Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]DANFS, MacKenzie II (Destroyer No. 175/DD-175) (verbatim transcription; live NHHC DANFS page returns 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS MacKenzie II entry, specifications block + service narrative (hazegray mirror dd175txt.htm)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down by Union Iron Works, San Francisco, 4 July 1918; launched 29 September (transcription reads 1919 - internally inconsistent with commissioning 25 July 1919; 1918 per NavSource and standard references); sponsored by Mrs. Percy J. Cotton; commissioned 25 July 1919, Lt. Comdr. E. T. Oates in command; designated DD-175 17 July 1920; Pacific Fleet, Destroyer Squadrons 2 and 4; decommissioned at Mare Island 27 May 1922; in reserve until recommissioned at San Diego 6 November 1939; one of 50 destroyers exchanged for bases; arrived Halifax, Nova Scotia, 20 September 1940; decommissioned and turned over to the Royal Canadian Navy 24 September 1940 as HMCS Annapolis; struck from the Navy list 8 January 1941. Specs: 1,060 tons; 314'5" x 31' x 8'6"; 33.5 kt; complement 101; 4 x 4", 1 x 3", 12 x 21" torpedo tubes; class Wickes.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1941
- Population
- Union Iron Works construction trades 1918-19; USN crew (design complement 101)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and design figures, not materials or asbestos content. The transcribed launch year (1919) is impossible against the commissioning date and is corrected to 1918 per NavSource/Dreadnought Project - conflict documented in gaps. Mirror transcription cited because the live NHHC DANFS page for this entry returns 404.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-01
-
[2]Government of Canada / Royal Canadian Navy official ships' histories: HMCS Annapolis (1st of the name) (I04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- canada.ca > RCN history > Ships' histories > HMCS Annapolis (1st of the name) (I04)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official RCN ship history for this hull's Canadian period: arrived Halifax, Nova Scotia, 20 September 1940; transferred to the RCN and renamed HMCS Annapolis four days later; in October 1940 the No. 4 boiler became inoperable due to a fire, resulting in loss of the aftermost funnel; owing to reduced endurance she never crossed the Atlantic and spent her entire RCN career with the Western Local Escort Force; Escort Group W-8 from June 1943, briefly W-10; relegated to training duties at HMCS Cornwallis in April 1944, also escorting Royal Navy submarines between Halifax and Digby; paid off at Halifax 4 June 1945; towed to Boston later that month and broken up. Battle honour: Atlantic 1941-43.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940-1945
- Population
- RCN crew 1940-1945; Halifax Dockyard repair workers 1940-41
- Limitations
- Official history documents the RCN-era service record and the No. 4 boiler removal event; it contains no asbestos, material, or survey information. The boiler removal is documented as an event, not as an exposure finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-02
-
[3]Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: USS MacKenzie (Destroyer # 175, later DD-175), 1919-1940 (NHHC mirror via HyperWar/ibiblio) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC Online Library ship page; captions NH 46911, NH 46903, NH 100947, NH 67627
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC Online Library record for this hull: a 1,060-ton destroyer built at San Francisco, placed in commission July 1919, designated DD-175 a year later; served in West Coast waters until decommissioned late May 1922; laid up at San Diego for seventeen years; recommissioned November 1939; served mainly in the western Atlantic until September 1940 transfer to the RCN; as HMCS Annapolis employed as convoy escort in the western North Atlantic; became a training ship April 1944; sold for scrapping after the war in Europe. Photo captions identify her as flagship of Destroyer Division 22 and document fitted features (3"/23 AA gun, triple 21" torpedo mounts, depth-charge gear). Named for Lt. Comdr. Alexander Slidell MacKenzie (1842-1867), killed in action on Formosa 13 June 1867.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1919-1945
- Population
- USN crew 1919-1922, 1939-1940
- Limitations
- Photo-catalog summary; the page labels the ship 'Little class' while DANFS classifies her Wickes - discrepancy carried in gaps. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-03
-
[4]U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 'The Reincarnation Of The Four-Stackers,' Vol. 86/3/685 (March 1960) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USNI Proceedings March 1960, 'The Reincarnation Of The Four-Stackers' (RCN four-stackers section)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- USNI Proceedings history of the 1940 flush-decker transfers names this hull: 'Annapolis (ex-Mackenzie, DD-175), for some reason, was named in the British fashion after two towns, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, and Annapolis, Maryland'; records that 'HMCS Annapolis, because of an early boiler accident, did not operate beyond the station of the WLEF, where she put in three hard years of steaming,' became a training tender to HMCS Cornwallis in 1944, and salvaged SS James Miller aground near Grand Manan. Canada took seven of the fifty transferred destroyers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940-1945; article 1960
- Population
- RCN crew 1940-1945
- Limitations
- Retrospective naval press, not an official record; corroborates the boiler casualty and WLEF-only career documented by canada.ca. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-04
-
[5]DANFS specifications block (Wickes class, Bethlehem design) + Atlas shipyard dataset, bethlehem-shipbuilding record (yard-level asbestos product documentation incl. lagging, gaskets, Marinite, Unibestos) + canada.ca ship history (No. 4 boiler removal, Oct 1940) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block; shipyards.json 'bethlehem-shipbuilding' (aliases include Union Iron Works); canada.ca Annapolis page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: this hull is a Bethlehem-design Wickes-class flush-decker built 1918-19 at Bethlehem's Union Iron Works, San Francisco, with a four-boiler (water-tube), twin-shaft geared-steam-turbine plant rated in class references at ~27,000 shp. Steam plants of the era carried period-standard insulation, steam-line lagging, flange gaskets, and machinery packing for which asbestos was the standard marine material; the Atlas shipyard dataset documents asbestos product lines at Bethlehem Shipbuilding yards (tier 3, yard level). The hull-specific machinery-disturbance event is the October 1940 No. 4 boiler casualty and aftermost-funnel removal (canada.ca); secondary references place the repair at Halifax Dockyard through about February 1941 (NavSource contributor history - lead only, not record evidence).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1945
- Population
- Union Iron Works construction trades 1918-19; USN/RCN engineering crews 1919-1945; Halifax Dockyard workers 1940-41
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - no source names asbestos aboard this hull. The bethlehem-shipbuilding yard record's asbestos documentation concentrates on WWII-era Bethlehem yards (Quincy/Sparrows Point) and does not establish 1918-19 San Francisco material use on this hull. Halifax Dockyard repair event documents machinery removal, not insulation content. NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships per-vessel material specifications are the open archival lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-05
-
[6]Veterans Affairs Canada-commissioned report (CIMVHR): Thompson et al., 'Nominal Rolls: Lessons Learned from Developing the "Mustard Gas List"' (2010) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Thompson 2010 report, asbestos nominal-roll discussion (CIMVHR/VAC technical reports series)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- VAC-commissioned research on Canadian veteran exposure documentation: 'No nominal roll for asbestos exposure could be developed after the strong link between asbestosis and certain respiratory disorders was established because records were not available for service on navy ships during the era when asbestos was used... It was known which ships, ship types, and ships built in certain eras were likely to have been built using asbestos, but individual exposures were not documented and crew lists are no longer available.' Establishes that RCN ships of the WWII era are recognized at the agency level as likely asbestos-built while per-ship and per-person documentation does not exist.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2010 (report); WWII exposure era
- Population
- WWII-era RCN personnel (class context)
- Limitations
- Fleet/era-level Canadian context; does not name this hull, does not establish asbestos aboard Annapolis or exposure of any crew member, and documents why ship-level records cannot be produced for this era.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-06
-
[7]Batch-3180 search ledger (this record): DANFS/hazegray, NHHC Online Library, canada.ca RCN ships' history, USNI Proceedings, web sweep for hull-specific asbestos records; CourtListener exact-name and hull-number sweeps (see search_ledger for results) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-mackenzie-dd175-01 through sl-uss-mackenzie-dd175-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or material inventory naming DD-175 or HMCS Annapolis (I04) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was scrapped in 1945 - predating asbestos regulation and surviving-record practices - so no post-1970s documentation channel exists.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1918-19 steam plant is era-consistent with asbestos insulation. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility for any person.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-07
-
[8]NARA, Logbooks of the U.S. Navy: RG 24 Entry 118 (NAID 581208) pre-1941 logbooks at Archives I; Special List #44 item coverage; Library and Archives Canada RCN service records [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov navy logbooks research page; NARA Special List #44
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads not yet pulled: (1) NARA RG 24 Entry 118 holds pre-1941 U.S. Navy logbooks (Archives I, Washington, DC) covering this hull's 1919-1922 and 1939-1940 commissioned periods - machinery casualties and refits are logged at deck level; (2) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships records may hold Union Iron Works contract and material specifications; (3) Library and Archives Canada / DND hold RCN service and Halifax Dockyard repair records for the October 1940-February 1941 boiler removal.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1919-1945 records
- Limitations
- Leads only - none of these records was retrieved or reviewed; their content on this hull's materials is unknown and cannot be presumed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-08
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 authenticated searches (type=o opinions and type=r dockets), 2026-09-27 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-mackenzie-dd175-08 through sl-uss-mackenzie-dd175-11; Woo full text pulled from courts.wa.gov pdf 744585
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming DD-175 / HMCS Annapolis located. All hits were name collisions resolved by full-text or record inspection: (1) 'DD-175' hit = Baker v. United States, 417 F. Supp. 471 (W.D. Wash. 1975) - military flight-plan Form DD-175 in a Logair crash case, not the ship; (2) 'USS MacKenzie' docket hit = Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton Co., No. 2:07-cv-73417 (E.D. Pa., MDL-875), Doc. 96 Memorandum (Robreno, J., 2010-08-19) - 'USS Mackenzie' in a shipfitter's 1951-1996 Brooklyn Navy Yard work-history recital, temporally impossible for a hull scrapped in 1945 (likely USS MacKenzie DD-614 or unresolvable); (3) 'USS MacKenzie' opinion hit = Yeanna Woo v. General Electric Co., 198 Wn. App. 496, 393 P.3d 869 (2017) - vessel identified in the opinion as 'USS George K. MacKenzie' = DD-836 (Gearing class; DANFS dates quoted in opinion: launched 13 May 1945, commissioned 13 July 1945; Woo aboard July 1945-May 1946); (4) 'HMCS Annapolis' opinion sweep - 43 loose-relevance hits, zero mentioning this hull or pennant I04.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Litigation search coverage is limited to CourtListener-indexed state/federal opinions and federal dockets; unindexed state trial-court filings, settled MDL-875 claimant records, and Canadian proceedings are not covered. Each collision was resolved to a different hull or a non-ship reference, but no search can prove the absence of all possible litigation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd175-09