Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet 880-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-munising-pc1228-pkt-880-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Munising (PC-1228) - construction, commissioning, wartime service narrative, reserve-fleet naming, disposal (live NHHC page verified via rendered fetch; direct fetch bot-blocked with 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Munising entry, service narrative and spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 7 September 1942 by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Co., Sturgeon Bay, Wis.; launched 18 November 1942, sponsored by Mrs. C. R. Christianson; transferred down the Mississippi River to New Orleans, arriving 19 May 1943; commissioned 21 May 1943, Lt. J. M. Jordan in command (page misprints '21 May 1948' - a typo contradicted by the entry's own chronology and all other sources). After Gulf-coast shakedown and ASW training out of Miami during June, she reported to the Eastern Sea Frontier 28 June, conducting antisubmarine patrols and escort along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts; ordered to the Canal Zone 26 November, arriving Coco Solo 5 December, she patrolled under the Commander, Panama Sea Frontier. She reported to the 16th Fleet 24 May 1946 and decommissioned at Green Cove Springs, Fla., 19 July 1946; while berthed with the Atlantic Reserve Fleet she was named Munising 15 February 1956; authorized for disposal 22 July 1957; struck from the Navy list 5 September 1957; sold for scrapping 1 July 1958 to Boston Metals Co., Baltimore, Md. Spec block: dp. 280; l. 173'8"; b. 23'; dr. 10'10"; s. 20 k.; cpl. 65; a. 1 3", 1 40mm., 5 20mm., 2 rkt., 4 dcp., 2 dct; cl. PC-461.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1958 (entry coverage)
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); reserve-fleet caretakers (1946-58)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Two internal defects: the '1948' commissioning-year misprint, and a compressed narrative that reads as continuous Canal Zone duty 'during the remainder of World War II' although official records document a Pacific deployment (see ev-03, ev-04). Spec block rendered with OCR artifacts on the live page (e.g. '1781'8"', '1 8"' for 173'8" and 1 3"/50).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, Munising (PC-1228) - milestone timeline, specifications, commanding-officer table, service photography (live page verified) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/011228.htm header block, specifications block, commanding-officer table, photo captions; crew gallery 12/011228c.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 7 September 1942 by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Co., Sturgeon Bay; launched 18 November 1942; commissioned USS PC-1228 21 May 1943 at New Orleans; decommissioned 19 July 1946 at Green Cove Springs and laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Florida Group - the Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 lists the plan for decommissioning and placing in reserve as January 1947; named Munising 15 February 1956; authorized for disposal 22 July 1957; struck from the Naval Register 5 September 1957; sold for scrap 1 July 1958 to Boston Metals Co. of Baltimore. Specifications: displacement 295 t. light / 450 t. full; length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 10'10"; speed 20.2 kts.; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 DP mount, one 40mm, three 20mm, two rocket launchers, four depth-charge projectors, two depth-charge tracks; propulsion two 1,440 bhp General Motors 16-258S diesels (serials 10854 and 10857), Farrel-Birmingham single-reduction gear, two shafts. Commanding-officer table lists nine COs, LT Jack W. Jordan, USNR (21 May 1943) through LTJG D. Cimma, USNR (to 19 July 1946). Photography documents the hull entering floating drydock USS AFD-9 at New Caledonia (NHHC photo L45-193.04.01) and at Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, c. July 1945 (MoMM3/c Rudolf W. Keil via Paul E. Petosky); the crew gallery adds Noumea, New Caledonia, c. December 1944 and Auckland, New Zealand, June 1945 (E. J. Comeau RdM1/c, crewmember 15 September 1943 - December 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1958
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); shipbreakers, Boston Metals Co., Baltimore (1958)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates track DANFS/NVR but photo dates are contributor-provided. Contains no asbestos content. The 1958 scrapping predates modern ACM-handling regulation; no hazmat or material record for the breakup was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-02
-
[4]NHHC Naval Subjects Collection, photo catalog L45-193.04.01, 'USS Munising (PC-1228)' (live page verified via rendered fetch; direct fetch bot-blocked with 404) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC photo catalog L45-193.04.01 caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC catalog caption: 'USS Munising (PC-1228) prepares to enter Ship Repair Unit AD-40's floating drydock USS AFD-9 at New Caledonia, for overhaul and sound gear repairs.' Documents this hull in the South Pacific for a drydocking availability - evidence of Pacific service that the DANFS entry's 'remainder of World War II' Canal Zone framing omits.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (Pacific deployment window)
- Population
- Crew during the AFD-9 availability; Ship Repair Unit AD-40 drydock trades, New Caledonia
- Limitations
- A photo caption establishes presence at New Caledonia and the fact of an overhaul/sound-gear repair availability in AFD-9 - it is not a work package and does not enumerate work performed or materials involved. No asbestos content. Caption is undated in the catalog entry; the ship's Pacific presence is corroborated by ev-04 and NavSource crew photography (Dec 1944 - Jul 1945 window).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-03
-
[5]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (official organization list, Navy Department Library online reading room; live page verified via rendered fetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Pacific Fleet organization list, Service Force Pacific Fleet / Service Squadron Two PC roster (printed p. 105)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization list carries PC 1228 in the Service Force, Pacific Fleet listing (Service Squadron Two vessel roster), commanding officer Lt. (jg) E. G. Hotchkiss, Jr. (USNR) - matching the NavSource CO table (LTJG Edward G. Hotchkiss, Jr., USNR, December 1944 - March 1945; the org list can lag personnel changes). Documents this hull assigned to the Pacific Fleet in the war's final months.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-05-01 (list date)
- Population
- Crew under LTJG Hotchkiss, Pacific service, spring 1945
- Limitations
- An organization list documents assignment and commanding officer as of 1 May 1945, not movements or operations; it does not date the transfer from the Panama Sea Frontier. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-04
-
[6]Library of Congress, Veterans History Project, Robert D. May Collection (AFC/2001/001/16589) - service summary (live page verified via rendered fetch; direct fetch returned 403) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LOC VHP service summary block for AFC/2001/001/16589
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Veterans History Project service summary for Robert D. May: Navy service 1944-1946; service unit/ship 'USS PC 1228 Munising (Submarine Chaser); USS PCE 871 (Patrol Craft Escort)'; location of service 'Pacific Theater'; highest rank Quartermaster Third Class. An individual veteran record aboard this hull during its Pacific deployment.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (service dates)
- Population
- Robert D. May, QM3; PC-1228 crew 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Vessel-history/personnel record only - an oral-history collection entry establishing that a named quartermaster served aboard during 1944-46 in the Pacific. It is NOT an exposure record and makes no asbestos claim. Oral-history audio contents not reviewed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-05
-
[7]All Hands magazine (Bureau of Naval Personnel), April 1956 issue, 'Cities Go on Patrol' naming table (third-party-hosted scan of the official Navy magazine; PDF full text extracted and verified) [other_primary]
- Locator
- All Hands April 1956, p. 51, 'Cities Go on Patrol' table, column 4 ('PC-1228-Munising')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The April 1956 All Hands documents the naming program under which this hull received her name: 'Patrol vessels, which previously were known only by hull numbers, will now be recognized by individual names, after cities of the United States' - 141 submarine chasers, escorts and rescue escorts named for cities of 2,500-107,000 population, effective February 1956, with 101 of them 173-foot PCs and the remainder in the inactive fleet; the printed table lists 'PC-1228-Munising'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1956
- Limitations
- Documents the naming program and the PC-1228-to-Munising assignment; corroborates DANFS's 15 February 1956 date. The cited file is a third-party-hosted scan (quietwarriors.wordpress.com) of the official magazine - the official allhands.navy.mil archive is JS-driven and the specific issue could not be fetched there this session. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-06
-
[8]Shipbuilding History (shipbuildinghistory.com), Bay Shipbuilding / Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding yard list, Sturgeon Bay WI (live page verified) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/bay.htm, 'Built by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding' table, hull 285 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The industry yard compilation records this hull in the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding build list as yard hull 285: 'PC 1228 | U.S. Navy | Sub Chaser | 284 GT | 174 ft | delivery 21-May-43 | Named Munising 1956, scrapped 1958.' Corroborates the builder, the 21 May 1943 completion/commissioning date (against the DANFS page's '1948' misprint), the naming, and the disposal. Yard lineage: Leathem D. Smith became Christy Corp., merged into Bay Shipbuilding (1967), now Fincantieri Bay Shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1943 (build)
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith yard trades (1942-43)
- Limitations
- A respected commercial compilation of yard records, not a government registry - used for corroboration of build data, not as sole authority. 'Delivery' date coincides with the documented commissioning date. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: DANFS spec block and NavSource specifications (diesel PC-461-class plant); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block; NavSource specifications block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A PC-461-class submarine chaser built 1942-43 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a diesel patrol craft of this period were machinery-space thermal insulation, diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and deck coverings in the confined hull volume. As a diesel-powered craft she carried no boilers or steam turbines - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1958
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); AFD-9/Ship Repair Unit AD-40 drydock trades (New Caledonia); reserve-fleet caretakers; Boston Metals shipbreakers (1958)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PC-1228. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at the Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards and documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation aboard ships; per the published highlights, the Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for repairs, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942-43) and service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Product page and highlights verified via rendered fetch (direct fetch returns 403 to automated requests); full-text PDF not extracted this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-09
-
[11]Batch-7724 search ledger (this record): DANFS live page; NavSource; NHHC photo catalog; NHHC 1945 Pacific Fleet organization list; LOC Veterans History Project; All Hands April 1956 scan; Shipbuilding History yard list; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation/asbestos sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-munising-pc1228-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming PC-1228/USS Munising was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated API reported the daily quota exhausted (~2.1 h to reset, a multi-hour wait indicating the shared daily quota was spent); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. 'Munising' is a moderate-collision term (Michigan municipality; Munising paper/wood-products companies appear in the opinion index) and no collision was a ship case. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing listicles asserting asbestos aboard Navy ships generally - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run). NARA deck logs, Leathem D. Smith work packages, the AFD-9 availability record, and Boston Metals scrapping records are undigitized or unverified leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-10
-
[12]Source-conflict cross-check: live DANFS page vs NavSource timeline and specifications vs Shipbuilding History delivery record vs NHHC 1945 Pacific Fleet organization list vs Wikipedia USS Munising article (body incorporates DANFS; infobox carries inconsistent data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS Munising entry; NavSource 12/011228.htm; shipbuildinghistory.com bay.htm hull 285; NHHC L45-193.04.01 and 1 May 1945 organization list; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Munising
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTIONS: (1) The live DANFS page prints 'commissioned 21 May 1948' - a misprint; the entry's own chronology (arrived New Orleans 19 May 1943, June training, 28 June reporting), the NavSource timeline, and the Shipbuilding History delivery record (21-May-43) all require 21 May 1943. (2) DANFS reads as continuous Canal Zone duty 'during the remainder of World War II', but the official record documents Pacific service: NHHC photo L45-193.04.01 (AFD-9 drydock, New Caledonia), the 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization list (PC 1228, Service Squadron Two), and crew-credited photography at Noumea (Dec 1944), Auckland (Jun 1945), and Espiritu Santo (Jul 1945). (3) The Wikipedia infobox conflicts with its own DANFS-derived body: it shows laid down 20 December 1942, launched 10 March 1943, commissioned 12 July 1943, decommissioned March 1946, 'Reclassified PCC-1230', and 'Pacific Reserve Fleet' - none supported by DANFS or NavSource; the PCC-1230 entry appears to be data belonging to PC-1230 (Grinnell), not this hull. DANFS/NavSource values are carried throughout; the infobox data is treated as corrupted and excluded.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1958 (milestone window)
- Limitations
- Corrects circulating secondary-source errors, not a material claim. Minor spec conflicts also noted: displacement 280 t (DANFS) vs 295 t light / 450 t full (NavSource); 20mm count 5 (DANFS) vs 3 (NavSource). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-munising-pc1228-11