Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]research packet 609-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS LST-477 | Hull: LST-477 | Designation: LST, later LST(H)-477 (landing ship, tank (hospital)) | Class: LST-1 class
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-pkt-609-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-477 (NHHC page, verified live HTTP 200 on 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'LST-477', full record (short LST-format entry)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down 12 August 1942 at Richmond, Calif., by Kaiser, Inc.; launched 29 October 1942; commissioned 19 February 1943 (DANFS prints '1942' - typographical slip, corrected in ev-08), Lt. Josiah K. Adams, USNR, in command. Asiatic-Pacific service: Gilbert Islands operation (Nov-Dec 1943); occupation of Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls (Feb 1944); capture and occupation of Guam (Jul 1944); assault and occupation of Iwo Jima (Feb 1945). Redesignated LST(H)-477 on 15 September 1945; occupation duty in the Far East until mid-February 1946; returned to the United States; struck from the Navy list 28 August 1947; sold 27 March 1948 to Consolidated Builders, Inc., of Seattle, Wash., and subsequently scrapped. Four battle stars and the Navy Unit Commendation for WWII service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 4 construction trades 1942-43; wartime USNR crew and embarked troops; occupation-duty personnel 1945-46
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history, not materials or asbestos content - no asbestos information of any kind. Live NHHC URL verified 2026-10-02 (this hull's page survives the standing NHHC link-rot defect). The commissioning year is printed '1942' in the source - impossible given the 12 August 1942 laying-down; resolved by NavSource and the shipbuildinghistory build table (see ev-08). DANFS omits the April 1946 decommissioning and SCAJAP Q-091 service entirely - supplied by NavSource (ev-02).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-01
-
[3]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LST(H)-477 ex USS LST-477 (page 160477, verified live 2026-10-02) - unit assignments, campaign table, specifications, CO roster, photo captions incl. Iwo Jima kamikaze-damage detail [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/16/160477, full record incl. campaign table, specifications block, CO list, and photo captions (incl. NHHC photo NH 104211 beach-scene caption)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: LST-1-class tank landing ship laid down 12 August 1942 at Kaiser, Inc., Richmond, CA; launched 29 October 1942; commissioned USS LST-477, 19 February 1943, LT. Josiah K. Adams Jr., USNR, in command. Assigned LST Flotilla Five (CAPT J. R. Clark), LST Group Thirteen (CDR C. R. Lea USNR), LST Division Twenty-Five. Campaign dates: Gilbert Islands 21 Nov-8 Dec 1943 (NavSource photo documents her beached at Makin Island); Kwajalein/Majuro 2-8 Feb 1944 (photo documents LST-477 with LCT(5)-346 landing Seabees at Kwajalein); Guam 21-29 Jul 1944; Iwo Jima 20-28 Feb 1945 - photo captions record that she was scheduled to land Marines of the 5th Tank Battalion on 19 February but took a direct kamikaze hit, was heavily damaged, and landed the morning of 23 February; award display lists Combat Action Ribbon (21 and 23 Feb 1945) and Purple Hearts (2 KIA, 7 WIA, 21 and 23 Feb 1945, Iwo Jima). Redesignated LST(H)-477 15 September 1945; Navy Occupation Service Medal periods 20 Nov-11 Dec 1945 and 26 Dec 1945-25 Apr 1946; decommissioned 25 April 1946 and assigned to COMNAVFE Shipping Control Authority for Japan (SCAJAP), redesignated Q-091 (NavSource photo documents ex-LST-477 outbound under the Golden Gate in 1946, armament stripped); struck 28 August 1947; sold for scrapping 27 March 1948 to Consolidated Builders, Inc., Seattle, WA. Specs: complement 13 officers/104 enlisted, troops 16 officers/147 enlisted; propulsion two GM 12-567A 900hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three diesel-drive 100kW ship's service generators, two propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders - no boilers or steam machinery; call sign NGLY. CO roster: Adams (to Sep 1943), Seale (Sep 1943-Sep 1944), Hazelrigg (Sep 1944-Aug 1945), Ennis (Aug-Dec 1945), Burston (Dec 1945-Feb 1946), Bearden (Feb-25 Apr 1946), all USNR.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond construction trades 1942-43; USNR wartime crew (incl. 2 KIA / 7 WIA at Iwo Jima); embarked 5th Tank Battalion Marines Feb 1945; occupation-service personnel 1945-46; SCAJAP-period mariners (Q-091, 1946-47)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-curated archive, not a government publication, but it transcribes official records and is used here for detail DANFS omits (unit hierarchy, spec block, CO roster, decommissioning/SCAJAP phase). Contains no asbestos information. Internal tension: photo captions date the kamikaze hit to the morning of 19 February while the award display lists Combat Action Ribbon and casualty dates of 21 and 23 February - carried in gaps, unresolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-02
-
[4]NHHC, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 (Navy Department Library online reading room; live URL returns 404 - archived Wayback capture 2016-05-04 cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- US Pacific Fleet Organization 1 May 1945, 'Landing Ships Tanks' section, LST Flotilla Five / Group 13 / Division 25 table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official fleet organization list names this hull in place: under 'LANDING SHIPS TANKS,' LST FLOTILLA FIVE (Capt. J. R. Clark), LST GROUP 13 (Comdr. C. R. Lea USNR), LST DIVISION 25, the entry 'LST 477' appears with commanding officer 'Lt. (jg) C. T. Hazelrigg (USNR)' - corroborating NavSource's unit hierarchy and CO roster (Hazelrigg Sep 1944-Aug 1945) from an independent official source as of 1 May 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- USNR ship's company as of 1 May 1945
- Limitations
- Administrative organization document - establishes unit assignment and CO on one date; contains no materials, maintenance, or asbestos information. Live NHHC URL returns 404 (standing NHHC link-rot defect); archived capture cited and labeled as archived.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-03
-
[5]DANFS Vol. VII (1981), pp. 569-731, LST type introduction (hazegray transcription; live hazegray fetch failed - archived Wayback capture 2020-10-20 cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Vol. VII LST introduction, paragraphs on wartime conversions and the building program
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- DANFS LST type history: 'Thirty-eight LST's were converted to serve as small hospital ships,' supplementing standard LSTs that removed casualties from invasion beaches. Standard LST design: 328 ft x 50 ft, ballast system for ocean/beaching trim, diesel plant (twin screws), crew ~7-13 officers and ~104-117 enlisted depending on fit. This hull was built at Kaiser Richmond - a West Coast emergency yard, not one of the inland 'cornfield' yards - under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 997).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- LST program construction workforce; casualties handled by hospital-configured LSTs (class context)
- Limitations
- Class/type-level documentation only - does not name this hull and does not describe any LST(H) conversion scope for it. The '38 converted' phrasing in DANFS does not distinguish full physical hospital conversions from the 15 September 1945 administrative redesignation group; secondary literature describes the September 1945 action as largely a designation change for the planned Operation Olympic, overtaken by surrender. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-04
-
[6]Composite era/design analysis: NavSource machinery documentation (diesel plant) + lst-1-class.class.json (BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v2 design grouping, 2x GM 12-567A diesels) + GAO HRD-80-2 policy context [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; lst-1-class.class.json design table; GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-powered amphibious ship built August 1942 - February 1943 at a West Coast wartime emergency yard in the Navy's peak asbestos-consumption period: NO boilers or steam plant - the steam-lagging pathway does not apply. Plausible asbestos applications on this type concentrate in diesel-engine and exhaust-system insulation, gaskets and packing throughout the engineering spaces, electrical insulation/cable, deck coverings (incl. tank-deck surfaces), accommodation-space insulation, and brake/friction linings on winches and the stern-anchor windlass. GAO HRD-80-2 documents that the Navy did not begin systematic asbestos substitution until the 1970s - decades after this hull was scrapped (1948), so no substitution-era refit ever touched her.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 4 construction trades 1942-43; USNR wartime crew and embarked troops; occupation-service personnel 1945-46; SCAJAP-period mariners 1946-47; Consolidated Builders Seattle scrapping workforce 1948
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - no hull-level material schedule, insulation spec, or survey exists in the public record for this ship. The September 1945 LST(H) redesignation and the 1946-47 SCAJAP Q-091 period are both undocumented as to material condition or refit. Does not establish presence, absence, or quantity of ACM aboard at any time.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-05
-
[7]GAO HRD-80-2, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure (published 1979-10-18; product-page description - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 highlights/summary
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Program-level Navy asbestos policy: per the GAO product description, the Navy's 1975 policy removed and replaced with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas; the Navy reported that ships delivered in later years had little or no asbestos thermal insulation while other Navy ships contained large quantities. Establishes that systematic substitution postdates this hull's entire existence (built 1942-43, scrapped 1948) - no asbestos-era remediation program ever applied to her.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1975-1979 policy window; exposure era 1940s-1970s
- Population
- Navy shipyard workforce (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level document about 1970s policy at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards; does not name this hull or establish materials aboard it. Product-page description used because gao.gov blocks automated full-text access (HTTP 403, standing defect since Batch 01).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-06
-
[8]Batch-6471 search ledger (this record): live DANFS, NavSource 160477, NHHC Pacific Fleet organization document (archived), shipbuildinghistory Kaiser Richmond No. 4 build table (live), DANFS Vol. VII LST introduction (archived hazegray), GAO HRD-80-2, NVR attempt, CourtListener API v4 [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-01 through sl-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, build material schedule, or museum/regulator hazmat disclosure exists in the public sources searched for this hull (see search_ledger). CourtListener type=o queries '"LST-477"', '"LST 477"', '"LST(H)-477"', and '"LSTH-477"' all returned zero hits (authenticated HTTP 200, count=0). Coverage is partial rather than complete: the '"USS LST-477"' variant and type=r docket sweeps remained subject to the fleet-wide ~114/hr authenticated pace at close of session and are logged row-by-row in the ledger.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942-43 diesel-powered hull is consistent with era materials, and the hull was scrapped in 1948 before any documentation regime existed. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-07
-
[9]DANFS commissioning-year defect vs NavSource and shipbuildinghistory build table [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-477 entry line 1; NavSource 160477 commissioning line; shipbuildinghistory krichmond.htm hull table row 'LST 477' (yard no. 32, MC hull 997)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Commissioning-year defect corrected: live DANFS prints 'commissioned on 19 February 1942' - impossible, since the keel was laid 12 August 1942 and she was launched 29 October 1942. NavSource records commissioning 19 February 1943, and the shipbuildinghistory.com Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 4 build table independently lists the completion/commissioning date as 19-Feb-43. Record carries 1943-02-19.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1943
- Limitations
- Correction resolves a typographical slip in the official DANFS entry against two independent sources agreeing on 1943; the day and month are uncontested.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lst-h-477-lsth477-08