Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 912-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-596-pc596-pkt-912-packet-md
-
[2]NARA, U.S. Navy Muster Rolls, NAID 192396364, 'PC-596, 1/23/43-5/3/46' (microfilm roll 5817 / Ancestry scan reel 120-3936, filmed 3 March 1947), 311 images - the complete personnel record of the hull's commissioned life [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 192396364 images 00003 (commissioning muster cover), 00304-00305 (final Report of Changes), 00306-00307 (recapitulation sheet)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Commissioning and decommissioning documentation for this hull: the cover sheet of the commissioning muster reads 'MUSTER ROLL OF THE CREW OF THE U.S.S. PC-596 on going into commission On the twenty-third day of January, 1943,' forwarded from Commercial Iron Works, Portland, Oregon, certified by R.E. BLACKWELL, Lieut., Executive Officer, approved 28 January 1943 by M. McQUILKIN, Lt.Comdr., Commanding Officer (received by the Bureau 18 February 1943). The recapitulation sheet for the quarter ending 2400, 3 May 1946 shows 23 men brought forward, 1 gained, 24 lost, 0 remaining aboard (operating allowance 42), and remarks 'Scheduled to be decommissioned 3 May 1946.' The final Report of Changes, marked DECOMMISSIONING, transfers the last enlisted men 2-3 May 1946 to 'USN RecBks, Swan Is., Portland, Ore.' for further transfer or discharge per Com 13 (13th Naval District) despatch 301815 of April 1946 and AlNav 76-46; signed R. L. DENDERO, Lt(jg), USNR, Commanding Officer.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Crew, 1943-1946 (commissioning muster through final 24-man detachment)
- Limitations
- Personnel record, not a material or asbestos record - it documents dates, place of commissioning, commanders, and crew disposition, not hull materials. The decommissioning location is implied (transfers to the Swan Island, Portland, receiving barracks under the 13th Naval District) but the exact decommissioning berth/yard is not stated on the pages read. Individual muster names were not transcribed beyond the signature blocks.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-596 (12/010596) - milestones, specifications, disposal, photographs, 'no DANFS' notice (verified live) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/010596 header block, specifications block, photo captions, CO listing
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: PC-461 class submarine chaser; laid down 18 April 1942 by the Commercial Iron Works, Portland, OR; launched 8 August 1942; commissioned 23 January 1943; sold for scrap in January 1947 to Zidell Shipbreakers of Portland, OR. Specifications: displacement 450 t; length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 10'10"; speed 20.2 kts; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one 40mm mount, three 20mm guns, two rocket launchers, four depth-charge projectors, two depth-charge tracks; propulsion two 1,440-bhp General Motors 16-258S diesel engines (Serial Nos. 7767 and 7768), Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts. Call sign Nan-Able-Queen-Uncle. Photographs place her at Russell Island c.1944 and Tulagi c.1945 (courtesy crew member John 'Maizie' Clark); a 1945 commanding-officer entry lists LTJG H. H. Cather, USNR. Page states plainly: 'There is no DANFS History currently available for PC-596.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- CIW construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); Zidell shipbreakers (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates here are corroborated by the ship's own NARA records (commissioning 23 Jan 1943; Commercial Iron Works construction) where they overlap. Contains no asbestos content. The January 1947 disposal date conflicts with uboat.net's 11 November 1946 sale date (see gaps). NavSource is cited at navsource.net per standing citation hygiene (navsource.org is dead).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-02
-
[4]NARA RG 38 World War II War Diaries, 'USS PC-596 - War Diary, 10/1-31/44,' NAID 78665790 (Fold3 file 292491100; Micro Serial 94232; Serial 0165; dated 1 November 1944; 6 images) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78665790, Roll A1246, images 0082-0087 (read in full)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own report documents a repair-ship overhaul and drydock period: 1 October 1944 'Tied up to U.S.S. TUTUILA at Purvis Bay, Florida Island, undergoing major overhaul as per orders of ComSoSols. At 0820 got underway for U.S.S. ARD FOURTEEN in Purvis Bay for dry docking as directed by RepSeronPurvis. Docked in dry dock with U.S.S. YP-520 at 1145.' Undocked 3 October and returned alongside TUTUILA; 'Major overhaul to be completed by U.S.S. TUTUILA.' Tied up 4-8 October; ASW instruction from Anti-Submarine Warfare Training Unit No. 3 (9-10 October); 'trial run' 17 October 'to test main engines after overhaul'; 'final test run' 19 October with 'main engines satisfactory.' Then convoy duty: departed 19 October escorting USS LCI-327, LCI-329, LCI-330 to Torokina, Bougainville (arrived 21 October); escorted the convoy back to Guadalcanal (Kukum Beach/Lunga Point, 23 October); crew schooling at Purvis Bay (Siota AA Training Center; Lyon's Point firefighting school; ASW Training Unit No. 3) 24-25 October; AA firing practice with PC-1130 on 27 October (expended 40mm 148 rds, 20mm 2,160 rds, 3"/50 10 rds); moored alongside TUTUILA as ready-duty ship off Bungana Island 28-31 October, relieving SC-1065. Approved by A. B. PARKER, Jr., Lieut.(jg), USNR, Commanding; signed H. H. CATHER, Lieut.(jg), USNR, Navigator.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-10
- Population
- PC-596 crew; USS Tutuila repair trades; ARD-14 drydock crew; RepSeronPurvis personnel (October 1944)
- Limitations
- Operational record of an overhaul event, not a material record - it documents that a 'major overhaul' by a repair ship (Tutuila, ARG-4) and floating drydock (ARD-14) was performed on this hull in October 1944, with engine work followed by trial runs, but does not name materials handled or removed. Repair-ship overhauls of the era routinely disturbed insulation and gasket materials, but no asbestos or insulation work is stated on the pages read. The diary series for this hull runs February 1944 - October 1945 in RG 38 (19 monthly file units); October 1944 is one month of that series.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-03
-
[5]NARA RG 38 World War II War Diaries, 'USS PC-596 - War Diary, 8/1-31/45,' NAID 77497470 (Micro Serial 142199; Serial 07; dated 1 September 1945; 6 images) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77497470, Roll A1878, images 0626-0631 (pages 1-2 read; full file 6 images)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own report documents a second drydock/availability period at Guam: 1 August 1945 moored in Port Apra, Guam, for an availability granted by CTU 94.7.1; 2 August 'got underway and proceeded into drydock, USS ARD 24, to effect repairs upon shafts and shaft bearings'; drydocked through 5 August with the availability extended; underway from ARD-24 on 5 August and anchored in Apra Harbor; on 7 August 'proceeded to patrol station 5 off Agana Bay, Guam, where we relieved the USS SC658 of patrol and screening duties'; continued patrolling stations 5 and 5A of the Guam Anti-Submarine Screen through mid-August (relieved 12 August by PC-570; AA firing practice at a towed sleeve, then resumed station).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-08
- Population
- PC-596 crew; ARD-24 drydock and Guam repair personnel (August 1945)
- Limitations
- Operational record of a repair event, not a material record - documents shaft and shaft-bearing repairs in floating drydock ARD-24 at Guam, August 1945; no materials or insulation content is stated. Anti-submarine screen patrol duty through the end-of-war period follows. One month of the 19-unit war diary series.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-04
-
[6]NARA RG 38 World War II War Diaries, 'USS PC-596 - War Diary, 10/1-31/45,' NAID 77572055 (Micro Serial 150641; Serial 09; dated 1 November 1945; 5 images) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77572055, Roll A1960, images 0276-0280 (pages 1, 3, 5 read)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The last war diary in the series documents post-surrender duty and the start of the homeward voyage: 1 October 1945 anchored in Sosanlagh Bay, Tota Island, Marianas Islands, as ready-duty vessel under CTU 94.7.1; relieved by USS LCI(L)-603 and returned to Apra Harbor, Guam; granted a ship's-force upkeep availability 3-9 October (CTU 94.7.1 dispatch 030208); on 19 October received aboard ten navy enlisted passengers and one officer for transportation to Pearl Harbor (diary types 'ten (1)'), then '1355 - Underway leaving Apra Harbor, Guam enroute to Pearl Harbor, T.H. for major overhaul pursuant to CTU 94.7.1 dispatch #190100 October 1945, in company with the USS PC-1254 and USS PC-1223.' Steaming at 10 knots via Eniwetok through the end of the month; crossed the 180th meridian 29 October. Signed JOHN BIGHAM, JR., LIEUTENANT, USNR, COMMANDING OFFICER.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-10
- Population
- PC-596 crew; 10 enlisted passengers + 1 officer embarked; PC-1254 and PC-1223 crews in company (October 1945)
- Limitations
- Operational record, not a material record. The stated purpose of the Pearl Harbor voyage was 'major overhaul'; whether that overhaul was performed, converted to inactivation, or truncated is not established by located sources (war diary series ends October 1945; muster rolls continue to decommissioning 3 May 1946). The ten enlisted passengers and one officer aboard for transport are documented; no materials content is stated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-05
-
[7]uboat.net Allied Warships, 'USS PC-596 (PC-596)' - build dates, disposal, commanding-officer roster, and two patrol-report-sourced escort events (verified live) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship page 8573 - info box, commands table, events section (cited: Sailfish 10th-patrol report + Gunnel 3rd-patrol report)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary compilation milestones for this hull: ordered 20 September 1941; built by Commercial Iron Works (Portland, Oregon); laid down 18 April 1942; launched 8 August 1942; commissioned 23 January 1943; 'Sold to be broken up for scrap on 11 November 1946.' Commanding-officer roster (WWII period): Milford McQuilkin USNR (commissioning - early 1943); Lt. Paul Litchfield Callan USNR (early-mid 1943); Lt. Robert Edgar Blackwell USNR (mid-late 1943); F. P. Mulligan USNR (late 1943 - early/mid 1944); William E. Norris USNR (early/mid - mid/late 1944); Arthur B. Parker, Jr. USNR (mid/late 1944 - 7 January 1945); H. H. Cather USNR (7 January - 23 May 1945); Lt. John C. Bigham, Jr. USNR (23 May 1945 - late 1945). Two documented escort events sourced to submarine patrol reports: 17 November 1943 escorted USS Sailfish and USS Gunnel out of Pearl Harbor on their 10th and 3rd war patrols (until ~1915, subs proceeded to Midway independently); 7 July 1945 rendezvoused with USS Devilfish at 0405 and escorted her into Apra Harbor, Guam (arriving ~0730), where Devilfish went to tender USS Fulton for post-patrol overhaul.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Crew (1943-45); submarine crews escorted (Nov 1943, Jul 1945)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation - milestone dates agree with NARA primary records where they overlap (commissioning 23 Jan 1943; CO names Mulligan, Parker, and Bigham all appear on war-diary signature blocks in matching periods). The 11 November 1946 disposal date conflicts with NavSource's January 1947 (see gaps). Events are sourced to submarine patrol reports, not to PC-596's own records. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block (GM 16-258S diesel plant, no boilers/steam); USNI Naval History 'Historic Fleets' February 1996 class survey; Fleischer-Drinker 1946 pipe-covering survey (ev-10); GAO HRD-80-2 substitution-era documentation (ev-11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/010596 specifications; USNI Naval History Feb 1996 'Historic Fleets'; PMID 21016030; GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered PC-461-class submarine chaser built 1942 at a Navy contract yard sits inside the documented WWII naval-construction asbestos era: the 1946 Fleischer/Drinker survey of Navy and contract yards documents amosite pipe covering, asbestos cloth, and asbestos cement as standard pipe-covering materials in naval vessel construction, and GAO documents Navy-wide asbestos insulation use into the early 1970s. Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this period were thermal insulation, diesel-engine and exhaust-system lagging (this class discharged main-engine exhaust over the side near the waterline per USNI), gaskets and valve packing throughout machinery spaces, electrical insulation and cable, deck coverings, and accommodation-space insulation. The hull carries no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- CIW construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-46); repair/tender and drydock trades at Purvis Bay (Oct 1944) and Guam (Aug 1945); Zidell shipbreakers (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - no hull-level material schedule, insulation specification, or asbestos survey exists in the public record for this ship. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity and no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-07
-
[9]uswarships.jounin.jp, PC-461 class compilation, PC-596 entry - transcription of a Pearl Harbor availability/repair record (secondary compilation; underlying official record unlocated) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uswarships.jounin.jp PC-461 list (part 2), PC-596 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A secondary compilation entry for this hull transcribes what appears to be a Pearl Harbor shipyard availability record: 'Pearl Harbor Arrived - 20 October 1943, Complete - 8 November 1943, Dock - 29 October 1943, Undock - 3 November 1943. All major hull work completed. All machinery work completed except for installations of exhaust trunks. Dock trial to be held this date. SF radar installed. QCQ sound equipment repaired.' If accurate, it documents a 19-day Pearl Harbor availability with 5 days in drydock immediately after this hull's first Pacific transit - including diesel exhaust-trunk installation and SF radar/QCQ sonar work.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-10/1943-11
- Population
- Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard trades (Oct-Nov 1943); crew
- Limitations
- ARCHIVAL LEAD ONLY - private compilation site (Japanese-language, US warship documentation project); the quoted text has the form of an official availability/repair summary (consistent with Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard / ComServPac availability reporting held at NARA, e.g. RG 181 14th Naval District or BuShips repair records) but the underlying primary record was not located or verified this session. Treat as an unverified lead pointing to yard work on this hull, not as a documented finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-08
-
[10]Oregon DEQ, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' community advisory group presentation (2012) - documented site history and contamination for the shipbreaking yard that dismantled this hull; corroborated by Herald & News (Klamath Falls) reporting on the Zidell site [other_primary]
- Locator
- DEQ CAG presentation ph-ZidellCAG.pdf (site history slide; contaminants slide; cleanup slide); heraldandnews.com 'Portland's Toxic Graveyard For World War II Ships'
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Government documentation of the site where this hull was broken up: the property (32 acres upland + 12 acres in-water sediment at 3121 SW Moody Ave., Portland, ECSI 689) was the 'Ironworks shipyard before WWII' that performed building, repair, and salvage work during the war, was 'Purchased by Zidell in 1946,' and saw '336 ships dismantled over 30 years - scrap sold, waste used as site fill.' Site contaminants include metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs, butyltins - and asbestos; cleanup included a certified 'Asbestos abatement project' with air monitoring and bulk ACM disposal. Press corroboration (Herald & News): Zidell leased a portion of the old Commercial Iron Works shipyard for what became the nation's largest shipbreaking operation; workers burned insulation off copper wire in open pits beside the Willamette; ship insulation, wiring, and linoleum were contaminated. PC-596 was thus dismantled on the same Willamette site where she had been built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1946-2012
- Population
- Zidell shipbreaking workforce (1946-late 1970s); cleanup workforce (2003-2012)
- Limitations
- Site-level environmental record, NOT a hull record: it documents that the shipbreaking site where PC-596 was scrapped handled asbestos-contaminated ships' material and was later cleaned up under Oregon DEQ oversight, but it does not tie any specific material to PC-596 or describe her dismantling. DEQ PDF verified live (45 pp.); Herald & News article verified live.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-09
-
[11]Fleischer WE, Viles FJ Jr, Gade RL, Drinker P. 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels.' J Ind Hyg Toxicol. 1946 Jan;28:9-16. PMID 21016030 (PubMed bibliographic record, NLM - verified live) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed PMID 21016030; J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28:9-16 (Jan 1946)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The landmark US government industrial-hygiene survey of WWII naval-vessel construction: pipe coverers at two Government navy yards and two Navy contract yards were examined (1,074 X-rayed; 3 asbestosis cases, all 20+-year pipe coverers), with dust counts and material analysis across seven pipe-covering operations. The pipe covering 'frequently employed was amosite' (a magnesium-iron silicate asbestos), and 'much asbestos cloth and asbestos cement were likewise used.' Documents that amosite insulation materials were standard in naval-vessel construction during the period this hull was built at a Navy contract yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (survey era); WWII construction period
- Population
- Pipe coverers and insulation trades at WWII Government and contract navy yards
- Limitations
- Era-level survey, not a hull record - yards are anonymized (A, B, C, D); Commercial Iron Works and PC-596 are not named. The PubMed record carries no abstract; findings are per the published text. CAVEAT: the shipyard-exposure-map yard dataset (moore-dry-dock-oakland) cites a retraction call for this paper reported by C&EN (July 2026) alleging understatement of asbestos hazards - carried here as a standing caveat on the source; its material-use observations remain the era documentation. The yard dataset's own citation URL for this paper (PMC1525949) resolves to an unrelated article - not propagated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-10
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1942) and service era (1943-46).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches, confirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description, same standing access gap noted in BATCH-01 and BATCH-98.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-11
-
[13]Batch-7971 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS candidate URLs; Naval Vessel Register; NavSource; uboat.net; NARA catalog (war diaries, muster rolls, deck-log sweep); jounin.jp availability transcription; Oregon DEQ Zidell cleanup; Herald & News; USNI; PubMed; GAO product page; CourtListener (partial - fleet pacing) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-596-pc596-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, material schedule, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming PC-596 was found in the public sources searched. There is no DANFS entry - unnamed PCs were outside DANFS coverage and NavSource states none exists; NHHC candidate URLs 404. NVR carries no entry (disposed pre-1987). CourtListener: exact-name opinion query '"USS PC-596"' (type=o) returned zero hits; hull-number opinion query '"PC-596"' (type=o) returned 3 hits, ALL name collisions - Indiana/Texas post-conviction and probate docket-number matches (Morales v. State 48A02-1506-PC-596; Torres v. Ramon 98-PC-0596; Washington v. State 49S00-8907-PC-596), none vessel- or asbestos-related; hull-number docket query '"PC-596"' (type=r) returned 18 dockets, ALL collisions - bankruptcy, civil, and MDL dockets where 'PC-596' appears in filing text, none vessel- or asbestos-related. The exact-name docket query '"USS PC-596"' (type=r) could not be completed this session - refused by the fleet-wide pacing limiter (hourly/burst budget, not the daily quota) - logged as blocked/pending in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced only law-firm marketing content (mesowatch.org and similar) asserting asbestos at Commercial Iron Works without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The litigation record is PARTIALLY unsearched: the exact-name docket-type base query ('USS PC-596' type=r) remains blocked by fleet pacing and must be re-run; the other three base queries are complete and show only collisions. Deck logs (RG 24) are undigitized; Pearl Harbor availability records (likely RG 181 / BuShips) are the open lead for 1943 yard work; the 1945-46 Pearl Harbor 'major overhaul' outcome is undocumented. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-596-pc596-12