Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet is-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Ludlow (second of that name); hull Destroyer No. 112 / DD-112; type destroyer, Wickes class
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-ludlow-dd112-pkt-is-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Ludlow II (DD-112) - verbatim transcription via Haze Gray DANFS Online mirror (live NHHC page 404s; canonical URL not located) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Characteristics block + opening construction paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: 'The second Ludlow (DD-112) was laid down 7 January 1918 at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, Calif., launched 9 June 1918; sponsored by Miss Elizabeth Ludlow Chrystie, a descendant of Lieutenant Ludlow; and commissioned 23 December 1918 Comdr M. K. Metcalf in command.' Characteristics block: (DD-112: dp. 1,060; l. 314'5"; b. 31'9"; dr. 9'2"; s. 35 k.; cpl. 123; a. 3 4", 1 3", 12 21" tt.; cl. Wickes). Named for Lt. Augustus C. Ludlow, second in command of USS Chesapeake, who died of wounds received in the engagement with HMS Shannon 1 June 1813.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1918
- Population
- Union Iron Works construction trades 1918; commissioning crew (~123 design complement)
- Limitations
- Historical narrative, not a materials survey; establishes identity, builder, and chronology only - no asbestos content. Live NHHC DANFS page returns 404 (standing NHHC link-rot issue per BATCH-01 report); mirror transcription cited. DANFS armament reads '3 4-inch, 1 3-inch' where Ships' Data 1924 and NavSource read four 4-inch/50 + one 3-inch/23 AA - transcription garble carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-01
-
[3]DANFS, Ludlow II (DD-112) - DM-10 redesignation and Pearl Harbor service (verbatim transcription, Haze Gray mirror) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Second and third DANFS paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS service record: 'Following west coast shakedown, Ludlow embarked on the continuous training program which is a hallmark of the U.S. Navy. On 17 July 1920 she was redesignated DM-10. A change of home ports followed 19 January 1921 when she arrived Pearl Harbor for 8 years with Mine Squadron 2, Fleet Base Force. Ludlow joined in gunnery practice, mining operations, antisubmarine training, and fleet battle problems in the Hawaiian Islands and off the west coast, and in 1929 trained Naval Reserves.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1919-1929
- Population
- Ship's crew, Mine Squadron 2, Fleet Base Force (1921-1929); Naval Reserve trainees (1929)
- Limitations
- Documents the DM-10 redesignation and the 1921-1929 Pearl Harbor homeport with Mine Squadron 2 - but names no conversion yard and makes no materials or insulation statement; asbestos scope of the conversion work is not established. Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard's yard-level asbestos documentation (Atlas yard record) covers later decades and does not evidence any work on this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-02
-
[4]DANFS, Ludlow II (DD-112) - deactivation/strike/disposal (Haze Gray mirror) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Final DANFS paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS disposition record: 'Leaving Pearl Harbor 16 November 1929, she arrived San Diego the 26th, and there decommissioned 24 May 1930. Struck from the Navy list 18 November, she was scrapped and her metal sold 10 March 1931.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1929-1931
- Population
- San Diego deactivation crews (1930); demolition workers (1931, buyer not named in DANFS)
- Limitations
- Establishes end-of-life disposal: the hull was scrapped and sold in 1931, before the asbestos-litigation era, and no preservation/abatement record exists. DANFS does not attribute the sale to the London Naval Treaty - the timing coincides with treaty-era flush-decker disposals but the attribution is not stated for this hull. No asbestos content anywhere in the disposition history.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-03
-
[5]Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels (1924), Navy Department / GPO, Light Minelayers (DM) tables pp. 119-121 and namesake register (shipscribe.com digitization of the official publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Light Minelayers table rows for LUDLOW DM10 (machinery, armament, contract, build dates); index p. 394; namesake register entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels (1924 edition, Navy Department/GPO - text extracted from the official register's light-minelayer tables): LUDLOW, DM-10 (ex-DD-112) - displacement 1,191 tons normal, 1,284 full load, 1,196 trial; length 314'4" o.a.; speed 34.22 knots; machinery '2 Curtis geared turb., 4 Yarrow' boilers, designed 27,540 shp; armament 4 x 4"/50 cal. + 1 x 3"/23 cal. AA; built by Union Iron Works under a cost-plus-10-percent contract authorized by act of 4 March 1917, contract signed 4 May 1917; keel laid 7 January 1918, launched 9 June 1918, preliminary acceptance and first commission 23 December 1918. Namesake entry: 'Destroyer No. 112 (now Light Mine Layer No. 10) - LUDLOW - named in memory of Lieut. Augustus C. Ludlow... died of wounds received while directing the fighting in the engagement of the Chesapeake and the Shannon.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1924 (register era)
- Population
- Union Iron Works construction trades 1918; crew 1918-1930
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous official register - the strongest available specification record for this hull. Establishes steam-plant configuration (4 Yarrow boilers, Curtis geared turbines) relevant to era insulation practice; contains no insulation-material or asbestos statement. OCR-layer extraction - values cross-checked against DANFS and NavSource where they overlap.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-04
-
[6]Franke, K. & Paustenbach, D., 'Government and Navy knowledge regarding health hazards of asbestos: A state of the science evaluation (1900 to 1970),' Inhalation Toxicology 23(S3):1-20 (2011), PMID 22200078 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Article abstract and 'The Navy and Asbestos Thermal Insulation' section; era text quoted from published review
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed state-of-the-science review documents that amosite and chrysotile asbestos were used extensively as insulating materials aboard U.S. naval ships 'beginning in the 1880s and continuing well into the 1950s' for incombustibility, low thermal conductivity, light weight, and strength; suppliers followed government specifications prescribing asbestos content in insulation, gaskets, packing, and similar materials. This hull's entire existence - construction 1917-18, commission 1918-1930, scrapping 1931 - falls inside the documented window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1900-1970 documented; hull extant 1917-1931
- Population
- US Navy ship crews and yard workers, 1880s-1950s (era context)
- Limitations
- Era/program-level scholarly documentation; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. Authors' expertise is in exposure assessment (defense-side expert context noted in legal commentary) - substantive era claim is corroborated by period Navy specifications.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-05
-
[7]Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran Exposure to Asbestos (Veterans Health Library) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 'Who's at risk?' section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- VA veterans-health guidance identifies service aboard older Navy ships and shipyard work as potential asbestos-exposure settings - general-era background supporting Tier 2 classification only.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- Navy service era generally
- Population
- Navy veterans and shipyard workers (general)
- Limitations
- VA guidance does not name this vessel and establishes no installation, product, fiber type, condition, quantity, individual exposure, disease causation, or claim eligibility aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-06
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 opinion/docket search via fleet helper cl-auth-search.py [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-uss-ludlow-dd112-07/08/09/10
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener API v4 sweep (2026-09-26, authenticated via fleet helper cl-auth-search.py): executed queries returned zero results - '"USS Ludlow"' opinion index (count 0), '"USS Ludlow"' RECAP docket index (count 0), '"DD-112" asbestos' opinion index (count 0). Variant queries enumerated but not executed - '"U.S.S. Ludlow"', '"DM-10"', 'Ludlow + destroyer/asbestos context' blocked by the fleet-wide pacing budget mid-session; queued for backfill. No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull was located; no zero-litigation conclusion is made. Collision discipline: USS Ludlow DD-438 (Gleaves class, in commission 1941-1951) is the hull any bare 'USS Ludlow' asbestos claim would most likely reference - hull attribution mandatory on any future hit.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26 sweep
- Limitations
- Sweep incomplete at write time: three authenticated queries returned zero hits; 'U.S.S. Ludlow', 'DM-10', and Ludlow/asbestos-context queries were blocked by fleet pacing (exit 2, ~114/hr shared cap). A RECAP docket index can also miss unindexed party-name mentions. Any located hit requires hull verification - 'USS Ludlow' in a post-1941 context likely refers to DD-438 unless DD-112, DM-10, or 1918-1930 service dates are named.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-07
-
[9]Batch-3120 search ledger (this record) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-uss-ludlow-dd112-01 through sl-uss-ludlow-dd112-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, materials specification naming the hull, hazmat disclosure, or exposure claim was found in the authoritative sources searched (NHHC/DANFS, Ships' Data 1924, NavSource register compilations, NARA asbestos research guide and digitized RG 19 plans, VA guidance, CourtListener - see search_ledger). The hull was scrapped in 1931 and no preservation, museum, or underway-use phase ever generated hazmat documentation for it. Ship-specific asbestos documentation remains unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26 searches
- Limitations
- Bounded public-source negative finding, not proof of absence: a 1918 steam-turbine destroyer is era-consistent with asbestos insulation, but no hull-specific record was located. The ship's 1931 scrapping predates asbestos-awareness documentation regimes - absence of a record here is expected, not probative. Does not establish that asbestos was or was not present aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-08
-
[10]NARA, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' guided topic; NARA Guide to Federal Records, RG 19; 'USA - DD Wickes & Clemson Class Booklet of General Plans (1919)', Internet Archive ddflushdeckersbogp1919 (NARA RG 19 file unit 'Plans for Flush Deckers, 1789-1967') [other_primary]
- Locator
- GIB series list (Entry P 9, 1907-1961); S39/S48 cartographic guidance; https://archive.org/details/ddflushdeckersbogp1919
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA research routes for hull-level asbestos evidence, per NARA's official guide 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961': RG 19 Entry P 9 'Destroyer, Destroyer Escort, and Frigate General Information Books' (1907-1961) would hold this hull's information book if it survives; RG 19 ship engineering drawings include S39 'Insulation and Lagging' and S48 'Piping' sets filed by hull designation; pre-1940 Bureau of Construction and Repair correspondence covers the 1917-18 build and 1920 DM-10 conversion (the guide's indexed correspondence series start 1940, after this hull was scrapped); RG 24 deck logs (1918-1930) can date work periods. A Wickes & Clemson class Booklet of General Plans dated 1 October 1919 (RG 19 'Plans for Flush Deckers' file unit, digitized on the Internet Archive) documents class-level arrangement but names no insulation material. None retrieved at item level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Series-level leads only; no vessel file, box, or drawing was retrieved. The guide's correspondence emphasis is 1940-1961 - after this hull's 1931 scrapping - so GIBs (P 9) and S39 drawings are the only series plausibly covering this hull's era. Existence of responsive hull-specific material is unverified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-09
-
[11]DANFS, Ludlow III (DD-438), verbatim transcription via globalsecurity.org mirror; DANFS Ludlow name-series (II = this hull) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DD-438 construction paragraph + service chronology (DANFS text verbatim); DD-112 entry 'The second Ludlow'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Disambiguation boundary: the third USS Ludlow (DD-438, Gleaves class) is a different hull - laid down 18 December 1939 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; launched 11 November 1940; commissioned at Boston 5 March 1941; North Africa (shore-battery engagement off Cape Fedhala), Sicily, Salerno, Anzio, and Southern France service, six battle stars; decommissioned and transferred to Greece as Doxa January 1951. Any 'USS Ludlow' litigation, exposure claim, or asbestos reference dated after 1941 or naming Gleaves-class characteristics refers to DD-438 unless DD-112/DM-10 is explicitly named. The first Ludlow (1808), a ~40-ton Lake Champlain row galley at the Battle of Plattsburgh, has no litigation relevance.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Disambiguation row only; records no asbestos finding for either hull. DD-438's 1941-1951 commission places it inside the asbestos-litigation era, making hull screening essential for any located 'USS Ludlow' reference.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-10
-
[12]Union Iron Works Historic District National Register nomination (Port of San Francisco hosting); Atlas shipyards.json bethlehem-shipbuilding record (alias list) [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination (yard identity/period of significance); shipyards.json bethlehem-shipbuilding.aliases 'Union Iron Works'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Builder yard context: Union Iron Works, San Francisco (Potrero Point/Pier 70) - the yard where this hull was built - was purchased by Bethlehem Shipbuilding in 1905 and operated as Bethlehem's San Francisco yard, building to the Bethlehem 'Little' Wickes design (per NavSource classification and the Ships' Data 1924 builder column). The yard has a National Register historic-district nomination (Union Iron Works Historic District, Port of San Francisco document) documenting its physical plant and wartime destroyer construction. The Atlas shipyards dataset has no dedicated Union Iron Works slug; the builder resolves only through the 'Union Iron Works' alias on the bethlehem-shipbuilding record, whose documented asbestos sites are Bethlehem's other yards (Sparrows Point MD, Quincy MA) - not this San Francisco site.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1884-1945 (district period of significance); hull built 1917-18
- Population
- Union Iron Works/Bethlehem San Francisco construction trades (WWI era)
- Limitations
- Yard-history documentation only - establishes the builder's identity and Bethlehem corporate ownership, not any asbestos practice aboard this hull or at the San Francisco site. The bethlehem-shipbuilding yard record's asbestos-product documentation pertains to other Bethlehem sites; no hull-level statement is made.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-11
-
[13]NHHC photograph records via ibiblio HyperWar Online Library captions (NH 63452, NH 67606, NH 90449) and NavSource index (UA 537.01, H.W. Alden Collection) [museum_official]
- Locator
- NH 67606 caption (post-conversion configuration); NH 63452 caption (26 Feb 1919); NH 90449 caption (Pearl Harbor 1920s)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC photography catalog holds views of this hull including NH 63452 (underway 26 February 1919), NH 67606 (underway mid-to-late 1920s after DM-10 conversion, still wearing bow number 112 with the Mine Force emblem), and NH 90449 (Pearl Harbor, 1920s, with USS Henshaw and USS Langley in frame) - the official visual record of the destroyer-era and minelayer-era configurations. Catalog entries are locator aids; photographs were not examined and no material identification was attempted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1919-1929 imagery
- Limitations
- Photographs document topside configuration only; no asbestos or insulation content is identifiable from catalog descriptions, and images were not inspected. Archival lead for the 1920 conversion's physical scope.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ludlow-dd112-12