Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, "Mockingbird II (YMS-419)" [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, opening construction paragraph (indirect retrieval - see limitations_note)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- YMS-419 was laid down 1943-09-17 by Henry C. Grebe & Co., Chicago, Illinois; launched 1944-03-23; and commissioned 1944-11-18 as USS YMS-419, a YMS-1-class (YMS-135 group) motor minesweeper.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Limitations
- Identity/construction record only; contains no asbestos information and establishes nothing about materials aboard, exposure, or causation. history.navy.mil returned HTTP 503 (and bare-curl connection failure) to every direct fetch this session; content was retrieved only indirectly, through multiple search-engine queries restricted to history.navy.mil that resolved to this page, and convergent secondary compilations. Verification is therefore 'partial', not 'verified', until the DANFS text is read directly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-01
-
[2]NHHC DANFS, "Mockingbird II (YMS-419)" [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, reclassification and disposition paragraphs (indirect retrieval)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- YMS-419 was reclassified Motor Minesweeper AMS-27 and named Mockingbird in February 1947; reclassified Coastal Minesweeper (Old) MSC(O)-27 on 1955-02-07; and decommissioned 1956-01-06, transferred the same day to the Republic of Korea under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program, where she served as Ko Chang (MSC(O)-521).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1947-1956
- Limitations
- Designation/disposition chronology only; no asbestos content. The 1947 reclassification day is reported as 17 February and 18 February 1947 in different retrievals - carried as 'February 1947' here and the conflict logged in gaps. The ROK hull designation (MSC(O)-521 vs MSC-521) also varies by source. U.S. custody ended 1956, so no U.S.-side end-of-life or scrapping record is expected. history.navy.mil returned HTTP 503 (and bare-curl connection failure) to every direct fetch this session; content was retrieved only indirectly, through multiple search-engine queries restricted to history.navy.mil that resolved to this page, and convergent secondary compilations. Verification is therefore 'partial', not 'verified', until the DANFS text is read directly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-02
-
[3]NHHC Photography, National Archives 80-G series: 80-G-422081 ("Mine Division Thirty-One") and 80-G-422164 ("USS Mockingbird (AMS-27)") [other_primary]
- Locator
- Catalog pages 80-G-422081 and https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nara-series/80-g/80-G-420000/80-G-422164.html (captions retrieved indirectly via search index; direct render HTTP 503)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC's online photograph catalog (National Archives 80-G series) indexes Mockingbird (AMS-27) as one of the four ships of Mine Division 31 photographed at Yokosuka, Japan, dated 1950-11-30, following Korean War mine-clearance operations (Wonsan, October-November 1950), and holds a separate photograph titled 'USS Mockingbird (AMS-27)' (80-G-422164).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1950
- Limitations
- Establishes Korean War service context (unit and theater) only; photograph captions say nothing about shipboard materials, insulation, or asbestos, and do not establish any individual's presence, exposure, or causation. Caption wording was not read from a direct render; the precise caption text must be confirmed before any quotation. history.navy.mil returned HTTP 503 (and bare-curl connection failure) to every direct fetch this session; content was retrieved only indirectly, through multiple search-engine queries restricted to history.navy.mil that resolved to this page, and convergent secondary compilations. Verification is therefore 'partial', not 'verified', until the DANFS text is read directly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-03
-
[4]Unverified secondary compilation (DANFS-derived summaries surfaced by search); flagged for confirmation against the DANFS text or official Navy award records [other_primary]
- Locator
- Not located in a directly read primary source this session
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary compilations state that as YMS-419 the ship received one battle star for post-World War II minesweeping in the Pacific, and as Mockingbird ten battle stars for Korean War service.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1945-1953
- Limitations
- Carried only as a flagged, unverified service-context figure (house rule: unverified items are recorded as such, not silently dropped or promoted). Battle stars are not asbestos evidence and establish nothing about materials aboard, exposure, or causation. Not relied on in prose except as explicitly unverified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-04
-
[5]NHHC DANFS, "Mockingbird I (AMc-28)" and "Mockingbird II (YMS-419)" entries [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS M index: mockingbird-i.html and mockingbird-ii.html (both page titles resolved via search index; direct render HTTP 503)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS carries a separate entry, "Mockingbird I (AMc-28)", for an earlier, unrelated vessel of the same name (a coastal minesweeper that left federal custody in 1945). This record's hull is "Mockingbird II" (YMS-419/AMS-27). The two ships share only a name; evidence about one is not evidence about the other. A separate Atlas record for AMc-28 exists on branch batch-1563/uss-mockingbird-amc28.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Disambiguation row only - prevents cross-attribution between the two Mockingbirds; contains no asbestos information. AMc-28 facts are taken from the Batch 1563 record and were not re-verified here. history.navy.mil returned HTTP 503 (and bare-curl connection failure) to every direct fetch this session; content was retrieved only indirectly, through multiple search-engine queries restricted to history.navy.mil that resolved to this page, and convergent secondary compilations. Verification is therefore 'partial', not 'verified', until the DANFS text is read directly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-05
-
[6]Corn, J.K., and Starr, J., "Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding," American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987). PMID 3555021 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract (PubMed PMID 3555021, read via NCBI E-utilities 2026-09-24)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical scholarship documents extensive use of asbestos as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during the 1940s, when World War II industrial expansion produced an unprecedented rise in asbestos use - the construction period (1943-1944) in which this hull was built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1940s (published 1987)
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers (program-level context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship verified at the abstract level only (full text not read). It does not name this vessel, its builder (Henry C. Grebe & Co.), the YMS-1 class, or wood-hulled motor minesweepers, and does not establish that asbestos was ever installed aboard this hull, where, in what quantity, or that anyone was exposed. It is context for research prioritization, never a ship-specific finding. This hull was a motor (non-steam) minesweeper, so the boiler/steam-lagging pathway that dominates large-ship records does not apply; no source located speaks to asbestos use in this class's engine, exhaust, or auxiliary systems.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-06
-
[7]Batch-1716 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS and photo catalog (indirect), Naval Vessel Register (blocked), NARA catalog (not reached), CourtListener API v4 opinion/RECAP/document indexes, PubMed [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-mockingbird-ams27-01 through -10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos record was located for YMS-419/AMS-27/MSC(O)-27: no hull survey, abatement or overhaul record naming asbestos-containing material, foreign-transfer condition disclosure, or class-specific (YMS-1 or Grebe-built) technical document identifying asbestos products was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove asbestos was absent aboard this hull; it records only that none surfaced in this session, whose access to NHHC, NVR and NARA was blocked or indirect. Does not establish or defeat any exposure, causation, or eligibility claim. A hull that left U.S. custody in 1956 is unlikely to have U.S.-side abatement or disposal records - a structural limitation, not a finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-07
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 (authenticated connector) searches, 2026-09-24; MDL No. 875 (J.P.M.L.) Doc. 6384-5, RECAP document id 386398813 [court_record]
- Locator
- RECAP doc 386398813, Schedule B p. 27 of 31 (sole 'mockingbird' match, char 40901); remaining queries logged in search_ledger sl-uss-mockingbird-ams27-05 to -07
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this vessel was located in CourtListener. Searches on "USS Mockingbird", "U.S.S. Mockingbird", YMS-419, AMS-27 and MSC(O)-27 across the opinion, RECAP docket and RECAP document indexes returned no ship-referencing result. Every 'Mockingbird' hit was a name collision: street addresses (Mockingbird Lane/LLCs, largely N.D. Tex.), 'To Kill a Mockingbird' rights disputes, 'AMS' company names, and OCR noise. The single asbestos-docket hit - MDL No. 875 Doc. 6384-5 (tag-along notice attaching Gregory v. Bayer Cropscience, Inc., E.D.N.C. No. 5:10-cv-00364) - matched 'Mockingbird' only as the plaintiff's street address ('4420 Mockingbird Lane, Wilmington, NC'); it does not mention this vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Negative result for the CourtListener corpus only; CourtListener does not index most state-court asbestos dockets, bankruptcy-trust claim filings, or sealed/settled matters, so a veteran's claim involving this ship could exist outside it. The Gregory hit is classified as a name collision (address), not as litigation about this vessel, and is not exposure evidence of any stage. Nothing here classifies any case at pleading, discovery, trial, or judgment stage for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-08
-
[9]Archival leads (NHHC, NARA, NVR) - not yet consulted [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC photo pages NH-79733 / NH-96909 (titles via search index); NARA RG 19 finding aids; nvr.navy.mil (unreachable)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for ship-specific material documentation not reached this session: NHHC Ship History (command file) for YMS-419/Mockingbird; NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) general correspondence and booklet-of-general-plans holdings for YMS-419 and Grebe-built YMS hulls; Naval Vessel Register record for AMS-27/MSC(O)-27 (secondary sources give a strike date of 1974-11-15, unverified); and NHHC photographs NH 79733 and NH 96909 (captioned USS YMS-419).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Leads only - none of these holdings was read, and none is known to contain asbestos information. Listed to direct future archival work; they establish nothing about materials aboard, exposure, or causation. The 1974 strike date is secondary-source only and is not asserted in the record's fields.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-mockingbird-ams27-09