Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 944-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pc-824-pc824-pkt-944-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-824 page (compiled from official sources incl. Jane's Fighting Ships; page states 'There is no DANFS history available for PC-824') [other_primary]
- Locator
- PC-824 page, specifications block + service timeline + commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: laid down 6 March 1944 by the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Corp., Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; launched 10 May 1944; commissioned USS PC-824, 28 August 1944; transferred to the War Shipping Administration in June 1948; transferred to Mexico in 1948 and reclassified GC-35; fate unknown. Specifications: 450 t., 173'8" x 23' x 10'10", 20.2 kts, complement 65; one 3"/50 DP mount, one 40mm, five 20mm, two depth-charge projectors, two depth-charge tracks, two rocket launchers; two 1,280 bhp Hooven-Owen-Rentschler RB-99DA diesels (serials 7345, 7346), Westinghouse single reduction gear, two shafts. Commanding officer LT J. D. Ludwig, USNR (1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948 (US service); 1948-? (Mexican service)
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1944); wartime crew (design complement 65)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a compiled reference, not a primary record - it documents milestones and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. Its 'transferred to Mexico in 1948' conflicts with Jane's ('purchased as surplus in the United States in 1952') and SEMAR ('alta en la Armada en 1951') - conflict carried in gaps; the U.S.-side disposal to WSA in June 1948 is corroborated by the BGSU HCGL registry date of June 8, 1948.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-01
-
[3]Bowling Green State University, Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, vessel registry entry PC-0824 [other_primary]
- Locator
- HCGL item 439185, Registry and Rig Information / Vessel History / Build Information tables
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- University maritime-archive registry record for this hull: steel-hulled propeller patrol craft, 173.66' x 23' x 8', built 1944 by Smith, Leathem D. Shipbuilding Co., Sturgeon Bay, WI; owner of record U.S. Navy 1944-1948; disposition 'Sold out of service, June 8, 1948, presumably for scrapping.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- US Navy crew to June 1948
- Limitations
- Registry-level record - documents the June 8, 1948 US-side disposal date precisely, but its 'presumably for scrapping' presumption is contradicted by this hull's documented Mexican Navy service as GC-35 (Jane's 1960-61/1962-63; Jane's 1967/68 photo via NavSource). Contains no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII, USS PC-824 (PC-824) page (events sourced to USS Seahorse 7th, USS Bullhead 1st, and USS Tigrone 1st war patrol reports) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ship/8651 page, details table + commanding-officers table + 'Notable events' section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Reputable specialist reference (secondary) naming this hull: ordered 23 August 1942; Lt.(jg) Jack D. Ludwig, USNR, in command from commissioning 28 August 1944 to late 1945; Pacific service documented at Guam in March 1945 - on 10 March 1945 operating with PC-1082 and ATR-50 around USS Spadefish's departure, and on 19 March 1945 serving as escort when USS Tigrone, USS Bullhead, USS Seahorse and USS Haddock arrived at Guam from Pearl Harbor (events cited to the submarines' war patrol reports).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Wartime crew; escorted-submarine crews at Guam, March 1945
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled database, not an official record - its build dates agree with NavSource and BGSU; the order date (23 Aug 1942) and the escort events are not independently verified here against the underlying patrol reports. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-03
-
[5]Jane's Fighting Ships 1960-61, Mexico section, '9 Ex-U.S. PC Type (Rated as Guardacostas)' listing; corroborated by Jane's Fighting Ships 1962-63 (https://archive.org/details/JanesFightingShips196263) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Jane's FS 1960-61, Mexico > Patrol Boats > '9 Ex-U.S. PC Type (Rated as Guardacostas)'; identical listing in 1962-63 edition
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Jane's Fighting Ships lists nine ex-U.S. PC-type vessels rated as Guardacostas in the Armada de Mexico - GC-30 (ex-PC 820), GC-31 (ex-PC 608), GC-32 (ex-PC 614), GC-33 (ex-PC 813), GC-34 (ex-PC 794), GC-35 (ex-PC 824), GC-36 (ex-PC 1224), GC-37 (ex-PC 819), GC-38 (ex-PC 1210) - stating the group was 'purchased as surplus in the United States in 1952'; class data: 280 t standard (450 full load), 173.5' o.a., 1 x 3-inch, 1 x 40mm, 5 x 20mm, 4 D.C.T., 2 diesels, 2 shafts, 2,880 bhp = 19 kts, complement 65. A photograph of this hull as ARM GC-35 appears in the Jane's 1967/68 edition per NavSource.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1952-1968 (documented window)
- Population
- Mexican Navy (Armada de Mexico) crews, c. 1951/52 onward
- Limitations
- Documents Mexican Navy service and the 1952 surplus-purchase date for the nine-unit group; does not give GC-35's individual fate, decommissioning, or scrapping date, and contains no materials or asbestos information. Conflicts with NavSource's 'transferred to Mexico in 1948' - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-04
-
[6]Secretaria de Marina (Mexico), Memorias de Marina (official naval history series), fleet appendix entry for the ex-U.S. submarine-chaser Guardacostas group [other_primary]
- Locator
- memorias_marina_I.pdf, fleet-list appendix (~p. 212-213 print), 'Guardacostas' entry and baja note
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Mexican Navy's own published memorias describe the Guardacostas group - 'former U.S. Submarine Chasers' built 1945 (sic), 'alta en la Armada en 1951' (entered Mexican Navy service in 1951) - with class dimensions matching the PC-461 type (52.9 m / 173'7", 318 t, 48-man complement as then configured), and note that on 10 January 1970 a Guardacostas and several minesweepers were stricken. The nine GC-30 to GC-38 units (of which this hull was GC-35) are covered as a group.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1951-1970 (memorias window)
- Population
- Mexican Navy crews; Mexican yard/maintenance workers
- Limitations
- Scanned Spanish-language official history consulted by OCR; the entry describes the Guardacostas group generically rather than GC-35 individually, its '1951' entry-into-service date conflicts with Jane's '1952' purchase date, and the OCR'd 'built 1945' and complement figures differ from US records - the group-level attribution to this hull's era is sound, unit-level detail is not. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and US service era (1944-48).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era reviewed covers 1944-48
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-03) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource/Jane's specification blocks (diesel plant: 2 x Hooven-Owen-Rentschler RB-99DA diesels, 2 shafts); PC-461 class construction era 1941-44; GAO HRD-80-2 era coverage (see ev-uss-pc824-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications; Jane's FS class data; GAO HRD-80-2 era coverage
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel-powered submarine chaser built March-August 1944 sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era. As a diesel vessel she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply - but era-standard applications for a patrol craft of this type and period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, thermal/acoustic insulation in the confined hull volume, electrical insulation, and deck coverings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1970 (plausible window; Mexican disposal date undocumented)
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1944); US crew 1944-48; Mexican crew and maintenance workers c. 1951/52 onward; eventual shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PC-824. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-07
-
[9]Universidad Naval (Mexico) repository index: 'Baja y desguace de cinco guardacostas y del buque escuela Zaragoza II' - Presidential decree of 11 March 1963 ordering decommissioning and scrapping of five Guardacostas [other_primary]
- Locator
- repositorio.uninav.edu.mx item 2ae686ad-d862-4053-843e-514ef3375187 (index snippet; full item HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A Mexican naval-university (UNINAV) repository index records a Presidential decree of 11 March 1963 ordering the decommissioning and scrapping of five Guardacostas and the school ship Zaragoza II - a candidate disposition document for some of the nine-unit GC-30 to GC-38 group that included this hull as GC-35. Whether GC-35 was among the five is unverified; NavSource's photograph of ARM GC-35 is from the Jane's 1967/68 edition, which suggests (but does not prove) she survived the 1963 cull.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1963
- Population
- Mexican Navy; scrapping-yard workers (unidentified units)
- Limitations
- Repository item not retrievable - repositorio.uninav.edu.mx returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-03); only the index snippet was visible. Decree text in the Diario Oficial not yet located; the five units are not identified here. Lead only - establishes nothing about this hull's individual fate or materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-08
-
[10]Batch-8195 search ledger (this record): NavSource; BGSU HCGL; uboat.net; Jane's FS 1960-61/1962-63 (Internet Archive); SEMAR memorias PDF; NHHC DANFS; NVR; ww2pcsa.org; NARA deck-log index; UNINAV repository; GAO product page; CourtListener; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pc824-01 through sl-uss-pc824-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming PC-824 / USS PC-824 / GC-35 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener base queries returned zero hits for "USS PC-824" in both opinion and docket indexes and two name-collision opinions for "PC-824" (post-conviction docket number and a reporter page cite - neither references any vessel); the bare-hull docket full-text index could not be queried under fleet pacing. No DANFS entry exists for this hull (NavSource confirms; NHHC URL pattern 404s). The only 'asbestos aboard' material on the open web is law-firm marketing content asserting asbestos aboard Navy vessels generically without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 diesel patrol craft sits inside the documented asbestos-use era, and both her US scrapping-era and Mexican-service records are thin. CourtListener coverage: 3 of 4 base queries executed (opinion and docket indexes for 'USS PC-824' and the opinion index for 'PC-824' all clean); the 'PC-824' docket full-text index is an open gap (14 paced attempts, no token won). NARA WWII deck logs (RG 24) and Leathem D. Smith yard work packages are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pc824-09