Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet 881-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-1221-pc1221-pkt-881-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive, USS PC-1221 (PC-461 class), navsource.net (verified live 2026-10-03; navsource.org mirror of the same page is not cited per house policy - navsource.org is dead) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/12/011221.htm header block, specifications block, and disposal note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource ship-specific record for this hull: laid down 29 May 1942 by the Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding Co., Camden, NJ; launched 29 August 1943; commissioned 19 April 1944. Assigned to the Atlantic and Caribbean Sea Frontier during World War II. Struck from the Naval Register 12 April 1946. Transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 28 July 1948 and sold to Evaud Sooder of Miami, FL, for $6,200.00; fate thereafter unknown. Specifications: displacement 450 tons; length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 10'10"; speed 20.2 kts; complement 65. Armament: one 3"/50 dual-purpose gun mount, one 40mm gun mount, five 20mm guns, two rocket launchers, and two depth charge tracks. Propulsion: two 1,440bhp Hooven-Owen-Rentschler R-99DA diesel engines (Serial No. 7031 and 7032), Westinghouse single reduction gear, two shafts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding Co. construction trades (1942-44); wartime crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Vessel-history and specifications only; no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not an official registry - its figures are generally reliable but conflict with the Penn-Jersey yard-production-list figures for this same hull batch (463 tons / 174 ft; see ev-03 and gaps). No decommissioning date is given separately from the striking date.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-01
-
[3]uboat.net, Allied Warships: USS PC-1221 (PC-461 class) - construction dates, commanding officers, and day-by-day exercise log [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net Allied Warships ship/8748.html service record and exercise log entries for Mar-Apr 1945
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net ship-specific record for this hull: ordered 24 March 1942 (consistent with the 29 May 1942 lay-down and 29 August 1943 launch elsewhere documented). Commanding officers: Lt. Truman L. Bradley, USNR (19 Apr 1944 - early 1945); Lt. William D. Cowell, USNR (early 1945 - mid 1945); D. W. MacIsaac, USNR (mid 1945 - late 1945). Documented anti-submarine training exercises in Panama Bay and the Gulf of Panama, March-April 1945: on 20 March 1945 PC-1221 exercised with USS Capitaine, USS Paul Jones, USS Bulmer, USS MacLeish, and USS SC-980; on 22 March 1945 with the same destroyer escorts plus USS PC-1215; further exercises on 25-26 March 1945 were led by USS Cabezon (a fleet submarine) in place of USS Capitaine.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Wartime crew (1944-46); exercise participants, Panama Sea Frontier, Mar-Apr 1945
- Limitations
- Vessel-history and service-log content only; no asbestos or material content. uboat.net is a volunteer secondary compilation (naval history aggregator), not an official registry. The exercise log documents routine ASW training participation, not combat action or casualty events - no notable incident involving this hull was located in any source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-02
-
[4]Shipbuilding History / NJ Scuba Diving Association, 'Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding' (Camden, NJ yard-history and production-list page) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.njscuba.net/us-emer-small/pennjersey, yard history paragraph and production list entries #24-27
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder-yard record naming this hull: Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. was formed in March 1940 in the Cooper Point section of Camden, NJ (north end of North 5th Street, the former site of Camden Shipbuilding Company, closed about a decade earlier), and closed in June 1945 after delivering 29 vessels total - including 2 Panama Canal Commission patrol launches and 4 U.S. Coast Guard patrol launches (1941), a construction lighter (1941), 2 Navy minesweepers (1943), 14 freighters for the U.S. Maritime Commission (1943-45), 4 Navy subchasers (1944-45), and 2 railroad car floats (1945). The 4 subchasers were PC-1221 through PC-1224 (yard hull numbers 24-27), delivered April 1944-January 1945, listed at 463 tons and 174 feet in length.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1940-1945
- Population
- Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding Corp. construction trades, 1940-1945
- Limitations
- Confirms this hull was one of only four subchasers this small wartime Emergency-Program yard built, and situates its construction within the yard's full production run - no asbestos or material content. The yard-list tonnage/length (463 tons / 174 ft) conflicts with NavSource's ship-specific figures (450 tons / 173'8"; see ev-01 and gaps) - likely a rounding or class-nominal figure rather than an as-built measurement, but unresolved. This builder does not have an entry in the Atlas shipyards.json dataset (37 yards checked, no Camden/Penn-Jersey match) - related_shipyards is empty and the missing yard is carried in gaps, per the O'Brien precedent (BATCH-01-REPORT.md).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-03
-
[5]Naval Cover Museum, 'PC 1221' (postal-cover index page; last updated 2011-07-01) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/PC_1221, milestone date line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- This specialty postal-cover archive's milestone line for the hull gives: keel laid 29 May 1942; launched 29 August 1943; commissioned 19 April 1944; decommissioned 2 March 1946; struck from the Naval Register 12 April 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 28 July 1948; sold to Evaud Sooder, Miami, FL; fate unknown. The page itself holds no cataloged postal covers or postmarks for this hull ('NO PC-1221 POSTMARKS AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME').
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- N/A - archival/collector reference page
- Limitations
- This is the only source located that gives a decommissioning date distinct from the striking date (2 March 1946); NavSource and uboat.net do not corroborate it independently - carried as single-source in `decommissioned` and flagged in gaps. No asbestos or material content, and the page's own naval-cover collection for this hull is empty.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-04
-
[6]Era inference built on: NavSource/uboat.net ship-specific specifications (steel hull, direct-diesel propulsion via mechanical reduction gear, built under wartime Bureau of Ships small-craft specifications); GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource/uboat.net specifications blocks (ev-01, ev-02); GAO HRD-80-2 product description (ev-06)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled submarine chaser built 1942-44 to wartime Bureau of Ships small-combatant specifications would have carried period-standard asbestos-containing materials in its confined machinery and berthing spaces: engine-room and exhaust-system lagging, pipe covering, gaskets, valve packing, electrical cable insulation, and deck covering compound. The vessel used direct-diesel propulsion (two diesel engines driving two shafts through a mechanical reduction gear) - there was no steam plant, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway common to larger steam-powered combatants does not apply here; exposure pathways, if any, would be the diesel-engine/exhaust and general-outfitting applications instead.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Penn-Jersey Shipbuilding Co. construction trades (1942-44); wartime crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PC-1221. Names era-standard applications for a vessel of this type and period, not confirmed installed materials, quantities, or manufacturers for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until 1971, with specifications formally updated to exclude asbestos by late 1973 - the Navy continued using already-purchased asbestos stock beyond that date. This program-level finding spans the construction era of vessels of this hull's type (1942-44) by several decades on the trailing end, though this hull was disposed of in 1946-48, long before the 1970s substitution policy existed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (1979)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation (Navy-wide; GAO fieldwork for this report was conducted at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, neither of which is documented as a yard this hull passed through) - supports general era context for wartime asbestos-use practice only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403/connection failure confirmed 2026-10-03); content via product-page description, consistent with the treatment in prior batches (e.g., uss-barracuda-ssk1.atlas.json ev-07).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-06
-
[8]Batch-7717 search ledger (this record): NavSource (hit); uboat.net (hit); njscuba.net Penn-Jersey yard history (hit); navalcovermuseum.org (hit, partial); NHHC DANFS (no result - confirmed absent); Naval Vessel Register (not independently retrievable); NARA RG24/RG38 (not digitized - archival lead); NHHC official photography index (no result); CourtListener (blocked - daily quota exhausted); secondary web litigation/asbestos sweep (no result of any kind, including no law-firm marketing content) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-01 through -09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record was located: no survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS PC-1221 was found in the public sources searched. Additionally, NHHC's DANFS has no individual history for this hull - confirmed by a direct HTTP 404 at the canonical history.navy.mil DANFS path, no Wayback Machine snapshot ever captured at that path, and no mirror of a PC-1221 entry on the hazegray.org DANFS transcription index (which does carry individual entries for other PC-461-class sisters, e.g. PC-1142 and PC-1212). This is a genuine gap in NHHC's published history for this hull, not a retrieval failure. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated search helper reported the shared fleet daily quota exhausted mid-session (~2.3h to reset); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard, and the litigation-repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run this session). Deck logs, any Bureau of Ships work specifications for this hull, and any scrapping/disposal hazmat record are undigitized or unlocated leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1221-pc1221-07