Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet fr-packet.md (7 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS MacKenzie (capital K in DANFS/NHHC rendering) | hull: DD-614 | designation: Destroyer | class: Benson **[MIRROR]** https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/dd-614.htm ; NHHC online library transcription https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/OnlineLibrary/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/dd614.htm
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-mackenzie-dd614-pkt-fr-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, MacKenzie III (DD-614) (canonical NHHC page, published 2015-08-05; live page returns 404 to automated fetch - verbatim text verified via Wayback capture and the HazeGray/LostHistory transcription at losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/destroy/dd614txt.htm) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, MacKenzie III: specification block + full service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down 29 May 1941 by Bethlehem Steel Co., San Pedro, Calif.; launched 27 June 1942; sponsored by Miss Gail Nielsen, descendant of Lt. Comdr. Alexander S. MacKenzie; commissioned 21 November 1942, Comdr. D. B. Miller in command. Spec block: 1,620 t, 348'4" x 36'1" x 17'4", 37.5 kt, complement 259, four 5-inch + AA, five 21-inch torpedo tubes. Entire WWII career in the Atlantic and Mediterranean: Panama Canal transit 1 March 1943; Casco Bay 13 March; transatlantic convoys; 16 May 1943 depth-charge attacks credited postwar with sinking U-182 west of Madeira; Sicily ("Cent" Attack Force, Scoglitti 10 July 1943); US-Mediterranean convoys to 7 October; North America-UK escort; Swansea repairs late autumn 1943; Naples/Anzio screening, fire support and ASW patrol from 18 March 1944 (assist against a two-man submarine 19 March); convoy duty from 6 June; Operation Anvil fire support August 1944; departed 15 September 1944 for a five-month Boston repair and overhaul; Mediterranean again February 1945; Franco-Italian border bombardment and Gulf of Genoa blockade 28 March-21 April 1945; Gibraltar convoy duty May 1945; US return July 1945; overhaul for Pacific service; Charleston Navy Yard inactivation from 4 November 1945; decommissioned 4 February 1946; entered Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Philadelphia January 1947. Four battle stars for WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1947
- Population
- Bethlehem San Pedro construction trades 1941-42; wartime crew (complement 259)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity, build data, and service history - no materials or asbestos content. Hazegray transcription reads reserve-fleet entry 'January 1946'; canonical NHHC text reads January 1947 (consistent with the 4 February 1946 decommissioning) - carried in gaps. Live NHHC page 404s; Wayback + HazeGray transcriptions verified verbatim-identical.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-01
-
[3]Naval Historical Center (NHHC), Online Library of Selected Images: USS MacKenzie (DD-614), 1942-1974 (mirrored via HyperWar/ibiblio) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC Online Library ship page (ibiblio mirror), narrative + NARA image list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC Online Library ship page for this hull confirms: Benson-class destroyer, 1,620 tons, built San Pedro, commissioned November 1942; Atlantic convoy escort from March 1943; U-182 sinking 16 May 1943; Sicily invasion July 1943; Anzio spring 1944; southern France August 1944; Mediterranean bombardment/patrol March-April 1945; decommissioned early February 1946; Atlantic Reserve Fleet 'mothballs' until stricken from the Naval Vessel Register at the beginning of July 1971; 'expended as a target off Florida in May 1974.' Also lists NARA-held views (80-G-381564 San Pedro 9 Dec 1942; 80-G-215573 off East Coast 18 Feb 1944) not in NHC's own collection.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1942-1974
- Population
- Atlantic Reserve Fleet custody workforce 1946-1971 (context); target-tow/striking crews 1971-74 (undocumented)
- Limitations
- NHHC photo-index page documents identity, service outline, and disposition - no materials or asbestos content. Disposition is stated only to the month ('May 1974'); the 6 May vs 1 June day-level conflict across secondary sources is carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-02
-
[4]NavSource Destroyer Photo Index, DD-614 USS MacKenzie (operational/building data) + uboat.net Allied Warships DD 614 entry + collectinghistory.net USS Newport News (CA-148) crew SINKEX account [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.org/archives/05/614.htm operational data; uboat.net/allies/warships/1783.html; collectinghistory.net/dd614/sinking.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary compilations resolve the disposition to the day level: NavSource and uboat.net read 'sunk as target off Florida May 6, 1974'; a USS Newport News (CA-148) crew account describes the ex-MacKenzie SINKEX on 6 May 1974 with Newport News 5-inch battery scoring hits. uboat.net command listing corroborates COs D. B. Miller (21 Nov 1942), B. N. Rittenhouse Jr. (1 Oct 1943), O. D. Hughlett (12 Nov 1944 - 4 Feb 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1942-1974
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Reputable secondary compilations and a participant account, not official records - day-level sinking date rests on these (NHHC states only 'May 1974'; Wikipedia reads 1 June 1974 - conflict carried in gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-03
-
[5]Consolidated class/era inference - Benson-class machinery data (DANFS spec block: 4 superheated boilers, geared turbines, twin screws, 50,000 h.p.; BuShips Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels Jan 1945, DD-421-class machinery row: 575 psi/700F boilers, 47,000 shp) + benson-gleaves-class profile (Atlas class file) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block (ev-01); BuShips SDB 1945 DD machinery table; class-f/benson-gleaves-class.class.json
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for this hull: a Benson-class destroyer built May 1941-November 1942 with four B&W superheated boilers (575 psi/700F) and ~47-50,000 shp geared steam turbines sits squarely in the Navy's peak asbestos era. Typical applications for the class: boiler casing and fireroom insulation, steam-pipe and turbine lagging, valve and flange gaskets and packing, fireproofing, deck coverings, accommodation insulation. Two documented yard periods (Swansea repair late 1943; five-month Boston Navy Yard repair/overhaul Sept 1944-Feb 1945) plus Charleston Navy Yard inactivation (Nov 1945-Feb 1946) are the machinery-disturbance events in this hull's record.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Bethlehem San Pedro construction trades 1941-42; Swansea and Boston Navy Yard repair workers 1943-45; Charleston Navy Yard inactivation workers 1945-46; wartime crew
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - no ship-specific asbestos record was located for this hull, and none of the named yard periods is documented with an asbestos scope. Establishes no quantities, no individual exposure, and no legal eligibility. 47,000 vs 50,000 shp is a documented class-level discrepancy (unresolved).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's shipboard asbestos-protection program: standing policy removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning era insulation typically remained aboard unless a yard period disturbed it. For this hull the relevant window is construction (1941-42) plus the documented yard periods (Swansea 1943; Boston 1944-45; Charleston inactivation 1945-46); she was stricken 1971 and sunk 1974, before the era of hull-survey disclosure and EPA vessel-sinking review.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation, not ship-specific - GAO fieldwork covered other yards; no statement about this hull's materials. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch; content via product-page description (standing limitation shared with class profile).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-05
-
[7]Yeanna Woo v. General Electric Co., 198 Wash. App. 496, 393 P.3d 869 (Wash. Ct. App. 2017), No. 74458-5-I (published); CourtListener opinion 4380294 [court_record]
- Locator
- Woo v. GE slip op. pp. 2-3 (service aboard 'USS George K. MacKenzie' July 1945-May 1946; 'launched 13 May 1945'); DD-836 build data per DANFS
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- The only CourtListener opinion hit for 'USS MacKenzie'/'USS Mackenzie' is a NAME COLLISION, not litigation naming this hull. Woo v. GE is a published asbestos products-liability opinion (summary judgment reversed and remanded): the decedent Yuen Wing Woo served as a machinist aboard 'the destroyer USS George K. MacKenzie' from July 1945 to May 1946, and the opinion quotes the service record that 'the USS MacKenzie was launched 13 May 1945' - i.e., USS George K. MacKenzie (DD-836), a Gearing-class destroyer launched 13 May 1945 at Bath Iron Works. DD-614 (commissioned 21 Nov 1942, in the Mediterranean 1945) is a different hull and is nowhere named in the opinion.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2017 (opinion); 1945-46 (exposure window recited, aboard DD-836)
- Population
- n/a (different hull)
- Limitations
- Collision classification verified by full-text review of the official published opinion (courts.wa.gov PDF 744585). Prevents misattribution of this asbestos case to DD-614; establishes nothing about DD-614 itself - no exposure, product, or condition finding applies to this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-06
-
[8]Batch-3586 search ledger (this record): CourtListener API v4 authenticated sweeps, opinion and RECAP docket indexes [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-mackenzie-dd614-04 through -08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation names this hull. Opinion sweep '"USS MacKenzie" OR "USS Mackenzie"' returned one hit (Woo v. GE) classified as a name collision on full-text review (ev-06); the 'DD-614' hull-number opinion sweep returned zero results. RECAP docket sweeps for both name spellings were attempted repeatedly and blocked by fleet-wide pacing (see search_ledger); no ship-specific asbestos litigation was located in any completed search. More broadly: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or other qualifying ship-specific asbestos record was located in any repository searched.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Coverage is limited to completed queries: the opinion index was swept for both name spellings and the hull number (0 hits); RECAP docket-level queries were deferred by fleet-wide pacing and are carried as pending ledger rows. Absence of a located record does not prove absence of exposure or litigation - non-indexed dockets and un-digitized records are outside coverage.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mackenzie-dd614-07