Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 862-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (thin sourcing disclosed below)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (thin sourcing disclosed below)
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-1168-pc1168-pkt-862-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PCC-1168 ex-PC-1168 - designation timeline, specifications, photographic record (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/011168.htm header block, specifications block, and photo captions (San Clemente 1946; Roanoke tow c.1951; Norfolk c.1951; 80-G-640309)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 3 April 1943 by the Sullivan Dry Dock and Repair Co., Brooklyn, NY; launched 3 July 1943; commissioned USS PC-1168 on 31 December 1943; reclassified Control Submarine Chaser PCC-1168 in August 1945; placed in service as a Naval Reserve training vessel December 1947 assigned to the 4th Naval District (Philadelphia); decommissioned 19 May 1954, transferred to the Republic of China and reclassified PC-116; struck from the Chinese Navy list 16 December 1970; fate unknown. Specifications: displacement 280 t (lt) / 450 t (fl); length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 10'10"; speed 20.2 kts; complement 65; two 1,440 bhp General Motors 16-278A diesels (serial nos. 14240 and 14241), Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts. Photo captions place the hull on an anti-submarine exercise off San Clemente Island, CA circa 1946; under tow by USS Roanoke (CL-145) during filming of 'You're In The Navy Now' circa 1951; and at Norfolk, VA circa 1951 with USS Marquette (AKA-95) moored astern. National Archives photo 80-G-640309 is credited for a PC-116 image. CO listing: LTJG Hans Peter Hansen, USN, 1946. Page explicitly notes 'There is no DANFS History currently available for PC-1168.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1970
- Population
- Sullivan Dry Dock construction trades (1943); crew (1943-1954); Naval Reserve trainees, 4th Naval District (1947-1954); ROCN crew (1954-1970)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track NVR/DANFS but no DANFS entry exists for this hull to verify against; the 31 December 1943 commissioning date is corroborated by uboat.net, NavalCoverMuseum, and the shipbuildinghistory delivery record (Wikipedia carries a 3 December variant - see gaps). Contains no asbestos content. The 1970 disposal record ends at 'fate unknown.'
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-01
-
[3]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS PC-1168 (PC-1168) - construction data, commanding officers, convoy UGS 47 war diary (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/8696 - commands table; 'Notable events' convoy UGS 47 entries (4 Jul 1944 departure; 16 Jul 1944 fueling; 23 Jul 1944 Bizerta arrival)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented WWII service for this hull: ordered 20 November 1942; commissioned 31 December 1943. Commanding officers: Roswell R. Hart, USNR (31 Dec 1943 - 17 Jan 1945); Lt. Harry L. Backus, USNR (from 17 Jan 1945). Convoy record: PC-1168 (Lt. R.R. Hart, USNR) was among ten patrol vessels 'on passage to the Mediterranean' with convoy UGS 47, departed Hampton Roads 4 July 1944 under escort of USCGC Campbell and CortDiv 5/56 destroyer escorts; fuelled at sea from USS Escalante 16 July 1944; arrived Bizerta with the escort group 23 July 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Crew under Lt. Roswell R. Hart, USNR (commissioning - Jan 1945); convoy escort/transfer population, UGS 47, Jul 1944
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a secondary research compilation built on primary convoy documents; the UGS 47 sailing order and arrivals are event-level records. Coverage of this hull between Bizerta (23 July 1944) and the August 1945 PCC reclassification is not documented here. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-02
-
[4]NavalCoverMuseum, PCC 1168 - ship name and designation history; 1945 postal covers indexed (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavalCoverMuseum PCC_1168 'Ship Name and Designation History' block; 'PC-1168 Covers Page 1 (1945)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Designation history for this hull: USS PC-1168 commissioned 31 December 1943; reclassified Control Submarine Chaser (PCC) 20 August 1945; decommissioned 19 May 1954; transferred to the Republic of China May 1954 and renamed CHING KIANG; struck 16 December 1970; fate unknown. A 1945 postal cover for PC-1168 is indexed in the museum's holdings.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1970
- Population
- Crew at reclassification (Aug 1945); Naval Reserve training population (1947-54)
- Limitations
- Volunteer philatelic museum compilation - supplies the precise 20 August 1945 PCC reclassification date (NavSource gives only 'August 1945'). Its 'Struck from Naval Register December 16 1970' line is ambiguous as to register; NavSource states it was the Chinese Navy list - carried as ROCN strike. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-03
-
[5]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), Sullivan Dry Dock, Brooklyn NY - yard construction table and yard history (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencysmall/sullivan.htm - yard narrative and construction table, PC 1168 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard construction record for this hull: 'PC 1168 - US Navy - Sub Chaser - 280 LDT - 174 ft - Delivery 31-Dec-43 - Star of movie "You're in the Navy Now", to Taiwan 1954.' Yard history: in 1937 Fred Sullivan leased the repair yard at the head of Brooklyn's Tebo Yacht Basin (foot of 22nd, 23rd and 24th Streets) from Todd Shipyards, renamed it Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Co., Inc., and converted it to new construction; the yard did not survive the war and closed in 1947. The table lists 15 further Navy hulls built at the yard including sisters PC-1167 (delivered 3-Dec-43), PC-1169, and PC-1170.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1944 (construction table); 1937-1947 (yard operation)
- Population
- Sullivan Dry Dock construction trades (1937-1947 operation)
- Limitations
- Independent scholarly compilation of US yard construction records - corroborates the 31 December 1943 date (delivery vs commissioning are elided in this table; PC-1167's 3-Dec-43 delivery is the likely source of the Wikipedia 3-Dec-43 variant for PC-1168). Contains no asbestos or material content. Yard-level asbestos documentation for Sullivan Dry Dock was not located - this row documents the builder's existence, location, and production only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-04
-
[6]American Film Institute Catalog, 'You're in the Navy Now' (1951), entry 50379 - production record, location filming, source article; corroborated by NavSource and shipbuildinghistory identifying the filming vessel as this hull (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AFI Catalog entry 50379, HISTORY section (production notes, location filming); NavSource photo caption (Roanoke tow c.1951); shipbuildinghistory Sullivan table, PC 1168 disposition note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- AFI documents the feature film made aboard this hull: 'You're in the Navy Now' (Twentieth Century-Fox, dir. Henry Hathaway, starring Gary Cooper), released in New York 23 February 1951 under the title 'U.S.S. Teakettle' and retitled in early March 1951; 'portions of the picture were shot on location at Newport News and Norfolk, VA.' NavSource states the movie was made on PC-1168 in 1950 at Hampton Roads, VA, and its photographic record shows PC-1168 under tow by USS Roanoke (CL-145) during filming circa 1951; shipbuildinghistory's yard table likewise marks PC 1168 as 'star of movie "You're in the Navy Now".' The film was based on John W. Hazard's New Yorker article about PC-452, an experimental steam-engined submarine chaser - a different hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1950-1951
- Population
- Film production personnel and embarked crew, 1950 filming period
- Limitations
- The AFI catalog entry does not name the filming hull; the aboard-this-hull claim rests on NavSource (with period photography) and shipbuildinghistory, and is consistent with AFI's documented Newport News/Norfolk location shooting (Hampton Roads area). The film's steam-plant premise belongs to the story's inspiration, PC-452 - PC-1168 itself was diesel-powered. Vessel-history fact only; no exposure or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-05
-
[7]Library of Congress, Veterans History Project - Vincent Leonard Collection, AFC/2001/001/31253 (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- loc.gov/item/afc2001001.31253 - Veterans History Project Service Summary block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Federal archival record of a named crew member aboard this hull: the Vincent Leonard Collection (Veterans History Project) documents a U.S. Navy veteran whose service unit was 'USS PC 1168,' World War II, highest rank Torpedoman's Mate, with locations of service listed as 'Camp Dewey Great Lakes, Illinois; South Atlantic; Pacific Theater.' Includes interview/recording and manuscript material held by the Library of Congress.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (service period)
- Population
- Vincent Leonard (Torpedoman's Mate, USS PC-1168, WWII)
- Limitations
- Archival lead and crew-presence record only: documents that a named individual served aboard this hull during WWII including South Atlantic and Pacific Theater service - consistent with the circa-1946 San Clemente Island photograph. It is NOT an exposure record; the interview contents were not reviewed for material references and make no asbestos claim. Theater-service detail beyond the summary line is unverified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-06
-
[8]Fishgold v. Sullivan Drydock & Repair Corp. et al., 328 U.S. 275 (1946) - Supreme Court reporter PDF via govinfo (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-10-03) [court_record]
- Locator
- 328 U.S. 275, case caption and syllabus
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Supreme Court litigation naming this hull's builder: Fishgold v. Sullivan Drydock & Repair Corp., 328 U.S. 275 (argued 6 May 1946, decided 27 May 1946) - a Selective Training and Service Act reemployment/seniority case arising from a Sullivan Drydock employee's wartime military service. Independently documents that Sullivan Drydock & Repair Corp. was an operating WWII-era Brooklyn shipyard employing wartime labor during this hull's construction period. Classified: OTHER LITIGATION - not asbestos litigation and not a vessel case.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1946
- Population
- Sullivan Drydock wartime workforce (returning-veteran employee)
- Limitations
- Labor/reemployment opinion, not an asbestos or exposure record - it names the shipyard as employer, not this hull. No exposure finding, no material content. Included because a litigation sweep on the builder's name surfaced it; it is classified down as non-qualifying 'other litigation' rather than cited as exposure evidence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-07
-
[9]NavSource Submarine Chaser Photo Index - PC-461-class context (173-ft steel hull, twin diesel; 403 ordered, 362 WWII-built in four series); NavSource PC-1168 specifications (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/01idx.htm class narrative (173' steel hull section); NavSource 12/011168.htm specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference: a 173-ft steel-hulled PC-461-class submarine chaser built April-December 1943 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a small steel diesel patrol craft of this type and period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging, machinery and pipe thermal insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and deck covering within confined below-deck spaces. The class was twin-diesel propelled - no steam plant - so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. The hull was built at a small commercial yard (Sullivan Dry Dock, Tebo Basin) operating under wartime emergency construction conditions.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1970
- Population
- Sullivan Dry Dock construction trades (1943); crew (1943-54); Naval Reserve trainees (1947-54); ROCN crew (1954-70); any disposal/shipbreaking workforce post-1970
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PC-1168. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution. No yard-level asbestos documentation located for Sullivan Dry Dock specifically (the prominent Brooklyn asbestos litigation record, In re Brooklyn Navy Yard Asbestos Litigation, concerns the New York Naval Shipyard at Wallabout Bay - a different yard from Sullivan's Tebo Basin operation).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 highlights (full report PDF blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation aboard ships and managed it under a 1975 policy of removing only damaged or necessarily-disturbed insulation, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - spanning this hull's entire construction (1943) and USN service era (1943-1954), and the ROCN era (1954-1970) as context. Fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979 (report); policy windows 1975-1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches (confirmed 2026-10-03); content via the live product-page highlights description retrieved through an alternate fetcher.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-09
-
[11]Batch-7665 search ledger (this record): NavSource; uboat.net; NavalCoverMuseum; shipbuildinghistory Sullivan table; AFI Catalog 50379; Library of Congress VHP; govinfo U.S. Reports; GAO product page; NHHC DANFS (no entry); NVR (not covered); CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS PC-1168 / PCC-1168 / ROCS Ching Kiang (PC-116) was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the fleet-shared daily API quota was exhausted (server-directed wait ~3.2 h at 09:01 ET); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. The only 'asbestos aboard' material located is law-firm marketing content: mesothelioma.net's patrol-boat listicle explicitly lists 'USS PC-1168' among hulls with no primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run). ROCN-era material records and the post-1970 disposal record are undocumented. Deck logs (RG 24), any MDAP transfer file, and ROCN disposal documentation are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1168-pc1168-10