Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 838-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-951-lst951-pkt-838-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS Vol. VII (1981), LST-951 entry (verbatim transcription via historycentral.com mirror; live NHHC page returned 404 on both /danfs/l/lst-951.html and /danfs/l/LST-951.html) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- historycentral.com/navy/patrol/31.html 'History of LST - 951-999', LST-951 paragraph (DANFS Vol. VII pp. 569-731 series)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'LST-951 was laid down on 8 September 1944 at Hingham, Mass., by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc.; launched on 7 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. O. P. Thomas, Jr.; and commissioned on 31 October 1944, Lt. L. J. Kelly in command. During World War II, LST-951 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto from April through June 1945. On 15 September 1945, she was redesignated LST(H)-951 and performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid-January 1946. She was decommissioned on 8 August 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 25 September that same year. On 14 June 1948, the ship was sold to the Walter W. Johnson Co. for scrapping. LST-951 earned one battle star for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Quoted text normalized from the mirror's OCR artifacts ('World War 11', 'Mrs. 0. P. Thomas', 'LSTH- 951'). Wikipedia's summary of this entry carries a 'mid-January 1945' typo for occupation duty - NavSource occupation-service periods (through 20 January 1946) and the August 1946 decommission establish the correct year is 1946. Live NHHC DANFS page 404s (standing NHHC link rot, cf. BATCH-01); canonical URL remains https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/l/lst-951.html pending re-location.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST(H)-951 ex-USS LST-951 (10/16/160951) - unit assignments, campaign record, occupation periods, commanding officers, specifications, NHHC photo reference (verified live, HTTP 200) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160951.htm - header block, campaign/occupation tables, commanding-officer table, specifications block, photo caption (NH 84708)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: LST-542-class tank landing ship, call sign NKES; assigned to LST Flotilla Twenty-Five (CAPT H.E. Richter), LST Group Seventy-Five (CDR G.W. Stringer), LST Division One Hundred Forty-Nine; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign credit 'Okinawa Gunto operation - Assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 1 April to 30 June 1945'; Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp) periods 6-23 September 1945 and 8 December 1945 - 20 January 1946; one battle star. Commanding officers: Lt. Leonard J. Kelly USN (31 Oct 1944 - Dec 1945), LTjg. James L. Macomber USNR (Dec 1945 - Jan 1946), Lt. Kelly (Jan 1946 - Jun 1946), LTjg. Walter F. Ludwig Jr. USNR (Jun - Jul 1946), Lt. William R. Finger USN (Jul - 8 Aug 1946). Spec block: 328' oa, 50' beam, 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching, 11.6 kt, complement 13 officers + 104 enlisted, troops 16 officers + 147 enlisted, 2 LCVP, armament 2 twin + 4 single 40mm and 12 single 20mm, two GM diesel engines 1,700 shp. Photograph USNHHC Photo # NH 84708 shows the ship at anchor circa 1945-46.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Crew (1944-46); embarked troops; casualties and embarked medical staff under LST(H) designation (1945-46)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS. Spec block is class-generic: it lists GM 12-567A engines while BuShips SDB-1945 v2 assigns this hull's block (LST-932-979) the GM 12-278A variant - conflict logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-02
-
[4]ShipbuildingHistory (T. Colton compilation), 'Bethlehem-Hingham, Hingham MA' - yard history and per-hull build table (verified live) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Bethlehem-Hingham yard page, hull table row 3421
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's table row for this hull: yard hull no. 3421, type LST-951, fiscal year 1943 contract, keel laid 8 September 1944, launched 7 October 1944, delivered 31 October 1944 - 29 days on the ways, 24 days in the water, 53 days total. Yard context per the same source: Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyards, Inc. was built in 1941 for destroyer-escort construction with $35M in Navy funding, had 16 building ways, was managed by Bethlehem Quincy (Fore River), employed over 23,000 people at peak, and was closed and liquidated after the war.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); Walter W. Johnson Co. shipbreakers (1947/48)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation, not a primary registry - build dates match DANFS/NavSource. Disposition column reads 'Scrapped 1947', which conflicts with DANFS's documented sale date of 14 June 1948 (a hull cannot be scrapped before it is sold); DANFS date carried, conflict logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-03
-
[5]Tadlock & Sobocinski, 'US Navy Surgical Teams Fight to Save Lives on WWII Amphibious Warships,' ACS Bulletin (American College of Surgeons), Vol. 110 No. 5 (May 2025) - LST(H) conversion detail (verified live) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- ACS Bulletin May 2025, 'US Ship LST-464' section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Documents what an LST(H) hospital conversion physically entailed aboard a sister ship: USS LST(H)-464 carried 60 hospital bunk beds in triple tiers plus four surgical beds, an operating room, sterilizing room, dental office, laboratory, dressing room, and x-ray room, later adding a ward, sick officer quarters, outpatient spaces, and a formal medical stock room; core staff six medical officers and 35 hospital corpsmen. The Navy began adapting LSTs for medical use in the Pacific Theater in 1943; this hull's own LST(H)-951 redesignation (15 September 1945, per DANFS/NavSource) placed her in that conversion program.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (program); 1945-46 (this hull's designation window)
- Population
- LST(H) conversion yard trades; embarked medical staff and casualties (type-level)
- Limitations
- Class/era documentation describing LST(H)-464's fit, not this hull's: no conversion work-order, yard record, or fitout inventory was located for LST(H)-951. Whether the physical conversion was completed aboard this hull - the designation took effect after V-J Day and she decommissioned eleven months later - is undocumented. Establishes conversion type scope only; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-04
-
[6]NHHC U.S. Naval History (The Sextant), A. B. Sobocinski (Historian, BUMED), 'The Workhorse of Normandy: Remembering the Role of LSTs in Medical Evacuation' (21 May 2019) - ARCHIVED: via Wayback capture 2024-12-28; live host unreachable (HTTP 000) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback capture 20241228050630 of navylive article 2686827
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official-history context for the LST(H) designation this hull carried: the Navy identified the LST as the primary casualty transport before Overlord; at Normandy 54 LSTs were 'specially converted with hanger racks and even small operating rooms' as Casualty Treatment Receiving Ships, each carrying 2-3 medical officers and up to 20 corpsmen and designated to carry about 200 casualties; the Navy began adapting LSTs for medical uses in the Pacific Theater by 1943.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- LST crews and embarked medical staff (theater-level)
- Limitations
- Program/class-level history; does not name this hull. Live usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil unreachable from this network (HTTP 000); cited via Wayback capture 2024-12-28 - archived copy, not the live source. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels Vol. 2 (Jan 1945) LST design table (shipscribe.com scan; moved path - old /styles/usnaux/sdb/SDB1945v2.pdf 404s, verified 2026-10-03); lst-1-class class profile (class-f worktree) class_notes and ev-lst-1-class-03 consolidated era inference [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table; class-f lst-1-class.class.json ev-lst-1-class-03 (consolidated inference)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST built at a Bethlehem emergency yard in late 1944 sits inside the era when asbestos insulation was standard shipbuilding material (GAO-documented Navy-wide use through the early 1970s). Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a diesel LST of this type and period: GM diesel exhaust lagging and flange gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, deck coverings and tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, winch and crane brake linings, valve packing, electrical insulation. The diesel plant carries no boilers - the steam-plant lagging pathway does not apply; the LST(H) redesignation (if physically executed) added interior medical-space fitout scope.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); crew and embarked troops (1944-46); any LST(H) conversion workforce (1945); shipbreakers (1947/48)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, work package, or survey located for LST-951. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - post-dating this hull's entire existence (built 1944, scrapped after the 1948 sale).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-07
-
[9]Batch-7494 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription (historycentral mirror; NHHC live 404); NavSource 10/16/160951 (live); ShipbuildingHistory Bethlehem-Hingham yard table (live); NVR detail page (no entry - pre-1987 disposal); ACS Bulletin LST(H) article (live); NHHC navylive via Wayback; GAO HRD-80-2 (403); NARA catalog (JS-shell, API retired); CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-951-lst951-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, or verified litigation naming USS LST-951 / LST(H)-951 was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - authenticated API returned a daily-quota block (server-directed wait ~7 hours); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case or record; the only 'asbestos' material associated is law-firm marketing content naming the Bethlehem yard system generally (mesotheliomaveterans.org, mesothelioma.com, lanierlawfirm.com and similar) - excluded by source policy. Class-level CourtListener sweep (lst-1-class profile, 2026-09-16) found no asbestos docket naming any specific LST hull - only an incidental reunion-notice mention of LST-579 inside Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton, S.D.N.Y. 1:07-cv-04771.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (throttled, not run). Deck logs (RG 24), Bethlehem-Hingham build work packages, and MARAD/War Shipping Administration disposal records for the 1948 sale are undigitized archival leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-08
-
[10]Archival leads: NHHC photograph NH 84708 (USS LST-951 at anchor, c. 1945-46, via NavSource caption); NARA RG 24 deck logs USS LST-951 / LST(H)-951 (1944-46); MARAD disposal file / vessel status card for the 14 June 1948 sale to Walter W. Johnson Co.; Bethlehem-Hingham contract records (FY1943, yard hull 3421) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160951.htm photo caption (NH 84708); NARA RG 24 P118 deck-log series (not digitized); MARAD vessel status cards (not digitized)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Undigitized primary records exist for this hull: NHHC photo NH 84708 is cataloged (referenced in the NavSource caption); RG 24 deck logs for her 21-month commissioned life should cover Okinawa operations, the LST(H) redesignation, and occupation duty; the 1948 scrapping sale to Walter W. Johnson Co. would be documented in MARAD/War Shipping Administration disposal files and a vessel status card; Bethlehem-Hingham contract work packages (yard hull 3421) are the build-materials lead.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948 (records); 2026-10-03 (search)
- Limitations
- Leads only - none located in digitized public sources this session. NARA catalog (catalog.archives.gov) is JS-rendered and returned an empty shell; the retired v1 API no longer serves queries. No asbestos content in any located index entry.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-951-lst951-09