Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 909-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-576-pc576-pkt-909-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-576 - milestones, specifications, disposal, photography (live page verified 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/010576.htm header block, specifications block, and photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull (PC-461 Class Submarine Chaser): laid down 3 April 1942 by the Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, PA; launched 13 June 1942; commissioned 10 September 1942; decommissioned 14 February 1947; transferred to the War Shipping Administration in July 1948; sold to John A. Papadopolles of New York, NY; fate unknown. Call sign: Nan-Uncle-Jig-Able. Specifications: displacement 450 t.; length 173' 8"; beam 23'; draft 10' 10"; speed 20.2 kts; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one single 40mm mount, three 20mm guns, two rocket launchers, four depth charge projectors, two depth charge tracks; propulsion two 1,440 bhp Hooven-Owen-Rentschler R-99DA diesel engines (serial nos. 6682 and 6683), Westinghouse single reduction gear, two shafts. Page carries a Bureau of Ships photo of this hull and states 'There is no DANFS history available for PC-576.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Dravo construction trades (1942); wartime crew (complement ~59-65)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestones generally track NVR/DANFS practice. Its 'Pittsburgh, PA' builder attribution conflicts with the NHHC editorial note and the Dravo Wilmington construction table placing the build at Dravo's Wilmington, DE yard (see ev-02 and gaps). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-01
-
[3]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), 'Dravo Wilmington - Wilmington DE' yard construction table (live page verified 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Dravo Wilmington construction table, PC 576 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Dravo Wilmington (Delaware) shipyard's own construction table lists 'PC 576 | U.S. Navy | Patrol Craft | 463 | 173 | 10-Sep-42 | Sold 1948' - placing this hull's construction and 10 September 1942 delivery at Dravo's Wilmington, DE yard, not Pittsburgh. The page notes Wilmington used the hull-number series of Dravo's main Pittsburgh yard, which explains the 'Pittsburgh, PA' attribution in NavSource/uboat.net. Sister hulls on the same table: PC 495, PC 574, PC 575, PC 577.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942; disposal 1948
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation of yard construction records - the Wilmington-versus-Pittsburgh attribution is reconciled by the page's own note that Wilmington hulls carried Pittsburgh-series numbers, and by the NHHC editorial note 'built in Dravo, Delaware' (ev-03), but no primary builder record was consulted. '463' in the table is the yard's tonnage/series figure vs NavSource's 450 t. displacement. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-02
-
[4]NHHC Navy Department Library oral history, 'Recollections of Seaman Second Class Basil D. Izzi, USNR' - Armed Guard crew member on Dutch merchant ship SS Zaandam, torpedoed by U-174 off Brazil, rescued after 83 days adrift (2 Nov 1942 - 24 Jan 1943); adapted from WWII Interviews, Archives, NHHC [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC oral history page, '83 days on a life raft' - rescue-ship exchange near end of interview
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- First-person NHHC oral history naming this hull as the rescuer: Izzi, a USNR Armed Guard on the Dutch motorship Zaandam (sunk by U-174 on 2 November 1942), survived 83 days adrift on a raft with four others - two of whom (Lt. James Maddox and Franklin Beazley) died before rescue. On the rescue he told the interviewer: 'It was a PC boat 576 [U.S. Navy submarine chasers were not named - PC 576 was built in Dravo, Delaware in 1942], an American boat, a small patrol boat. It was escorting a convoy from Trinidad.' The bracketed editorial note places the build at Dravo's Delaware (Wilmington) yard, corroborating ev-02.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1943
- Population
- PC-576 crew (rescue party); Zaandam survivors
- Limitations
- Primary recollection (1943 interview of a survivor) hosted by NHHC - documents the rescue and the Trinidad-convoy duty, not materials aboard. The NHHC page returns 404 to non-JS fetches but renders fully in a browser (verified via rendered fetch 2026-10-03). Zaandam loss figures differ by source (see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-03
-
[5]U.S. Navy, History of the Naval Armed Guard Afloat (World War II administrative history), Part III - Zaandam narrative (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 173-AG-3.html, pp. 76-77 (Zaandam paragraph)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official USN administrative history naming this hull: Zaandam, a Dutch ship carrying U.S. Armed Guards, was sunk by two torpedoes ~300 miles off the Brazilian coast on 2 November 1942; 'only 168 of 299 aboard were saved.' Three men - two Dutch crew members and Armed Guard Basil Dominic Izzi - 'remained on a life raft for 83 days and drifted more than 1,800 miles before they were rescued... The three survivors were picked up 70 miles off the Brazilian coast. The men saw three ships before their final rescue by PC-576.' Armed Guard officer Lt. James Maddox died on the 76th day; survivor Beazley died on the 66th day per the same account.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-11-02 to 1943-01-24
- Population
- PC-576 crew; Zaandam raft survivors
- Limitations
- Official Navy history (secondary narrative written postwar from records) - documents the rescue event, not materials aboard. Its '168 of 299 saved' figure differs from uboat.net's 164 survivors/135 dead (see gaps). '70 miles off the Brazilian coast' is approximate vs the chronology's 08 deg 39'N, 58 deg 46'W fix.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-04
-
[6]The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II (Cressman), Chapter V: 1943, 24 January entry (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USN-Chron-1943.html, Chapter V January, '24 January, Sun.' Atlantic paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Navy chronology entry for this hull, 24 January 1943 (Atlantic): 'Submarine chaser PC-576 rescues one Armed Guard sailor (Seaman First Class Basil D. Izzi, USNR) and two Dutch seamen from Dutch motorship Zaandam at 08 deg 39'N, 58 deg 46'W. Zaandam had been sunk by German submarine U-174 on 2 November 1942. The three survivors have spent 83 days on the small raft, subsisting on raw fish, fowl, and rainwater.' This is the only PC-576 entry in the 1942-1945 chronology volumes.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-01-24
- Population
- PC-576 crew; three Zaandam raft survivors
- Limitations
- Official chronology - documents the rescue with a position fix; no asbestos content. Position matches uboat.net's event record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-05
-
[7]British Admiralty War Diary, 8 July 1943 (Thursday), 'Sub. Attack and Sighting Summary' - COMINCH-sourced report (UK Naval Historical Branch publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- War Diary Naval 1943-07 days 1-15, '8.7.1943 Thursday' - 'Sub. Attack and Sighting Summary' (p. ~630 of document)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Primary-source wartime record of an ASW attack by this hull: the 8 July 1943 Admiralty War Diary summary reports 'A. HELDENA and B.P. NEWTON torpedoed sunk area 05.30 N. 50 W. about 0520/8. P.C.576 attacked sub. same area. Action to Admiralty for O.I.C. from Cominch.' Secondary compilations identify the convoy as TJ-1 (Trinidad to Bahia, sailed 3 July 1943) and the attacker as U-510, which sank the Norwegian tanker B.P. Newton and the American merchant Eldena and damaged Everagra near 05 deg 30'N, 50 deg W that morning; convoy escorts included USS Somers (DD-381) and PC-495, which rescued B.P. Newton's survivors.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-07-08
- Population
- PC-576 crew; convoy TJ-1 escorts and merchant crews
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous operational record - documents that PC-576 attacked a submarine contact; it does not establish a kill (U-510 survived the war), and the U-boat identity/convoy assignment rests on secondary corroboration, not the diary itself. 'HELDENA' in the diary is Eldena (transcription). PDF is Cloudflare-gated to plain fetches; retrieved via rendered scrape this session. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-06
-
[8]DANFS, Weatherford (EPC-618, ex PC-618) - names PC-576 in disposal-pipeline passage (live NHHC page; renders via JS) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Weatherford (EPC-618) entry, disposal-pipeline paragraph (post-1946 narrative)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for sister chaser PC-618 names this hull in its disposal-era narrative: after PC-618's September 1946 board-of-inspection survey, 'the decision was made to transfer "special ordnance gear" from PC-576 to PC-618, to refurbish her fully, and activate her as an experimental submarine chaser with the Operational Development Force. Those alterations were completed at the Charleston [S.C.] Naval Shipyard during the winter of 1946 and 1947.' Documents PC-576 as a parts donor in the disposal pipeline consistent with her 14 February 1947 decommissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1946-1947
- Population
- PC-576 and PC-618 crews; Charleston Naval Shipyard trades (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Names PC-576 only as the source of transferred ordnance gear - does not establish that PC-576 herself was at Charleston Naval Shipyard (the alterations documented were to PC-618), nor what happened to the hull afterward. NHHC page returns 404 to non-JS fetches but renders fully in a browser (verified via rendered fetch 2026-10-03). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-07
-
[9]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS PC-576 (PC-576) - construction/milestone table, wartime commanding officers, event log; corroborated by uboat.net Zaandam merchant page (ship/2357) and sixtant.net U.S. 4th Fleet at Recife ship index [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/8553 (data table, commanders, notable events); merchants/ship/2357 (Zaandam notes); sixtant.net 4th Fleet index (28 patrol craft list)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Specialist compilation record for this hull: ordered 1 April 1941; built by Dravo Corp. (Pittsburgh); laid down 3 April 1942; launched 13 June 1942; commissioned 10 September 1942; end service 14 February 1947 (decommissioned). Wartime commanders: Lt. Gifford Cochran Ewing USNR (10 Sep 1942 - mid 1943), James Lamb McIntire USNR, W. F. Colton USNR, F. B. Gibson USNR, R. A. Wilks USNR (to mid/late 1945). Notable event: '24 Jan 1943 - In position 08 deg 39'N, 58 deg 46'W USS PC-576 picks up three survivors from the Dutch passenger ship Zaandam that was torpedoed and sunk on 2 November 1942 by German U-boat U-174 about 300 miles north of Cape Sao Roque, Brazil in position 01 deg 25'N, 36 deg 22'W.' The Zaandam merchant page adds that PC-576 was escorting convoy TB-3 (Trinidad to Brazil) and that the survivors were fed liquid food for two days and landed at Pernambuco for six weeks in hospital. sixtant.net's 4th-Fleet-at-Recife index lists PC-576 among 28 patrol craft of the U.S. Fourth Fleet.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1947
- Population
- PC-576 wartime commanding officers and crew
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilations (uboat.net, sixtant.net) - well-regarded for U-boat-war records but not primary registries; the CO table is incomplete ('still working on this section'), the 'Pittsburgh' builder attribution conflicts with the Wilmington documentation (ev-02), and the 4th Fleet listing is an index entry without dates. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (diesel PC-461-class patrol craft, 1942); uboat.net class page (PC-461 class, 351 ships, diesels/2 shafts); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-11); In re Dravo LLC company-level asbestos claims (ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; uboat.net PC-461 class page; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; Pa. Supreme Court J-79A-2025
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel patrol craft built at a U.S. yard in 1942 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were thermal insulation, machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical insulation in the confined hull volume. As a diesel-powered craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, but the small-hull confined-space exposure dynamic applies.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Dravo Wilmington construction trades (1942); crew (1942-47); any yard/base trades during availabilities; 1947-48 disposal workers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or builder spec sheet located for PC-576. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-09
-
[11]In re Dravo LLC - Derivative Claims Against Carmeuse Lime, Inc., Nos. 33 & 34 WAP 2024 (Pa., decided May 22, 2026, Brobson, J.) - official opinion PDF [court_record]
- Locator
- Pa. Supreme Court opinion J-79A-2025, Factual Background section (pp. 2-6)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Pennsylvania Supreme Court record for this hull's builder-company context: 'Beginning in at least the early 1990s, a number of plaintiffs sued Dravo, alleging asbestos-related injuries (Asbestos Claims). These Asbestos Claims typically were based on allegations of exposure to asbestos during Dravo's operations from the 1940s through the 1980s.' The opinion further records that hundreds of asbestos claimants filed by the July 13, 2020 claim-bar date in Dravo's Subchapter G dissolution, that Dravo settled its excess-insurance coverage for $7 million, and that all timely claims were resolved or provided for - while holding that plaintiffs could not use veil-piercing to reach parent Carmeuse Lime for time-barred claims.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1940s-1980s (alleged exposure); 2018-2026 (dissolution/litigation)
- Population
- Dravo Corp. workers across heavy-industry operations, 1940s-1980s (per allegation framing)
- Limitations
- Company-level litigation context only: the opinion addresses Dravo's 'heavy industry' operations generally and never mentions shipbuilding, the Wilmington yard, or any vessel - it documents that asbestos claims existed against the builder-company era-wide, not that asbestos was installed aboard PC-576 or at the yard. Disposition is statutory (claim-bar/veil-piercing), not a merits finding on exposure. Does not establish hull materials, individual exposure, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-10
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1942-47).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-11
-
[13]Batch-7951 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC oral history; USN Armed Guard history; Official USN Chronology 1942-45; UK Admiralty War Diary Jul 1943; DANFS Weatherford; uboat.net/sixtant/warsailors; shipbuildinghistory Dravo Wilmington; Pa. Supreme Court J-79A-2025; GAO product page; CourtListener via cl-auth-search.py; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-576-pc576-01 through -16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS PC-576 (PC-576) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion searches returned only name-collision hits (Indiana post-conviction docket number 71A04-1412-PC-576) - docket searches were fleet-throttled, an open gap not a negative result (see sl-13, sl-15). The only 'asbestos aboard' material is law-firm marketing content (asbestos-ships.com, mesowatch.org Dravo Corporation listicles) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Deck logs (RG 24), Dravo build/work-package records, and WSA/MARAD disposal files are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-576-pc576-12