Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 881-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (thin sourcing disclosed)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (thin sourcing disclosed)
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-1227-pc1227-pkt-881-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-1227 page (construction and transfer timeline, PC-461 spec block, designation history, photo captions incl. Marine Nationale credits) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/011227.htm header block, timeline, 'Specifications' block, and photo-caption table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource records this hull as a PC-461-class submarine chaser laid down in 1942 by the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Co., Sturgeon Bay, WI; launched 17 October 1942; commissioned USS PC-1227 in 1942; decommissioned 18 November 1944 and transferred to France, renamed Lancier (W 111), later reclassified W-15 and P-616; decommissioned and struck 2 August 1960; fate listed as 'unknown.' Call sign Nan-Charlie-Jig-Baker; 'served the Navies of the United States and France.' The page states 'There is no DANFS History currently available for PC-1227.' Spec block: displacement 280 t. light / 450 t. full; 173'8" x 23' x 10'10"; 20.2 kts.; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one 40mm, three 20mm, two rocket launchers, four depth charge projectors, two depth charge tracks; propulsion two 1,440 bhp General Motors 16-258S diesels (Serial No. 10839 & 10840), Farrel-Burmingham single reduction gear, two shafts. Photo captions document the launching, PC-1227 photographed forward of PC-1229 after the latter's launching c. December 1942, and Marine Nationale photography of Lancier (W 15) c. 1950 and Lancier (P 616) in North Africa alongside FNS Pavot (M 631).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1942); USN crew (1943-44); Marine Nationale crew (1944-60)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates generally track official lists but NavSource's year-only 'commissioned ... in 1942' conflicts with the better-sourced 23 February 1943 (see ev-11 and gaps), and its 'fate unknown' conflicts with 'scrapped 1960' (shipbuildinghistory) and 'BU 8.1960' (navypedia). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-01
-
[3]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS PC-1227 (PC-1227) warship record and commanding-officer table (Gudmundur Helgason compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship record 8754 header table and 'Commands listed' table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's record for this hull: PC-461-class patrol craft; built by 'Leatham' D. Smith Shipbuilding Co. (Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin); ordered 23 March 1942; laid down 5 August 1942; launched 17 October 1942; commissioned 23 February 1943; end service 18 November 1944; 'Transferred to France on 18 November 1944 being renamed Lancier.' Wartime commanding officers listed: John Thomas Pratt, Jr., USNR (23 Feb 1943 - mid/late 1943); Lt. Richard P. Joy, Jr., USNR (mid/late 1943 - 2 Apr 1944); Thorne H. Hammond, USNR (2 Apr 1944 - 18 Nov 1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- USN crew under three wartime COs, all USNR (1943-44)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation (Helgason's uboat.net Allied Warships), not a primary registry - dates are compiled values, not documents. Commanding-officer table covers the WWII period only (per the site's own caveat). Spells the builder 'Leatham' - the yard's documented name is Leathem D. Smith. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-02
-
[4]HyperWar/ibiblio transcription, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - Submarine Chasers' (official USN ship list transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar ships-sc.html, 'PC-461 Class' roster table, PC-1227 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official USN compilation lists 'PC-1227 | 1942-44 | Lend-Lease to France' in the PC-461-class table - confirming the U.S. Navy service window (commissioned era 1942-1944) and the disposal mechanism: transfer to France under Lend-Lease.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1944
- Population
- USN crew (1943-44)
- Limitations
- Tabular official-list transcription (HyperWar transcribes official USN source documents); gives service window and disposal route only - no narrative, no milestone dates beyond years, no asbestos content. '1942-44' spans her actual Feb 1943 - Nov 1944 commissioned window.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-03
-
[5]shipbuildinghistory.com (T. Colton), 'Bay Shipbuilding / Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding / Christy Corp., Sturgeon Bay' yard production list and yard lineage [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com bay.htm, Leathem D. Smith production table, hull #284 row; yard-history narrative header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The builder's yard production list carries hull 284: 'PC 1227 | U.S. Navy | Sub Chaser | 284 | 174 | 23-Feb-43 | To Free French 1944 as Lancier (W 111), scrapped 1960' - corroborating the 23 February 1943 commissioning and carrying 'scrapped 1960' as the final disposition. The same compilation documents the yard lineage: Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. became Christy Corp. in 1947 after Leathem Smith's death; Manitowoc acquired the two Sturgeon Bay yards (Sturgeon Bay SB & Dry Dock and Christy Corp.) in 1967-68 to form Bay Shipbuilding; sold to Fincantieri 2008 - now Fincantieri Bay Shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1942); French breakers (1960)
- Limitations
- Colton's specialist yard-history compilation - secondary, register-derived, not a primary document; 'scrapped 1960' is a disposition claim that NavSource leaves as 'fate unknown' but navypedia corroborates (BU 8.1960). The '23-Feb-43' column is the yard's delivery/commission date. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-04
-
[6]Historical RFA (Royal Fleet Auxiliary historical society), RFA Prosperous ship movement chronology [other_primary]
- Locator
- historicalrfa.uk/rfa-prosperous chronology, entry of 12 July 1944
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- RFA Prosperous's movement chronology records: '12 July 1944 sailed Naples to Piombino escorted by USS PC-1227 arriving on 14 July 1944.' Documents this hull on escort duty in Italian waters in July 1944 - Mediterranean employment in the months before her transfer to France.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-07-12/14
- Population
- USN crew (July 1944)
- Limitations
- Specialist historical-society compilation (Historical RFA) built from RFA movement/log records - secondary but log-derived; documents a single escort event only, not the hull's complete service record; her Feb 1943 - mid-1944 employment is otherwise undocumented in the public sources searched. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-05
-
[7]navypedia.org, 'L'Eveille coastal escorts (1942-1944 / 1944-1951)' French lend-lease PC roster; netmarine.net French fleet lists flot1954 / flot1956 [other_primary]
- Locator
- navypedia fr_es_pc.htm, Lancier (ex-PC1227) row; netmarine.net/bat/listes/flot1956.htm and flot1954.htm, LANCIER P616 rows
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- French-service corroboration: navypedia's table of US-built 173-ft PC-type patrols 'transferred to France by lend-lease' (the L'Eveille group of escorteurs cotiers; the roster lists 42 ex-PC hulls, transfers dated 1944-45) carries 'Lancier (ex-PC1227) | W111, 1950- P616 | Leatham D. Smith SB, Sturgeon Bay, USA | 1942 | 17.10.1942 | 1943 // 11.1944 | BU 8.1960' - i.e., French pennant W 111, renumbered P 616 in the 1950-era reclassification, broken up August 1960. netmarine's French fleet lists carry 'LANCIER P616 (1944)' in the 1954 and 1956 fleet lists, corroborating mid-1950s French service.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Population
- Marine Nationale crew (1944-60); French breakers (1960)
- Limitations
- French volunteer-compiled secondary sources, not official Marine Nationale records - the Service historique de la Defense (Vincennes) dossier for Lancier is the unexamined primary lead. netmarine flot1956 live-page fetch timed out this session; its fleet-list row was verified via search-index snippet, not the live page. 'BU 8.1960' corroborates 'scrapped 1960' but the breakup yard is undocumented. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-06
-
[8]Fleischer WE, Viles FJ Jr, Gade RL, Drinker P, 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28 (Jan 1946): 9-16 (PMID 21016030; U.S. Public Health Service survey conducted with U.S. Navy cooperation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed PMID 21016030; article text pp. 9-10 (pipe covering material and amosite narrative), Tables 1-2 (yard dust counts), asbestosis findings
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The 1946 Public Health Service industrial-hygiene survey of pipe covering in naval vessel construction documents that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U. S. Navy vessels is amosite' - South African amphibole asbestos - 'and much asbestos cloth and asbestos cement were likewise used.' Pipe coverers at two Government navy yards and two Navy contract yards (anonymized A-D) were X-rayed and their work environments dust-sampled; 3 of 1,074 X-rayed had asbestosis, all pipe coverers with more than 20 years in the trade. Establishes asbestos pipe covering, asbestos cloth, and asbestos cement as standard construction material aboard U.S. Navy vessels of this hull's era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1940s (survey published Jan 1946)
- Population
- Navy yard and contract-yard pipe coverers (WWII construction era)
- Limitations
- Era/class-level documentation only: the surveyed yards are anonymized and did not include Leathem D. Smith (a small private Great Lakes contract yard). Documents the Navy's material standards and yard-worker conditions, not the material content of this hull or any individual exposure. PubMed automated fetch hit reCAPTCHA; the bibliographic record (PMID 21016030) was verified via search index and the article text via a public document-archive scan.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource PC-461 spec block (steel hull, twin-screw diesel patrol craft, 1942); Fleischer et al. 1946 material standard for USN pipe covering (ev-07); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos program (ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; Fleischer et al. 1946; GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-01, ev-07, ev-09)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled patrol craft laid down in August 1942 at a Great Lakes Navy contract yard sits squarely inside the documented asbestos-use era of U.S. naval construction. Era-standard applications aboard a diesel-powered PC-461-class chaser were: amosite-type pipe covering and felt lagging on engine exhausts, mufflers and hot piping in the machinery spaces; asbestos-composition gaskets and valve/flange packing on the fuel, lube-oil, bilge, fire-main and cooling systems; asbestos cloth and asbestos-cement (marinite-type) paneling in accommodation and magazine spaces per era practice; and asbestos-containing electrical insulation. Her GM 16-258S diesel plant means no boiler or steam-turbine lagging pathway - but the confined 173-foot hull concentrates whatever era insulation was fitted.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1942); USN engineering/berthing spaces crew (1943-44); Marine Nationale crew (1944-60); French breakers (1960)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation schedule, material list, builder specification, or work package located for PC-1227. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product descriptions are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1942), her entire U.S. Navy service (1943-44), and her whole French service life to 1960.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-03, same standing defect as Batch 98); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-09
-
[11]Batch-7723 search ledger (this record): NavSource; uboat.net; HyperWar USN list; shipbuildinghistory; historicalrfa.uk; navypedia + netmarine; PubMed Fleischer; GAO product page; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for this hull: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, crew or yard exposure account, or verified litigation naming USS PC-1227 / Lancier was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated helper reported the shared daily quota exhausted (server-requested wait ~7,741 s, ~2.2 h); logged as blocked in the search ledger, NOT as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing content (navyshipexposure.com's PC-461 class page asserting asbestos gaskets and insulation without primary sourcing - and misstating the class powerplant as 'four General Motors diesel engines'; thirdcoastlawyers.com asserting Sturgeon Bay yard asbestos use) - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. This hull left U.S. control in November 1944 and was broken up in France in 1960, so U.S.-side disposal or abatement records would not be expected; French scrapping records are undocumented. The litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (throttled daily quota, not run). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-10
-
[12]Cross-source date/disposition reconciliation: NavSource timeline vs uboat.net warship record vs shipbuildinghistory yard list vs navypedia French roster [other_primary]
- Locator
- ev-01 (NavSource) vs ev-02 (uboat.net), ev-04 (shipbuildinghistory), ev-06 (navypedia)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION of two circulating variants: (1) Commissioning - NavSource carries only the year 'commissioned ... in 1942'; the best-supported date is 23 February 1943, carried by both uboat.net (with CO John Thomas Pratt, Jr., USNR, taking command that date) and the shipbuildinghistory yard production list (hull 284, '23-Feb-43'); navypedia's '1943' agrees. A late-1942 commissioning after a 17 October 1942 launch is conceivable, but the two-source 23 Feb 1943 agreement corroborated by the CO assignment date is carried. (2) Final disposition - NavSource lists 'fate unknown'; shipbuildinghistory records 'scrapped 1960' and navypedia records 'BU 8.1960' (broken up August 1960), consistent with the documented French decommissioning/striking of 2 August 1960. Carried: struck 2 August 1960, broken up August 1960; breakup yard undocumented.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Limitations
- Resolves published-source conflicts by preponderance, not by primary document - no commissioning certificate or disposal contract was examined. The 'fate unknown' vs 'scrapped 1960' divergence is a stale-compilation issue, not a contested historical fact. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-11
-
[13]Unexhausted archival leads: NARA RG 24 deck logs (PC-1227, 1943-44); NARA RG 38 ship action reports/war diaries; Service historique de la Defense (Vincennes) dossier for Lancier W 111 / W-15 / P-616 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 24 (deck logs) and RG 38 (war diaries/action reports); SHD Vincennes Marine Nationale ship dossiers
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Open archival leads: (1) NARA RG 24 WWII deck logs for PC-1227 (Feb 1943 - Nov 1944) - WWII deck logs are partially digitized through NARA's scanning program and Fold3, but this hull's logs were not located in digitized public sources this session; (2) NARA RG 38 ship action reports/war diaries that could document her Mediterranean employment beyond the single recorded Naples-Piombino escort; (3) Service historique de la Defense (Vincennes) holdings for Lancier (W 111 / W-15 / P-616), 1944-60, which could contain French maintenance, refit and disposal records - including any material record of the August 1960 breakup.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1960
- Population
- USN crew (1943-44); Marine Nationale crew (1944-60)
- Limitations
- Leads only - none of these record groups were examined and their digitization status is unverified. No asbestos content established or refuted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-1227-pc1227-12