Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet em-packet.md (5 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-marcus-dd321-pkt-em-packet-md
-
[2]Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Marcus (DD-321)' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry: namesake paragraph, specification block, construction paragraph, service narrative, disposal paragraphs (Wayback capture 2020-12-05; live NHHC page returns 404)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: Clemson-class destroyer (displacement 1,190; length 314'5"; beam 31'8"; draft 9'4" mean; speed 35 knots; complement 122; armament 4 4-inch, 1 3-inch, 12 21-inch torpedo tubes). Laid down 20 May 1919 at San Francisco, Calif., by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp.; launched 22 August 1919, sponsored by Mrs. Arnold Marcus, widow of Lt. (j.g.) Arnold Marcus (namesake; died 27 July 1917 of injuries suffered in the explosion aboard submarine A-7 in Manila Bay); redesignated from Destroyer No. 321 to DD-321 on 17 July 1920; commissioned 23 February 1921, Lt. Cmdr. Charles E. Rosendahl in command. Service: Pacific Fleet, Squadron 13 then Squadron 12; west-coast operations Seattle to Panama; Feb-Mar 1924 Panama Canal simulated-attack maneuvers; Apr-Jul 1925 Hawaiian Islands tactical problems; Mar-Apr 1927 Caribbean maneuvers; Honolulu voyages 1927-1929. Decommissioned at San Diego 31 May 1930; disposed of in accordance with the London Naval Treaty; stricken from the Navy Register 28 January 1935; sunk during gunnery exercises 25 June 1935.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1919-1935
- Population
- Bethlehem/Union Plant construction trades 1919-1921; Pacific Fleet crew (complement 122)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity, construction, specifications, service history, and disposal - not materials or asbestos content. The specification block gives a design complement of 122, not a verified per-voyage crew count. Live NHHC page 404s; the archived NHHC page itself is cited.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-01
-
[3]U.S. Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images, 'USS Marcus (DD-321), 1921-1935' (ibiblio/HyperWar mirror) [other_primary]
- Locator
- usnsh-m/dd321.htm summary paragraph + NARA photo captions 19-LC-38-L-1, -L-2, -L-3
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Naval Historical Center Online Library record for this hull (ibiblio/HyperWar mirror): 'a 1190-ton Clemson class destroyer built at San Francisco, California, was commissioned in February 1921... served along the Pacific coast for most of her career, with voyages to Hawaii in 1925 and during 1927-1929, and a visit to the Caribbean area for U.S. Fleet maneuvers in 1927... decommissioned at the end of May 1930... stricken from the list of Naval vessels in January 1935 and sunk as a gunfire target in June of that year.' NARA-sourced photo captions document the launching at the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Union Plant, Potrero Works, San Francisco, on 22 August 1919 (19-LC-38-L-1); fitting out at the same plant on 26 December 1920 (19-LC-38-L-2); and a 1 April 1920 fitting-out view with sister hulls Kidder (319), Selfridge (320), Chase (323), Mervine (322), Marcus (321), LaVallette (315), and Yarborough (314) (19-LC-38-L-3).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1919-1935
- Population
- Union Plant construction trades 1919-1921; crew during 1921-1930 Pacific service
- Limitations
- Official photo-caption-level documentation of construction site and service summary; contains no asbestos or materials information. The caption's namesake wording differs slightly from the current DANFS entry on Lt. Marcus's death date (25 vs 27 July 1917); DANFS is carried.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-02
-
[4]DANFS 'Marcus (DD-321)' specification block (cl. Clemson); NHHC Online Library, 'USS Marcus (DD-321), 1921-1935' ('a 1190-ton Clemson class destroyer') [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS specification block; NHC Online Library summary paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Upstream metadata for this batch listed the ship's class as 'Hopkins.' No 'Hopkins' destroyer class exists; USS Hopkins (DD-249) was itself a Clemson-class destroyer. The DANFS specification block for DD-321 reads 'class Clemson,' and the NHHC/Naval Historical Center records identify her as a Clemson-class destroyer. The real hull is retained; the class value is corrected to Clemson.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1919-1935
- Limitations
- Corrects an upstream metadata label only; the underlying hull identity (DD-321) is unchanged. No asbestos or materials content is implied by the class correction itself.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-03
-
[5]National Archives, Special List 44, Named Vessels, Marcus (DD-321) entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- alphabetical table, Marcus (DD-321) row (2/23/1921-5/31/1930)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 (Named Vessels) lists Marcus (DD-321) deck logs for 23 February 1921 through 31 May 1930, matching the ship's commissioned service dates exactly.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1921-1930
- Population
- Crew, 1921-1930
- Limitations
- This is an inventory entry, not a review of the deck logs. NARA states deck logs do not directly document asbestos materials; these logs could help date machinery repairs or yard periods if examined.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-04
-
[6]NavSource Naval History, Destroyer Photo Index DD-321 USS Marcus (as-built block); NARA 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' (RG 19 Entry P 9; QM yard-correspondence filing practice) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DD-321 index page as-built block (26,500 SHP; geared turbines; 2 screws; crew 114); NARA guide GIB section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/class inference: DD-321 was a Clemson-class flush-deck destroyer built 1919-1921 with the class-standard plant of four water-tube boilers and geared steam turbines (NavSource compilation of official data: 26,500 shp, 2 screws; as-built crew 114). Steam vessels of this construction era carried thermal insulation on boilers, steam drums, and steam lines plus gaskets and packing, and insulation products of the period commonly contained asbestos fiber. NARA RG 19 Entry P 9 'Destroyer, Destroyer Escort, and Frigate General Information Books' and Bureau of Ships correspondence with the builder (Navy Filing Manual 'QM' series, Bethlehem Shipbuilding) hold per-vessel material specifications and are the archival leads for hull-level materials data.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1919-1935
- Population
- Bethlehem/Union Plant construction trades 1919-1921; crew 1921-1930
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - NO ship-specific asbestos finding; no surveyed material, specification sheet, or removal record for this hull was located. NavSource is a reputable volunteer archive used as an index/lead, not a primary source; its figures (114 crew, 1,215 tons) differ slightly from DANFS. NARA GIB and yard-correspondence retrieval not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-05
-
[7]U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian: Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament (London Naval Treaty), signed 22 April 1930 (FRUS 1930, vol. I); DANFS 'Marcus (DD-321)' disposal paragraph [other_primary]
- Locator
- FRUS 1930 vol. I doc 106 (treaty text); DANFS disposal paragraph names the treaty for this hull
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- DANFS records that Marcus was 'disposed of in accordance with the terms of the London Naval Treaty.' The Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament (signed 22 April 1930) capped destroyer tonnage and imposed age limits and scrapping/disposal obligations in the destroyer category, driving the mass disposal of worn World War I-program flush-deck destroyers in 1930-35 - the documented policy context for this hull's 31 May 1930 decommissioning, 28 January 1935 striking, and 25 June 1935 sinking as a gunnery target.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1930-1935
- Limitations
- DANFS itself ties this hull's disposal to the treaty; the treaty text does not name individual hulls. No asbestos or materials content. Sinking as a target (rather than scrapping) is the documented disposal mechanism for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-06
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket searches via authenticated fleet helper, 27 September 2026 [court_record]
- Locator
- type=o "USS Marcus" count=0; type=r "USS Marcus" count=0; type=o "DD-321" count=1 (txctapp15, non-qualifying collision); type=r "DD-321" blocked (helper exit 2, pacing)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming USS Marcus (DD-321) located on CourtListener. Authenticated v4 searches (2026-09-27): '"USS Marcus"' returned zero opinion results and zero RECAP docket results; '"DD-321"' opinions returned one hit - ASI Lloyds Insurance Co. v. Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (Tex. App. 15th Dist. 2025, No. 15-24-00083-CV), a property-insurance dispute in which 'DD-321' matches a document/exhibit string, a name collision unrelated to this hull or to asbestos. The '"DD-321"' RECAP docket query was blocked by the fleet pacing limiter and remains unrun.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Sweep covers CourtListener's opinion and RECAP indexes only - unindexed state-court filings, MDL-875 docket attachments, and non-digitized records are not captured; the hull-number docket query did not run this session (fleet pacing stand-down). A hull sunk in 1935 predates the asbestos-litigation era, so absence of hits is expected rather than exculpatory. Distinct-hull caution: USS Marcus Island (CVE-77, 1944-1946) is a different vessel; no 'USS Marcus' hits of any kind were returned.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-07
-
[9]Scoped negative review of DANFS/NHHC, NHC Online Library, NARA inventories and asbestos research guide, NavSource, and CourtListener; see search_ledger [other_primary]
- Locator
- scoped source review and search_ledger sl-01 through sl-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Scoped review of the NHHC DANFS entry and NHC Online Library page, NARA Special List 44 and the NARA Navy-asbestos research guide, NavSource, and CourtListener yielded no verified ship-specific asbestos document for DD-321: no survey, no abatement record, no materials list, no hazard disclosure, no qualifying litigation naming this hull. Asbestos material and crew exposure aboard this hull remain unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1919-1935 (vessel); 2026 (review)
- Limitations
- Negative finding is limited to the named public sources and searches; it is not proof that the vessel lacked asbestos. NARA RG 19 archival files (General Information Books, builder correspondence) have not been inspected.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-marcus-dd321-08