Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 896-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-485-pc485-pkt-896-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-485 page - construction timeline, specifications, commanding officers, Korea transfer, Typhoon Karen sinking, salvage and disposal narrative; states 'There is no DANFS History currently available for PC-485' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/010485.htm header timeline, specifications block, CO list, launch-photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 1 May 1941 by Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp., Morris Heights, NY; launched 20 December 1941 (AP wirephoto of the launch notes the Navy was building the sub-chasers at about $1,000,000 each); commissioned USS PC-485 23 April 1942; decommissioned January 1947 at Astoria, Oregon and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet, Columbia River Group; transferred to South Korea January 1952 as ROK Han Ra San (PC-705); sunk in the inner harbor at Guam by Typhoon Karen November 1962 alongside RPS Negros Oriental (PS-26), ex-PC-1563; raised via the floating drydock AFDL-21 used as a lifting pontoon; sold for scrap 1964. Spec block: 280 t.(lt)/450 t.(fl); 173'8" x 23' x 10'10"; 20.2 kts; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 DP, one 40mm, three 20mm, two rocket launchers, four depth-charge projectors, two depth-charge tracks; propulsion two 1,440 bhp Fairbanks Morse 38D8 1/8 diesels (serials 832223, 832224), Westinghouse single-reduction gear, two shafts. Seven commanding officers listed, all USNR.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1964
- Population
- Consolidated Shipbuilding construction trades (1941-42); USNR crew (1942-47)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates are corroborated by official fragments (NHHC transfer photo, DANFS Liguria, NHHC salvage history) but no DANFS entry exists for this hull and no stricken date is given. NavSource's salvage paragraph telescopes the November 1962 raising and a later training-hulk re-sinking into one event; the NHHC salvage history (ev-04) separates them. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-01
-
[3]NHHC photograph page, photo # 80-G-438383, 'Transfer of ships to the Republic of Korea Navy' - official U.S. Navy photograph now in the collections of the National Archives [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC 80-G series photo page, catalog 80-G-438383, title and description fields
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official U.S. Navy photograph, dated 24 January 1952, Astoria, Oregon: four U.S. Navy ships during their transfer to the Republic of Korea Navy. Caption identifies USS LSSL-77 (became Yung Huang Man, LSSL-107) and USS LSSL-91 (became Kang Hwa Man, LSSL-108) in the foreground, and behind them USS PC-485, 'which became the Korean Han La San (PC-705),' and USS PC-600 (became Myo Hyang San, PC-706). Documents the transfer event, place, date, and the receiving-navy name and pennant for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1952-01-24
- Population
- US Navy and ROK Navy personnel at the Astoria transfer, January 1952
- Limitations
- Documents the transfer ceremony only - an image record, not a transfer document or service record. Uses the 'Han La San' romanization; NavSource and the NHHC salvage history use 'Han Ra San'. Page content rendered via headless fetch; direct curl to history.navy.mil returns 404 (NHHC bot defense, pattern confirmed this session). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-02
-
[4]DANFS, Liguria (AKS-15) - the only dated ship-history-series mention of this hull located [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Liguria (AKS-15) entry, service narrative paragraph 2
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS documents this hull by name on 12 October 1945: standing out of Pearl Harbor en route to Japan, Liguria helped rescue the crew of a downed Army B-24 and 'transferring the flyers to submarine chaser PC-485, Liguria steamed on to Japan arriving Sasebo 31 October.' Places PC-485 operating out of Pearl Harbor in the immediate post-surrender period, consistent with her documented 1944-45 escort duty there.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-10-12
- Population
- PC-485 crew; rescued Army B-24 flyers
- Limitations
- A single dated mention inside another vessel's DANFS entry - establishes presence and the transfer-of-survivors event only. Page content rendered via headless fetch; direct curl to history.navy.mil returns 404 (NHHC bot defense, pattern confirmed this session). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-03
-
[5]Bartholomew, Capt. C.A., USN, and Milwee, Cmdr. W.I., Jr., USN (Ret.), 'Mud, Muscle, and Miracles: Marine Salvage in the United States Navy,' Naval Historical Center and Naval Sea Systems Command, Dept. of the Navy (NHHC publication; Internet Archive scan) - 'Typhoons Karen and Olive' chapter, pp. 231-236 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Mud, Muscle, and Miracles, 'Typhoons Karen and Olive' section, pp. 231-236, incl. footnote 19 and photo caption p. 235; source footnote 21 cites NAVSHIPS 250-638-5
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Navy salvage history documents this hull's loss and raising in detail. Typhoon Karen struck Guam November 1962 (eye 10 miles south; sustained 150 kt, gusts 180) leaving eleven wrecks in Apra Harbor - 'primarily service craft, small tugs, and warships being modernized for foreign navies under military assistance programs.' ROKS Han Ra San (PC-705) and RPS Negros Oriental (C-26), sunk in about 35 feet of water, blocked almost half the Ship Repair Facility industrial waterfront and received early salvage priority. The floating crane YD-120 lifted one end while salvage ships Bolster (ARS-38) and Reclaimer (ARS-42) lifted the other; Deliver (ARS-23) brought additional equipment from Pearl Harbor. Both patrol craft 'had suffered too much structural damage for further service; they became hulks for salvage training.' Footnote 19 documents that the Han Ra San hulk was later inadvertently sunk in water too deep for conventional salvage during training, that floating drydock AFDL-21 was flooded down over it on rigged slings and pumped out to lift the wreck some three feet clear of a dredged area, and that YD-120 and two ARSs subsequently lifted and removed it. Photo caption (p. 235): 'The main deck of patrol craft Han Ra San (PC 705) is about to break the surface, lifted by Bolster, Reclaimer, and the crane YD-120.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1962-11 to 1964
- Population
- Navy salvors (Bolster, Reclaimer, Deliver, YD-120, SRF Guam crews) 1962-63; ROKN crew at loss; personnel aboard during salvage-training use
- Limitations
- Documents loss, salvage method, and hulk disposition in detail; does not identify the scrapping contractor, the final disposal site, or any material content of the hull. 'November 1962' is the chapter's dating - the 11 November date for Karen's Guam strike is corroborated by Wikipedia's sourced PC-461 loss table and the 1962 Annual Typhoon Report. NHHC's own PDF copy returned 404 (link rot); content verified via the Internet Archive scan of the same publication.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-04
-
[6]MARAD Vessel History Program, 'USS Reclaimer (ARS-42) Vessel History' / National Register eligibility assessment (determination 12 May 2009) [other_primary]
- Locator
- MARAD Reclaimer (ARS-42) vessel history PDF, post-Korean-War service section, p. ~3 of 7
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD's official vessel history for USS Reclaimer corroborates this hull's salvage: 'In November 1962 Typhoon Karen devastated Guam, sinking several small vessels in the harbor. The Reclaimer arrived at the island on the 15th to assist the USS Bolster (ARS-38), USS Deliver (ARS-23), and the seagoing tug USS Wandank (ATA-204) in salvage operations. Among the craft raised were the Korean warship Han Ra San, the Philippine warship Negros Oriental, the local dredge John S. Campbell, and the harbor tugs YTM-417 and YTM-521.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1962-11
- Population
- Reclaimer, Bolster, Deliver, Wandank crews and divers, Guam Apra Harbor, Nov-Dec 1962
- Limitations
- Corroborating roster of the salvage force and raised vessels from the perspective of one participating ship; adds no PC-485-specific detail beyond naming Han Ra San among the craft raised. Does not establish dates of the individual lift or hull condition. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-05
-
[7]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS PC-485 (PC-485) page - wartime escort events compiled from individual submarine war patrol reports [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net warships/8507 'Notable events' table and cited patrol-report sources
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compilation sourced to named war patrol reports documents this hull's 1944-45 duty: repeated escort of fleet submarines in and out of Pearl Harbor - Burrfish (4 Jun 1944, joined ~0600, Lt. W.C. Sands USNR), Swordfish (9 Jul 1944), Sailfish/Greenling/Billfish departure escort (9 Jul 1944), Baya/Becuna/Hawkbill first-patrol departure escort (23 Aug 1944), Burrfish (2 Dec 1944, Lt. W.H. Curtiss Jr. USNR), Blackfin (20 Jun 1945, Lt. J.D. Swan USNR), Balao (25 Aug 1945), and the Billfish/Dragonet/Macabi group arrival (27 Aug 1945). Establishes Pearl Harbor as her documented operating base for the last fourteen months of the war.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-06 to 1945-08
- Population
- PC-485 crew 1944-45; escorted submarine crews
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a specialist secondary compilation, not a primary record - each event cites the submarine's war patrol report (NARA-held primaries, undigitized for direct verification here). Escort duty places the hull in Pearl Harbor; it does not document yard availabilities aboard this hull. Covers only escort events - her 1942-44 movements and any other duties are not captured. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (geared Fairbanks Morse diesel plant, 1941-42 build); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-use era, see ev-08); PC-461-class construction-era documentation (class context) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block (propulsion line); GAO HRD-80-2 product page; class-era documentation
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A geared-diesel patrol craft built 1941-42 for the U.S. Navy sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a steel-hulled diesel patrol craft of this period were engine and exhaust lagging, machinery insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and compartment insulation in the confined small-hull volume. As a geared-diesel vessel she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but the small-vessel confined-space exposure dynamic applies.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1964
- Population
- Consolidated Shipbuilding construction trades (1941-42); USN crew (1942-47); reserve-fleet and transfer workers (1947-52); ROKN crew (1952-62); Navy salvors and scrappers (1962-64)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PC-485. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction (1941-42) and U.S. Navy service era (1942-52), and the salvage/scrapping era (1962-64).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-08
-
[10]Batch-7860 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC 80-G photo page; DANFS Liguria; NHHC salvage history (archive.org scan); MARAD vessel history; uboat.net; NVR; NARA deck-log availability page; HyperWar USN ship list; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, fleet-paced); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-485-pc485-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming USS PC-485 / ROKS Han Ra San (PC-705) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener: exact-name opinion and docket queries returned zero; hull-number queries returned 28 opinion and 54 docket hits, all name collisions (Indiana post-conviction docket-number suffixes, Michigan docket numbers, bankruptcy/antitrust docket-internal references); the asbestos-qualified variants authorized by the overflow returned zero opinion hits and 3 docket hits that are document-number collisions inside asbestos-adjacent dockets (Vaughn v. Honda, Energy Future Holdings, DPH Holdings Chapter 11) - none naming a vessel. The secondary-web sweep surfaced no qualifying case and no marketing-listicle content naming this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era inference remains applicable. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Litigation sweep is CourtListener opinion + RECAP index only - state-court and non-indexed filings are outside its coverage.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-09
-
[11]Archival leads identified but undigitized: NAVSHIPS 250-638-5, 'Harbor Clearance Operations in Guam Following Typhoons Karen and Olive; November 1962-July 1963,' Bureau of Ships, 1964 (cited in Mud, Muscle, and Miracles footnote 21); NARA RG 24 deck logs for PC-485 (1942-47); submarine war patrol reports citing PC-485 escort (NARA, via uboat.net compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- MMM p. 236 footnote 21 (NAVSHIPS 250-638-5 citation); archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/digitized-logs; NARA catalog (JS-blocked)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A complete official after-action record of this hull's 1962-63 salvage exists: the Bureau of Ships published NAVSHIPS 250-638-5 covering the Guam harbor-clearance operations including the Han Ra San lift - described in the NHHC history as comprehensively discussing the work, the reasoning, the mistakes, detailed salvage calculations, and lessons learned. NARA holds PC-485's 1942-47 deck logs (RG 24) and the citing submarine war patrol reports; none were confirmed digitized this session (NARA catalog is JS-rendered, unfetchable for automated check; the deck-log page directs catalog search).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1964 (record coverage); 2026-10-03 (lead status)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only - none of these records were examined. NAVSHIPS 250-638-5 may contain material/condition detail on the raised hull; deck logs would resolve her 1942-44 movements; patrol reports would verify escort events. None is an asbestos record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-485-pc485-10