Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet 935-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: PHANTOM
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-756-pc756-pkt-935-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'SC-701 - SC-800' compilation - SC-756 entry (live NHHC page, verified 2026-10-03) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS SC-701 - SC-800 page, SC-756 paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records for this hull, verbatim: 'Built at Robinson Marine Construction Co., Benton Harbor, Mich. Keel laid 7/9/42. Launched 5/15/43. Commissioned 7/8/43. Transferred to Russia 9/2/45.' The entry is a one-line milestone record with no service narrative - it does not carry the PC-756 laid-down designation, the April 1943 reclassification, the Soviet BO-335 designation, or any post-transfer detail.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Robinson Marine yard construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-45)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific milestones only; no asbestos or material content, no spec block, no service narrative, no decommissioning or striking dates. NavSource's page note 'There is no DANFS history available for SC-756' refers to the absence of a full narrative entry - this one-line compilation entry does exist and was verified live 2026-10-03. 'Transferred to Russia' = the Soviet Union.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, SC-756 (page verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/150756.htm header block, specifications block, commanding-officer table, photo-caption table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 9 July 1942 as PC-756 by the Robinson Marine Construction Co., Benton Harbor, MI; reclassified SC-756 in April 1943; launched 15 May 1943; commissioned USS SC-756, 8 July 1943; transferred to the Soviet Union 2 September 1945 and reclassified BO-335; assigned to the Pacific Fleet 11 September 1945; placed out of service 1 February 1954 and laid up; sunk 25 June 1956 in the Strait of Tartary off Sakhalin Island 'in agreement with the United States.' Banner notes 'SC-756 served the Navies of the United States and the Soviet Union.' Specifications: 148 t.; 110'10" x 17' x 6'6"; 21 kts.; complement 28; armament one 40mm mount, two .50 cal. machine guns, two depth charge projector 'K Guns,' two depth charge C racks; propulsion two 1,540bhp General Motors (Electro-Motive Div.) 16-184A diesel engines, two shafts. Call sign NXOY (Nan-Xray-Oboe-Yoke). Commanding officer: LTJG L. B. P. Gould, USNR (1945). Sole photograph: 17 June 1943 configuration shot - 'The two stern depth charge tracks have been removed and replaced by 10 single Type C racks. Gone, too are the mast and boom for handling depth charges. The K guns are now serviced by roller racks' (photo credit Robert Hurst).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1956
- Population
- Robinson Marine yard construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-45 US; 1945-54 Soviet)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates track DANFS where DANFS covers them; the PC-756 laid-down designation, the April 1943 reclassification, the Soviet-service detail (Pacific Fleet assignment, 1954 layup, 1956 sinking location and U.S.-agreement note), call sign, spec block, CO entry, and the photo caption come from this source alone among those searched. 'In agreement with the United States' reflects the lend-lease return/disposal framework but the underlying disposal agreement is not quoted. Its 'no DANFS history' note is stale - the one-line DANFS entry exists (ev-01). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: patrol-craft photo index - class introduction and SC-497-class roster (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/01idx.htm class introduction paragraph and SC-497-class roster rows (SC-756 ex-PC-756)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CORRECTION / designation-chain support: the class index explains the PC-to-SC reclassification as class-wide, not hull-unique - 'World War II expansion programs led to construction of two large groups of subchasers, the new 110-foot wooden-hulled craft and the 173-foot steel-hulled type. By 1943, it was felt desirable to differentiate between the two types. The type symbol PC was retained for the steel 173-footers, and the separate symbol SC was adopted for the 110-foot vessels. These now dropped the dual "S.C.-PC" identification, and were simply identified as "USS SC-."' The roster lists 'SC-756 ex-PC-756' alongside the same ex-PC pattern for every early class boat. This hull was therefore never a PC-461-class steel patrol craft: PC-756 was the shared-series number carried under the keel until the April 1943 re-symboling - she was reclassified before launching and commissioned directly as SC-756.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1943
- Limitations
- Corrects the batch-scope classification: 'PC-756' reads as a PC-461-class hull number but is a designation-history fact, not a hull-type fact. The 1943 dual-to-SC re-symboling is stated at class level; this hull's specific April 1943 reclassification month and 'laid down as PC-756' detail rest on the vessel page (ev-02). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-03
-
[5]Richard A. Russell, Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, No. 4 in The U.S. Navy in the Modern World Series (Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy, Washington, 1997) - appendix transfer-table row for SC-756 (NHHC publication via HyperWar/ibiblio mirror, PDF verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Russell, Project Hula (NHC 1997), printed page 40 (PDF page 45) - appendix table, SC756/BO-335 row; designation glossary p. 40
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NHHC-published monograph's appendix 'U.S. Navy Combatant Ships Transferred to the USSR Under Project HULA, May-September 1945' records for this hull: 'SC756 | B0-335 | 2 Sep. | 1956-destroyed' - corroborating the 2 September 1945 transfer, the Soviet designation BO-335 ('bolshiye okhotniki za povodnimi lodkami' - large hunters for submarines), and a 1956 destruction disposition consistent with NavSource's Strait of Tartary sinking. The table's stated sources are Department of the Navy, Ships Data: U.S. Naval Vessels, vol. II, 1 January 1949 (NAVSHIPS 250-012) and S. S. Berezhnoi, Flot SSSR: Korabli i suda lendliza (1994).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-1956
- Population
- U.S. crew to transfer (1943-45); Soviet crew post-transfer
- Limitations
- Official NHHC-published monograph naming this hull in a primary-data appendix, but the table is a compilation from NAVSHIPS 250-012 (1949) and Berezhnoi's Russian reference (1994) - the transfer line is documentary, the '1956-destroyed' disposition gives no date or location (NavSource's 25 June 1956 Strait of Tartary sinking is the detailed account). The monograph itself carries the standard NHC disclaimer that views are the author's. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-04
-
[6]Russell, Project Hula (NHC 1997) - program narrative: Cold Bay detachment, subchaser training cycle, September 1945 closing (same PDF, verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Russell, Project Hula (NHC 1997), narrative pp. 18-21, 34-35 (printed pagination)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NHHC monograph documents the program this hull was transferred under: Project Hula was the secret program at Cold Bay, Territory of Alaska, under Navy Detachment 3294 (CDR William S. Maxwell), created to transfer U.S. naval vessels to the Soviet Union in anticipation of Soviet entry into the war against Japan - a planned 180 ships before 1 November 1945 including 56 submarine chasers. Training began 16 April 1945; transfers ran May-September 1945 (appendix title) with roughly 12,000 Soviet personnel trained (final shore-based training of 3,700 completed 25 August). In late August and early September training was limited to the minimum needed to navigate ships home; Soviet crews accepted two frigates on 2 September - the day of the Japanese surrender ceremony aboard USS Missouri - and Admiral Popov and his staff departed 27 September aboard the steamer Carl Schurz with partially trained crews for the last 2 frigates, 5 motor minesweepers, and 24 subchasers. In 142 days the detachment transferred 149 ships to the Soviet navy. The subchaser program was 'trouble-plagued': wooden-hulled vessels frequently suffered hull damage on the voyage up, nine subchasers made a ~400-mile round trip to Dutch Harbor for repairs, and Maxwell arranged 13th Naval District subchasers as substitutes to hold the schedule.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-04 to 1945-09
- Population
- Navy Detachment 3294 (~1,500 U.S. personnel); ~12,000 Soviet trainees; last subchaser crews (Aug-Sep 1945)
- Limitations
- Program context, not hull detail: the monograph's appendix gives SC-756's transfer date (2 Sep 1945) but does not narrate her individual arrival, training cycle, or departure; whether she was among the 24 subchasers whose partially trained crews left on the Carl Schurz on 27 September is plausible given her transfer date but is not asserted. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-05
-
[7]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), Robinson Marine Construction yard construction table, Benton Harbor MI; corroborated by the site's WWII sub-chaser production table at shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/pc2.htm (both verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- robinsonmi.htm yard table, SC 756 row; smallships/pc2.htm SC 756 row; yard-history header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The builder's-yard table records for this hull: 'SC 756 | US Navy | Sub Chaser | 136 | 110 | 8-Jul-43 | To the USSR 1945 as BO 335' - corroborating the 8 July 1943 delivery/commissioning date and the BO-335 transfer designation. The companion production table lists 'SC | 756 | Robinson Marine | Benton Harbor MI | 148 | 110 | 8-Jul-43 | To the USSR 1945 as BO-335' - internally consistent. The yard page documents Robinson Marine Construction as started in 1925 by Glen Robinson (formerly treasurer of Dachel-Carter Shipbuilding), closed 1960, with the yard on the northeast corner of the industrial island in St. Joseph, Michigan - one of the small recreational-craft builders of the St. Joseph-Benton Harbor twin-city boatbuilding cluster mobilized for wartime SC production.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Robinson Marine yard construction trades (1942-43)
- Limitations
- Shipbuildinghistory is a long-running secondary reference compilation (yard records and delivery tables), not an official registry - its dates track DANFS/NavSource where those sources cover them. The delivery-column date equals the commissioning date for this hull. The '136 | 110' GT/length columns are consistent across its SC rows. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-06
-
[8]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS SC-756 (SC-756) vessel entry - milestones and USSR transfer (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/8973.html - milestone table and History line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net records this hull: SC-497-class submarine chaser, built by Robinson Marine Construction Co. (Benton Harbor, Michigan); ordered 16 February 1942; laid down 9 July 1942; launched 15 May 1943; commissioned 8 July 1943; end service 2 September 1945 - 'Transferred to the USSR on 2 September 1945.' No commanding officers or notable events listed for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- Crew aboard (1943-45)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a secondary compilation; its milestone dates track DANFS/NavSource and corroborate the transfer. 'Ordered 16 Feb 1942' rests on this source alone (identical to the order date it gives sister SC-698 - probably a shared contract-batch entry; carried in gaps, not asserted). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-07
-
[9]NARA Special List 44 (by ship number), 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947' - SC-756 row (PDF verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, SC hull-number sequence, SC-756 row (begin 7/8/1943, end 9/2/1945)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 ship-number index records deck logs held for SC-756 covering 7/8/1943 - 9/2/1945 (RG 24, Entry 118) - the log series begins on her commissioning date and ends on the documented date of her transfer to the Soviet Union, corroborating the full U.S. commissioned-service window against an official archival finding aid and independently matching the DANFS/NavSource/uboat.net/Hula-table transfer date.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-07-08 to 1945-09-02
- Population
- Crew (1943-45)
- Limitations
- Finding-aid level: documents that logs for this hull exist in RG 24 for 8 July 1943 - 2 September 1945; the logs themselves are undigitized at NARA College Park and were not read - contents (stations, operations, material notes) unknown. Whether Soviet-era log coverage exists is outside this finding aid. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-08
-
[10]HyperWar/ibiblio, Ships of the U.S. Navy 1940-1945, SC table - SC-756 row (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-sc.html, SC-756 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy-ships reference table records 'SC-756 | 1942-44 | Lend-Lease to USSR' - corroborating the build window and the lend-lease disposal route at generic table level.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Limitations
- Generic table row only - no dates, builder, or narrative beyond 'Lend-Lease to USSR.' HyperWar/ibiblio is the standard verbatim-transcription mirror for NHHC-published reference works. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: NARA-authored Unwritten Record blog (wooden 110' SC put into production for WWII); NavSource spec block (GM 16-184A diesels, no steam plant); class-article construction data (438 boats, 1941-44); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA Unwritten Record 'Spotlight: Submarine Chasers' (26 Apr 2016); NavSource specifications block; shipyards.json (no Robinson Marine entry)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A wooden-hulled, diesel-powered 110' submarine chaser built 1942-43 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era but at the low end of its material intensity: no boilers, no steam lines, no turbine lagging - the dominant shipboard asbestos pathways do not exist on this hull type. Era-standard diesel-craft applications aboard a boat of this type and period were engine and exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets, valve packing, and electrical/wiring insulation in a small wooden hull volume.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1956
- Population
- Robinson Marine yard construction trades (1942-43); crew (1943-45 US; 1945-54 Soviet); disposal workforce (1956)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for SC-756/PC-756. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity. The wooden-hull type plausibly carried materially less asbestos than steel steam vessels of the same era - an inference about degree, not an exemption claim. No manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-10
-
[12]National Archives, The Unwritten Record (NARA staff blog), 'Spotlight: Submarine Chasers' (26 April 2016) - RG 19 engineering-record context for the 110' chaser type (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- unwritten-record.blogs.archives.gov post, RG 19 drawing links (NAID 28264940, 30010079)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA-authored record on the type: '440 of these wooden SC boats were constructed and placed in service during the World War I era. The design proved very effective, and an improved wooden 110' SC was put into production for World War II' - confirming the wooden-hull construction of this hull's class from a government archival source, and pointing to RG 19 Alphabetical Series of Ship Engineering Drawings holdings for the 110' chaser type (NAID 28264940 outboard profile; NAID 30010079).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1944 (WWII production statement)
- Limitations
- Confirms the class's wooden construction - a material-context fact relevant to how much asbestos the type could plausibly carry - but contains no asbestos content and documents the WWI predecessor design directly; the WWII production statement is at type level. The linked NARA catalog records are JS-rendered and could not be independently fetched this session (see search ledger).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-11
-
[13]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product-page highlights (firecrawl-rendered, verified 2026-10-03) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 highlights block (plain curl 403; firecrawl-rendered; 26-page PDF not retrieved)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO's review of Navy asbestos-exposure protection documented that asbestos insulation was in use in Navy ships, and that the Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed to accomplish necessary repairs - a policy modified in 1979 to include selectively replacing asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas. The program-level finding places asbestos insulation aboard Navy ships generally throughout this hull's U.S. service era (1943-45).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - and this hull's U.S. service (1943-45) ended three decades before the survey. Content via product-page highlights - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to plain curl but renders under firecrawl; the 26-page full-report PDF was not retrieved. Fieldwork shipyards were Long Beach and Norfolk - not this hull's builder.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-12
-
[14]Batch-8130 search ledger (this record): DANFS compilation; NavSource vessel + class index; NHHC Project Hula monograph; uboat.net; Shipbuilding History yard + production tables; NARA Special List 44; HyperWar ships table; NARA blog; GAO product page; NAVPERS-derived campaign-credit table; NVR check; LOC VHP; AWM; PCSA class page; CourtListener (API v4); secondary web sweep (navypedia, sewar.ru corroboration) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc-756-01 through -20
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS SC-756 / PC-756 was found in the public sources searched. Additional absences recorded: the NAVPERS-derived campaign-participation table carries no SC-756 row (no credited WWII battle-star operations for this hull - consistent with a U.S. service record spent outside credited combat areas); no Veterans History Project collection names this hull; no AWM photograph (unlike SWPA sisters, she served the North Pacific transfer route). CourtListener status for this session is recorded in the search ledger - see sl-uss-pc-756 rows for which queries ran and which stayed fleet-pacing-blocked.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 110' wooden diesel boat simply has few asbestos-relevant systems and generated few paper records; no survey would be expected for a hull this small transferred in 1945. RG 24 deck logs (held 7/8/1943-9/2/1945), any BuShips/Hula program files at NARA, and Soviet naval archives for the BO-335 period (1945-54) are undigitized/open leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc-756-13