reduction gears, three diesel-drive 100kW 230V DC ship's service generators, two propellers, 1,700 shp. Diesel propulsion and generator machinery spaces are asbestos-relevant equipment areas; LST-930 was the same class and builder family.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-h-930-lsth930-ev03
-
[16]Wikipedia article 'USS LST-930' infobox (CC BY-SA; live page verified 2026-10-11, HTTP 200) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Particulars: 1,625 lt light / 4,080 lt full load; 328 ft oa x 50 ft; installed power 2x 900 hp Electro-Motive Diesel 12-567A, 1,800 shp; Falk main reduction gears, 2 propellers; speed 11.6 kn; range 24,000 nmi at 9 kn; complement 13 officers, 104 enlisted; troops 16/147; 2 LCVPs; ultimate armament 2x twin 40mm, 4x single 40mm, 12x 20mm. Built by Bethlehem-Hingham, a high-volume WWII LST yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- Infobox particulars are class-standard; hull-specific dates/awards verified via DANFS-derived service section.
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-h-930-lsth930-ev04