Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]research packet 1010-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: MISMATCH (RE-SCOPE)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-py-2-py2-pkt-1010-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Hawk I (IX-14) - construction as yacht Hermione, purchase, Spanish-American War service incl. Alphonso XII engagement, naval-militia loans, 9th Naval District service, disposal (live NHHC page verified 2026-10-04) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Hawk I (IX-14) entry - narrative and spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: built 1891 as Hermione by Fleming & Ferguson, Paisley, Scotland; purchased by the Navy 2 April 1898 and renamed Hawk; commissioned three days later, Lt. J. Hood in command. Sailed from Key West late April 1898 to join the North Atlantic Squadron blockading Cuba; on 23 May accompanied Admiral Sampson's flagship New York out from Key West; two weeks later attacked and destroyed enemy ship Alphonso XII, which carried cargo for Cuba. Decommissioned at Norfolk 14 September 1898. Recommissioned 1900 and loaned to the Ohio Naval Militia (9 years); transferred 3 August 1909 to the Naval Militia of New York and served 10 years in the Buffalo area. Decommissioned 21 May 1919; designated IX-14 on 1 July 1921. Recommissioned 16 April 1922, assigned to the 9th Naval District, operated in the Great Lakes for the duration. Decommissioned 14 February 1940; sold 25 February to the Indiana Salvage Co., Michigan City, Ind. Spec block: dp. 545; l. 145'; b. 22'; dr. 11'; s. 14 k.; cpl. 47; a. 1 3-pdr., 2 1-pdr.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1891-1940
- Population
- Construction trades, Fleming & Ferguson (1891); crew and militia personnel (1898-1940)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. DANFS records the IX-14 designation (1 July 1921) but omits the PY-2 patrol-yacht designation entirely - carried from NavSource, see gaps. The Alphonso XII engagement is asserted at DANFS's level of detail only ('attacked and destroyed'); no finer tactical detail carried.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-01
-
[3]NHHC, U.S. Navy Spanish Campaign Medal eligibility list - vessel service windows (live NHHC page verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC Spanish Campaign Medal page, vessel table row 'USS Hawk | 23 Apr 1898-12 Aug 1898'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's official Spanish Campaign Medal eligibility list credits USS Hawk with campaign service 23 April - 12 August 1898, corroborating the DANFS war-service narrative (sailed late April from Key West; decommissioned 14 September 1898).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898
- Population
- Crew, 1898-04-23 to 1898-08-12 campaign window
- Limitations
- Medal-eligibility service window only; independent corroboration of the blockade/Cuba period, not of any engagement detail. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-02
-
[4]NavSource Online, Patrol Yacht Photo Archive, Hawk (IX 14) ex-Hawk (PY 2) - designation timeline, specifications incl. propulsion, commanding-officer list, NARA/NHHC photo captions, sale and 'Fate unknown' (live navsource.net page verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/1302.htm header timeline, specifications block, photo captions (19-N-17-7-11; NH 54954, NH 54956), commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: built 1891 as Hermione by Fleming and Ferguson, Paisley, Scotland; purchased 2 April 1898, renamed Hawk; commissioned 5 April 1898; decommissioned 14 September 1898 at Norfolk, VA; recommissioned 1900 and loaned to the Ohio Naval Militia; transferred 3 August 1909 to the New York Naval Militia; decommissioned 21 May 1919 and laid up in the reserve fleet; designated Patrol Yacht PY-2 in 1920; reclassified Miscellaneous Auxiliary IX-14 on 1 July 1921; recommissioned 16 April 1922; decommissioned 14 February 1940; sold 25 February 1940 to the Indiana Salvage Co. of Michigan City, IN; 'Fate unknown.' Specifications: displacement 545 t.; length 145'; beam 22'; draft 11'6"; speed 14.5 kts.; complement 39 (1920: 46); armament one 3-pounder and two 1-pounders; propulsion - two single-ended and one auxiliary boiler, one 900 hp quadruple-expansion steam engine, one shaft. Photo captions document 'Henry Lillie Pierce's yacht Hermione' (27 July 1895) and the hull at the New York Navy Yard circa April 1898 fitting out for naval service (NARA photo 19-N-17-7-11).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1891-1940
- Population
- Construction trades (1891); crew and militia personnel (1898-1940); New York Navy Yard fit-out trades (1898)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its dates track DANFS where both exist; PY-2 designation year (1920), propulsion detail, complement (39/46), draft (11'6"), and speed (14.5 kts) rest on NavSource alone. Contains no asbestos content. The propulsion spec (steam plant) anchors era inference but is not itself a materials record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-03
-
[5]Brooklyn Navy Yard (official site), 'Ships at the Brooklyn Navy Yard' vessel list PDF - 'USS Hawk (PY-2) USA Patrol Yacht 1898-1940' (PDF retrieved and text-extracted 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- BNY 'Ships at the Brooklyn Navy Yard' PDF p. 5 (alphabetical list); NARA 19-N-17-7-11 caption via NavSource
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Brooklyn Navy Yard's official ship list includes USS Hawk (PY-2), U.S. patrol yacht, 1898-1940, among ships associated with the yard. Corroborating imagery: NARA photo 19-N-17-7-11 (NavSource caption) shows the hull at the New York Navy Yard circa April 1898 while fitting out for naval service - the yard event being her conversion from civilian yacht to commissioned patrol vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898
- Population
- New York Navy Yard fit-out/conversion trades (April 1898)
- Limitations
- Documents yard presence and the 1898 fit-out event only - not the scope of yard work, materials handled, or any later availabilities. Presence at a yard later documented as an asbestos site is NOT exposure evidence; no work records for the 1898 conversion were located. No asbestos content in either source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-04
-
[6]NARA RG 19 photographs via NavSource captions: 19-N-17-7-11 (New York Navy Yard, April 1898, fitting out), 19-N-17-7-9 (Norfolk Navy Yard, September 1900); NHHC photos NH 54954 (c. 1920s Michigan City naval-reserve training, with SC-419) and NH 54956 (ship's officers, September 1898); plus NHHC donation collection UA 564 (Treasure Island Collection, 'USS Hawk (PY-2/IX-14) may also be the subject of some photographs') [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/1302.htm photo captions; NARA navy logbooks online index (archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online) - no Hawk entry; NHHC UA 564 collection page
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for this hull: Bureau of Ships RG 19 photographs place her at the New York Navy Yard (April 1898 fit-out) and Norfolk Navy Yard (September 1900); NHHC holds Michigan City-era imagery consistent with her naval-reserve training role on the Great Lakes. NARA's online Navy logbook index contains no digitized logbooks for this hull (decommissioned February 1940; the digitized series does not cover her). These are presence records, not work records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898-circa 1940
- Population
- Crew and any yard trades during 1898-1900 yard periods; Michigan City-area reserve training population (1920s-30s)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - photographs establish location and era, not materials, maintenance scope, or exposure. Photo identifiers are transcribed from NavSource captions; NARA catalog entries not independently fetched. 'No digitized logbooks' is a finding about NARA's online index only - original logs may exist undigitized.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-05
-
[7]USGS Open-File Report 02-149, Virta, 'Asbestos: Geology, Mineralogy, Mining, and Uses' (2002) - industrial-era timeline and product-application tables (full text retrieved and extracted 2026-10-04); NavSource propulsion spec (see ev-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USGS OFR 02-149 introduction/use-history text and fiber-grade application table; NavSource specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era documentation: USGS records that asbestos use 'on a true industrial scale began in Italy early in the nineteenth century with the development of asbestos textiles,' that 'from the beginning of the 20th century, the demand for asbestos fibers grew in a spectacular fashion for numerous applications, in particular for thermal insulation,' and lists 'insulation textiles, packings ... high pressure and marine insulation' among fiber-grade asbestos product applications. Against this hull: a British-built 1891 steam yacht with boilers and a quadruple-expansion engine sat at the very start of the asbestos-insulation era - asbestos lagging, gasket, and packing products were commercially available during her 1898-1940 service and any refits, but nothing documents what insulation was installed or retained aboard.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1891-1940
- Population
- Construction and refit trades (1891-1940, era-conditional); engine-room crew
- Limitations
- Era-level inference only, weaker than for WWII-era hulls: the documented demand surge for asbestos thermal insulation begins ~1900, so even era evidence only partially overlaps this hull's life (1891-1940). No class documentation exists - she was a unique converted yacht, no class manual or sister-ship material list. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product page verified live 2026-10-04 [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's asbestos-protection efforts at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering 'the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities,' and the Navy's 1975/1979 removal policies. This documents the Navy's mass-asbestos insulation era - a program period this hull did not reach: she was sold to a commercial salvor on 25 February 1940, before WWII-era construction and before the documented substitution era of the early 1970s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1979 report; WWII-1970s program era
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (WWII-1970s program scope) - not this hull's population
- Limitations
- Program-level background only; does not name this hull and does not bound what insulation any single vessel carried. Used here as an era boundary marker - the documented Navy asbestos program postdates this hull's service; it does not prove absence of asbestos aboard, only that the flagship documentation era does not cover her.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-07
-
[9]Batch-8661 search ledger (this record): DANFS live page; NavSource; NHHC campaign-medal list; Brooklyn Navy Yard official ship list; NARA photo identifiers and online logbook index; USGS OFR 02-149; GAO product page; CourtListener authenticated searches; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-py-2-py2-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS Hawk (PY-2/IX-14) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener exact-name opinion query returned zero hits; remaining base queries dispositioned in the search ledger. Secondary web sweeps surfaced one marketing listicle (freeasbestostesting.com) listing 'USS Hawk (IX-14)' as asbestos-bearing without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 2026-10-04
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's 1891-1940 life predates most digitized asbestos-era documentation. Deck logs, militia-era maintenance records, the 1898 conversion work file, and the 1940 salvage contract are undigitized or unlocated leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-py-2-py2-08