Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet 844-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-993-lst993-pkt-844-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'LST-993,' Naval History and Heritage Command [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-993 entry, full service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS documents this hull: LST-993 was laid down 7 March 1944 at the Boston Navy Yard; launched 7 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Gladys L. Morey; commissioned 12 May 1944, Lt. A. W. Bates, USNR, in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater; participated in the Leyte landings (November 1944), Lingayen Gulf landings (January 1945), and Tarakan Island operation (April and May 1945). Postwar occupation duty in the Far East and China service until early June 1946; decommissioned 1 June 1946; transferred to the Republic of China 7 February 1948; struck from the Navy list 12 March 1948. Earned three battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades (1944); ship's company and embarked troops (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific construction, service, and disposition history; live page verified 200 OK 2026-10-03 (server rejects HEAD requests - GET verified). Contains no asbestos or material content; supports no asbestos claim. Entry gives campaign months only; day-level dates come from the NavSource campaign table (ev-02).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST-993 (page 160993) - DANFS-derived record, specifications, campaign table, commanding-officer list, photo captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160993.htm - header block, campaign/service tables, specifications block, CO list, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive record for this hull: LST-542 class; never named - carried by hull designation throughout U.S. service. Laid down 7 March 1944 at Boston Navy Yard; launched 7 April 1944; commissioned 12 May 1944, Lt. Albert W. Bates, USNR, in command (CO list shows Bates from 13 May 1944 to December 1945, then Lt.(jg) Frank L. Zeigler December 1945-March 1946, then Lt.(jg) Sidney Lapidus March-1 June 1946). Ribbon array: China Service Medal (extended); American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (3); World War II Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp; Philippines Presidential Unit Citation; Philippines Liberation Medal (2). Wartime organization: LST Flotilla Eight (Capt. E. Watts), LST Group Twenty-Three (Cdr. T. C. Linthicum), LST Division Forty-Five. Campaign table: Leyte landings 5-18 November 1944; Lingayen Gulf landings 4-15 January 1945; Tarakan Island operation 27 April-5 May 1945. Occupation/China service periods: Navy Occupation Service Medal 2 September-23 October 1945 and 25 November 1945-1 June 1946; China Service Medal (extended) 25 November 1945-1 June 1946. Decommissioned 1 June 1946; transferred to Republic of China 7 February 1948; struck from the Naval Register 12 March 1948; 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Specifications: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full load; 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt; two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, Falk reduction gears, two propellers 1,700 shp; three 100 kW diesel generators; complement 13 officers/104 enlisted plus troops 16 officers/147 enlisted; two LCVP. U.S. Navy photographs place this hull beached on Red Beach, Tarakan, 1 May 1945 alongside USS LST-171, offloading vehicles onto a pontoon causeway, and high and dry at low tide with USS LST-1027.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Crew 1944-46; embarked troops during three amphibious landings; construction trades at Boston Navy Yard
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation of official records (DANFS/NVR-derived plus contributed photography) - not a primary registry; milestone dates verified identical to DANFS. Page verified live (200 OK) 2026-10-03; navsource.org is dead - .net domain is canonical. Contains no asbestos or material content; supports no asbestos claim. Commissioning-vs-CO-start discrepancy (12 vs 13 May 1944) carried as stated in source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-02
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (January 1945), LST design table and roster (shipscribe.com scan); consolidated era inference from design data + WWII-era amphibious construction practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table (machinery, complement, dimensions)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for this diesel-powered LST-542-class hull: the Bureau of Ships Ships' Data 1945 v.2 LST design table documents two GM 12-567A diesels (~1,700 shp) - no boiler plant, so the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a 1944 diesel amphibious ship: diesel exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, machinery and pipe insulation, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, deck coverings, accommodation/bulkhead insulation, winch and windlass brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (U.S. service); design table 1945
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades (1944); engine-room crew (1944-46); foreign-navy crew and any disposal workers (1948-forward)
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation only - the BuShips table names no individual hull's material schedule and states no asbestos content; asbestos presence aboard this hull is era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. Note: prior class-file citation used the now-dead /styles/usnaux/sdb/ path; the live URL is /pubs/SDB1945v2.pdf (verified 200 OK 2026-10-03).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-03
-
[5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program under which this hull was mass-produced at a U.S. naval shipyard - and that wartime military demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (program-level context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was installed aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. DOI resolves to Wiley (302 verified 2026-10-03).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-04
-
[6]DANFS LST-993 (record ends at transfer/striking); NavSource 160993 ('Final Disposition, fate unknown') [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-993 final paragraphs; NavSource disposition line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Disposition boundary of the authoritative record: DANFS and the DANFS-derived NavSource record end this hull's documented history at transfer to the Republic of China (7 February 1948) and striking (12 March 1948), with NavSource stating 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Secondary sources (e.g., Wikipedia) carry a Republic of China Navy narrative - renamed, grounded in the Nanji Islands 14 August 1954, scrapped 31 December 1954 - that no authoritative source consulted corroborates; it is not adopted as fact in this record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1948-forward
- Population
- Republic of China Navy crew and any foreign disposal workers (1948-forward, unverified)
- Limitations
- Documents where authoritative coverage ends, so downstream readers do not treat the secondary-source ROC narrative as verified. Any asbestos-relevant event after 1948 (overhaul, damage repair, or scrapping under foreign flag) is entirely undocumented in the sources consulted - including the claimed 1954 scrapping, which if accurate would predate all asbestos-handling regulation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-05
-
[7]Batch-7536 search ledger (this record): DANFS/NHHC, NavSource, NVR, MARAD ShipHistory, NARA guides, shipscribe SDB; CourtListener blocked; class-f LST sweep cross-reference [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-993-lst993-01 through -08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LST-993 was found in the public sources searched; the class-profile litigation sweep for LST hulls located only an incidental LST mention in a scanned reunion-notice compilation (Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton, S.D.N.Y. 1:07-cv-04771), and CourtListener could not be searched this session (fleet daily quota exhausted - logged as blocked). The Naval Vessel Register carries no detail page for this hull (pre-1987 disposal), and MARAD ShipHistory returned no record (naval transfer to a foreign navy, not a MARAD disposition).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 naval-shipyard-built hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. The hull left U.S. custody in 1948, before any abatement-era recordkeeping; foreign-side records were not accessible. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-06
-
[8]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel / deck logs) and RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments); NARA logbook guidance pages [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/181.html ; https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy (all verified 200 OK 2026-10-03)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead (not retrieved): NARA RG 24 (Logs of U.S. Naval Ships and Stations) holds WWII-era deck logs covering this hull's entire commissioned period, May 1944-June 1946; NARA RG 181 (Records of Naval Districts and Shore Establishments) holds Boston Navy Yard / First Naval District construction, outfitting, and repair records that may include hull-level outfitting specifications for Boston-built LSTs. No box-level retrieval performed; digitization status for this hull's deck logs unverified.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. NARA catalog search tokenizes 'LST-993' too broadly to confirm a specific file-unit hit. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-993-lst993-07