Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 511-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: USS Pitt (LPA-223)
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-pitt-lpa223-pkt-511-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Pitt (APA-223), NHHC (published 2015-08-21; live page returns 404 as of 2026-09-30 - cited via Wayback Machine capture 2025-12-09, labeled archived) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC DANFS 'Pitt' entry body text, spec block through battle-star line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official DANFS entry: Pitt (APA-223), a Haskell-class attack transport (VC2-S-AP5) named for Pitt County, NC, was laid down 1944-09-08 by Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond, Calif., as MCV hull 571; launched 1944-11-10, sponsored by Mrs. Gwin Fallis; commissioned 1944-12-11, Capt. Walter S. Mayer Jr. in command. After shakedown she departed 1945-02-10 for Ulithi via Pearl Harbor and Eniwetok, then Leyte and Kerama Retto, where her embarked troops took Zamami Shima; she served as receiving ship for Kerama Retto Naval Base, caring for several hundred survivors of kamikaze attacks and shooting down one suicide plane on 6 April. Postwar she carried occupation troops to Aomori (25 Sep 1945) and ran Magic Carpet repatriation voyages from Saipan, Tinian, Manila, and Nagoya. Decommissioned and transferred to the Maritime Commission 1947-04-09; stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 1947-04-23; laid up in NDRF Suisun Bay. One battle star for WWII service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947; 1970 (publication-era framing)
- Population
- Crew (536 ship's company + embarked troops, per complement field)
- Limitations
- Verbatim official service history; the live NHHC URL 404s (standing NHHC link-rot defect) so the Wayback capture is cited and labeled archived; identical DANFS text is reproduced on NavSource (verified live). Contains no asbestos, material, or condition information; supports no exposure claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-01
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[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. III (Auxiliaries), NAVSHIPS 250-012 (Apr 1945, rev. Dec 1945) - APA-223 Pitt row (shipscribe.com scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APA section, row 199 'Pitt' across characteristics/machinery/armament/builder tables
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official BuShips data for this hull: Pitt, APA-223 (row 199), 'ex-M.C.V. Hull 571' (confirmed on the scanned page image - the PDF text layer misreads it as 671); 455 ft overall / 436.5 ft wl, 62 ft beam, 17.7 kt, 14,837 t; machinery - 1 Westinghouse geared turbine, 8,500 shp, 2 Combustion Engineering header-type boilers at 465 psi/750 F; complement 56 officers/480 enlisted; troop accommodations 87 officers/1,475 enlisted; armament 1x 5"/38 DP, 4 twin + 1 quad 40mm; cargo 150,000 cu ft, 2,900 DWT; built by Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond, Calif.; commissioned 11 Dec 44.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Ship's company 536; embarked troops up to ~1,562
- Limitations
- Contemporary official machinery/complement record naming this hull; the scan's OCR text layer is imperfect (it renders the M.C.V. hull number as 671 where the printed page reads 571). Establishes the superheated-steam plant aboard this hull; contains no insulation-material or asbestos statement - asbestos relevance is inference only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-02
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[4]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive: USS Pitt (LPA-223) ex-USS Pitt (APA-223) (1944-1968) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/03/03223 page, timeline block and specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-specific timeline: acquired by the Navy from the Maritime Commission on loan-charter; commissioned 1944-12-11, CAPT Walter Scott Mayer Jr. (USNA '25) in command; TransRon 13/TransDiv 39 in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; Okinawa Gunto operation 26 Mar-12 Apr 1945; Navy Occupation Service (15-29 Sep 1945, 3-11 Jan 1946) and China Service (29 Jun-2 Jul 1946) windows; decommissioned and returned to the Maritime Commission 1947-04-09 for lay-up at NDRF Suisun Bay; struck from the Naval Register 1947-04-23; redesignated Amphibious Transport (LPA-223) 1968-08-14 while in reserve custody; sold for scrapping 1980-02-15 under the MARAD trade-in exchange program to Carrol Shipping & Trading Co., Monrovia, via A. L. Burbank & Co. for $957,174.74; removed 1980-04-14; dismantled by Kang Hiva Enterprises, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1980
- Limitations
- NavSource is a non-official compiler but reproduces the official designation/disposition timeline verbatim and carries NHHC photo USN 1044190; scrapping detail corroborated by the MARAD ShipHistory milestones row. The 1968 LPA redesignation was administrative - the ship was stricken and in NDRF custody, never recommissioned. No asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-03
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[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - PITT (APA-223), Ship History Detail 3901 (milestones and status-card index) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 3901, milestones table and status-card thumbnails
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD custody record for this hull: year built 1944; shipyard Permanente Metals Corporation; MARAD type VC2-S-AP5; milestones - entry/acquisition 1947-04-09 (MARAD custody, 'CUST 1947 NDRF 1947'), a 'REPAIR PROGRAM 1955' annotation, disposition/withdrawal 1980-04-14; fate 'Sold - Scrap.' Secondary accounts date a brief NDRF withdrawal by Pope & Talbot 1954-09-13 to 1954-10-22 under the repair program; the status-card images are indexed on the page but were not retrievable this session.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1980
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody milestones; the page's 'General Type: Training (School)' label reflects a post-custody program notation, not a Navy role change. The Pope & Talbot withdrawal dates rest on secondary sourcing - the underlying status-card images did not resolve to a fetchable URL this session. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-04
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[6]DANFS, Hinsdale (APA-120) (HyperWar verbatim transcription of the official entry; cross-reference naming Pitt) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS APA-120 entry, Kerama Retto paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official DANFS entry for USS Hinsdale (APA-120), a Haskell-class sister kamikaze-damaged off Okinawa on 1945-04-01, states that Hinsdale's cargo - 'mainly equipment and stores needed by the Marines' - was shifted to Pitt (APA-223) at Kerama Retto, corroborating Pitt's documented receiving-ship role there.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-04
- Limitations
- Cross-reference entry for a sister ship; names this hull but establishes only the operational event - no material, insulation, or asbestos content. HyperWar transcription verified live; live NHHC Hinsdale page not separately confirmed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-05
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[7]Corn, J. K., and J. Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987); plus BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373; SDB1945v3 APA machinery table row 199
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull's documented superheated-steam plant (2 Combustion Engineering header-type boilers at 465 psi/750 F feeding a Westinghouse geared turbine) was completed in late 1944 at the peak of wartime asbestos use in U.S. shipbuilding; peer-reviewed era scholarship (Corn & Starr) documents that WWII shipbuilding used asbestos extensively for fireproofing and insulation. For this ship type the exposure-relevant applications are boiler and fireroom insulation, steam-line and turbine lagging, gaskets and packing, accommodation/joiner insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings; the short Navy career (to 1947) shifts later disturbance to NDRF lay-up, the 1954-55 repair-program withdrawal, and 1980 shipbreaking in Taiwan.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1980
- Population
- Permanente Metals/Kaiser Richmond construction trades (1944); ship's company and embarked troops (1944-1947); NDRF custodial and repair-program workers (1947-1980); Taiwan shipbreaking workers (1980)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no document names asbestos aboard this hull. The Corn & Starr article documents WWII shipbuilding generally and does not mention this vessel; BuShips data documents machinery, not insulation materials. Establishes no quantity, no presence aboard this hull, and no exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-06
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[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program and its insulation-removal policies (1975 standing policy removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs; modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas) - era context for how asbestos aboard naval auxiliaries was treated while this hull sat in NDRF custody (1947-1980).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation, not hull- or class-specific; establishes no asbestos condition aboard Pitt. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch; content via the product-page description (standing access defect noted since Batch 01).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-07
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[9]National Archives, '1941-1959 Deck Logs, including World War 2 and the Korean War' (RG 24 series coverage) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov deck-log research page; RG 24 Entry 118 / NAID 581208 series
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Pitt's 1944-1947 deck logs fall within NARA's 'Logbooks of the U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978' holdings (RG 24) at College Park; the series documents boilers engaged/shut down, machinery operations, personnel, and discipline - the record class most likely to carry first-hand material-condition remarks aboard this hull.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Limitations
- Archival lead, not a located record: whether Pitt's specific logs are digitized was not confirmed this session (the NARA catalog search interface is JS-rendered and did not answer scripted queries). Deck logs would document operations, not insulation materials, and carry no inherent asbestos statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-08
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[10]This record's search ledger (sl-uss-pitt-lpa223-01 through -10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-pitt-lpa223-01 through sl-uss-pitt-lpa223-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or government report naming APA-223/LPA-223 was found in the public sources searched. The only web hits asserting asbestos aboard this hull are law-firm marketing pages (asbestos-ships.com, duboselawfirm.com jobsite list) that assert exposure risk without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard; a late-1944 steam auxiliary's insulation would era-typically have contained asbestos. CourtListener coverage completed via the authenticated helper: 'USS Pitt' opinion+docket and 'LPA-223' opinion returned zero hits; 'APA-223' opinion/docket and 'LPA-223' docket hits are all name collisions (Administrative Procedure Act dockets, unrelated civil cases). RECAP-indexed text only - county-named ship sweeps under-cover filings that omit hull numbers. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-pitt-lpa223-09