Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]research packet 861-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-1144-pc1144-pkt-861-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-1144 page (build milestones, U.S./France/South Vietnam service chain, specifications, photographic record; page states 'There is no DANFS History currently available for PC-1144') [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/011144.htm header block, specifications block, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 7 May 1943 at Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI; launched 4 October 1943; commissioned USS PC-1144, 20 May 1944; decommissioned in January 1947 and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet, Columbia River Group; transferred to France in 1951 and named Mousquet (P 633); transferred to South Vietnam in 1956 and renamed Chi Lang (HQ 01); struck from the Naval Register in 1961 and scrapped. Specifications: displacement 280 t. light / 450 t. full; length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 10'10"; speed 20.2 kts; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one 40mm mount, three 20mm guns, two rocket launchers, four depth-charge projectors, two depth-charge tracks; propulsion two 1,440 bhp General Motors 16-278A diesel engines, Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts. Photographic record: PC-1144 moored with SC-1001 at Santiago de Cuba, circa 1945 (Wright); Chi Lang (HQ 01) in Vietnamese service, 1950s (Radigan). Call sign Nan-George-Xray-Dog.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1961
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades (1943-44); U.S. Navy crew (1944-47); French Navy crew (1951-55/56); Republic of Vietnam Navy crew (1955/56-61); 1961 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track official records but the hull predates online NVR coverage (disposed 1961) so milestones are not independently verified against NVR. The Santiago de Cuba photograph establishes presence in the Caribbean circa 1945, not the operational record; detailed WWII assignments are undocumented in public sources. 'Struck from the Naval Register in 1961 and scrapped' does not distinguish a U.S.-register administrative strike from RVN disposal. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-01
-
[3]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Colton), 'Defoe Shipbuilding, Bay City MI' yard production table, row for hull no. 229; defoenet.com Defoe company histories ('The Defoe Story'; the Swanson yard history) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Defoe yard table, hull no. 229 row (and PC 451/PC 452 'Prototype' rows); https://www.defoenet.com/shipbuild/defoe-story (design contract, design-agent role, 160+ deliveries); https://www.defoenet.com/shipbuild/swanson-history (~56 PCs, ~one per week) - both verified live 2026-10-03
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Defoe yard production table lists hull no. 229 as 'PC 1144 / US Navy / Sub Chaser / 463d / 173 [ft] / 20-May-44' - corroborating the build sequence and the 20 May 1944 delivery/commissioning; the same table shows the two experimental prototypes built at Defoe (PC 451, delivered 12-Aug-40, 'Prototype'; PC 452, 'Prototype, reclassified 1944 as Castine (IX 211)'). Defoe's own company-history pages (defoenet.com) document the design lineage: in 1939 Defoe was awarded the Navy contract to design and build the first U.S. 173-foot subchaser, 'Defoe was named design agent for additional subchaser contractors,' and the yard completed some 56 PC boats during the war at rates approaching one hull per week (Swanson history); the Defoe Story page records over 160 vessels delivered to the Navy during the WWII emergency.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades (1943-44)
- Limitations
- Carried for the build record only (yard no. 229, 20-May-44): this source's disposition note for the row - 'To Free French 1944 as Mousquet (P 633), to Vietnam as Chi Lang (HQ 03)' - contains errors against the corroborated record (the hull was in U.S. commission until January 1947, went to France in 1951 not 1944, and was HQ-01 not HQ-03); flagged in gaps, not asserted. Secondary compilation; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, 'USS PC-1144 (PC-1144)' - patrol craft of the PC-461 class (build dates, order date, commanding officers, transfer chain) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship record 8689, data table + commands section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's warship record for this hull gives: ordered 27 February 1942; built by Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, Michigan; laid down 7 May 1943; launched 4 October 1943; commissioned 20 May 1944; transferred to France after the war and renamed Mousquet; later transferred to South Vietnam and renamed Chi Lang. Commanding officers listed (WWII period only): G. G. Thompson, USNR (20 May 1944 - late 1944); Harry A. Thompson, Jr., USNR (late 1944 - late 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- U.S. Navy crew (1944-45 command window)
- Limitations
- Secondary wartime database; the 27 February 1942 order date is unique to this source among those consulted (uncorroborated this session). The commanders section is self-flagged by the site as a work in progress covering WWII only. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-03
-
[5]postenavalemilitaire.com (Marines de Guerre et Poste Navale), fiche '* MOUSQUET (1951/1955)'; corroborated by navypedia.org 'L'Eveille coastal escorts' table row 'Mousquet (ex-PC1144), P633, yard 229' [other_primary]
- Locator
- postenavalemilitaire.com topic t9983, HISTORIQUE and CARACTERISTIQUES blocks; navypedia.org fr_es_pc.htm, Mousquet (ex-PC1144) row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- French-service record for this hull: 'Patrouilleur PC-1144 de l'U.S Navy, il fut cede a la Royale et mis en service en mars 1951. Affecte a Saigon, il participa a l'Operation Camargue d'aout 1953. Cede a la Marine du Vietnam en 1955, il prit le nom de Chi Lang.' - i.e., ex-PC-1144 entered French service in March 1951 (mis en service 03 mars 1951) as patrouilleur Mousquet, hull symbol P633; based at Saigon; participated in Operation Camargue (August 1953, First Indochina War); disarmed 1955 and transferred to the Vietnam Navy as Chi Lang. Navypedia corroborates yard no. 229, Defoe Bay City, and 'to South Vietnam 1.1955 (Chi Lang)'.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1951-1956
- Population
- French Navy crew (1951-55/56), Saigon/Indochina station; Republic of Vietnam Navy crew
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary sources (French naval postal-history site; navypedia warship database), not archival publications. France-to-RVN transfer year is given as 1955 by both French-side sources and as 1956 by NavSource and a Vietnamese-language secondary (25-6-1956) - conflict carried in gaps; '1955/56' used. The postenavalemilitaire fiche contains minor errors ('PC-114' alias typo; mislabels Chi Lang's navy) - core milestone facts are corroborated by navypedia. Specifications on the French page reflect French-service refit figures and differ slightly from U.S. figures (which are carried). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943), U.S. service (1944-47), and foreign service (1951-61).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description, same access limitation noted in the Batch-98 record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: NavSource PC-1144 spec block (2 x GM 16-278A diesels, 1,440 bhp each, Farrel-Birmingham reduction gear, 2 shafts; steel-hulled 173-ft class); NavSource PC-461 class index (steel-hulled twin-diesel construction, three building series 1941-44); Patrol Craft Sailors Association class specs (5 officers + 60 enlisted; 3,000 nm @ 12 kt); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy-wide asbestos insulation era) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/011144.htm specifications block; NavSource 12/01idx.htm class index; ww2pcsa.org patrol-craft.html class specs; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A PC-461-class submarine chaser built May-October 1943 at a WWII contract yard was a steel-hulled, twin-screw, diesel-powered patrol craft (two GM 16-278A diesels, no steam plant). Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a diesel patrol craft of this period were diesel exhaust-system lagging and muffler insulation, engine-room machinery and piping insulation, gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, and deck coverings/fireproof paneling - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. GAO documents Navy-wide asbestos insulation use aboard ships through this hull's construction and service era; material substitution did not begin until the early 1970s, a decade after this hull was scrapped.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1961
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades (1943-44); U.S. crew (1944-47); French crew (1951-55/56); RVN crew (1955/56-61); 1961 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, work package, or survey located for PC-1144. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution. No asbestos-specific documentation for builder Defoe Shipbuilding was located in authoritative sources this session (law-firm marketing claims about the yard excluded by source policy).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-06
-
[8]NARA RG 24 deck-log lead for USS PC-1144 (1944-1947 commission window); NavSource photographic record (Santiago de Cuba, c.1945; RVN service, 1950s) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov (JS-rendered, unfetchable); NavSource 12/011144.htm photo captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The hull's detailed U.S. operational record is held in NARA RG 24 deck logs (1944-47 commission window), which are not digitized publicly; the catalog.archives.gov interface is JS-rendered and could not be queried this session. These logs are the open archival lead for wartime assignments, yard availabilities, and any machinery work aboard. The only public location documentation for the U.S. period is the NavSource photograph placing PC-1144 with SC-1001 at Santiago de Cuba, circa 1945.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- U.S. Navy crew (1944-47)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - deck-log holdings for this specific hull are inferred from the RG 24 series for the era, not confirmed in the catalog (JS-rendered, unfetchable). Photographs establish presence, not assignments or work performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-07
-
[9]Batch-7658 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry); NVR (predates coverage); NPS NRHP (no designation); NavSource; shipbuildinghistory.com; uboat.net; postenavalemilitaire.com; navypedia.org; ww2pcsa.org; GAO product page; NARA deck logs (not digitized); CourtListener (blocked); secondary-web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-01 through sl-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming PC-1144 / Mousquet (P 633) / Chi Lang (HQ-01) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated helper reported the shared daily quota exhausted (~3.5 h server-directed stand-down); logged as blocked, not as a negative result. The secondary-web litigation sweep surfaced no qualifying case and no hull-specific marketing claims (no law-firm listicle found asserting asbestos aboard this hull by name). The hull was scrapped in 1961, so no museum-condition or present-day ACM record can exist.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the litigation-repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run). Deck logs, builder work packages, MDAP transfer files, and 1961 disposal records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1144-pc1144-08