Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]DANFS, Ray (SS-271) - Manitowoc construction; eight war patrols incl. Mindoro landing and Kumano attack; Philadelphia NY radar-picket conversion; Charleston NY overhaul/inactivation (verbatim transcription; live NHHC page returned 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative and spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 20 July 1942; launched 28 February 1943 by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manitowoc, Wisc. (sponsor Mrs. S. C. Loomis); commissioned 27 July 1943, Lt. Comdr. B. J. Harral in command. Eight war patrols - north of Bismarck Archipelago (sank converted gunboat Nikkai Maru), Celebes-Ambon-Timor (sank Kyoko Maru and converted gunboat Okuyo Maru), South China-Java Seas (laid minefield off Saigon), Davao Gulf-Molucca Passage (sank transport Tempei Maru), South China Sea-Philippines (sank tanker Janbi Maru, Koshu Maru, Zuisho Maru, tanker Nansei Maru, Taketoyo Maru - wolfpack with Harder and Haddo), sixth patrol (landed men and supplies on Mindoro; picked up downed fliers and escaped POWs; sank Horai Maru No. 7 and Kagu Maru; grounded in shoal water shearing off her sound head while attacking cruiser Kumano), seventh patrol (rescued ten B-29 crewmen and ten PBM Mariner crewmen), and a final Gulf of Siam gunfire patrol (sank 16 small craft off Bang Saponnoi). Survived a flooded conning tower from an improperly secured hatch 14 October 1944. Major overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard from 16 December 1944. Postwar training at New London until decommissioned in reserve 12 February 1947; towed to Philadelphia Navy Yard December 1950 for radar picket conversion; redesignated SSR-271 (DANFS 3 January 1951); recommissioned 13 August 1952. Norfolk homeport; 6th Fleet picket deployments, NATO exercises incl. Strikeback, International Naval Review Hampton Roads June 1957; Charleston Navy Yard overhaul April-November 1955 and inactivation from 30 June 1958. Placed out of commission in reserve 30 September 1958; struck (DANFS 1 April 1960); hulk sold for scrap to Commercial Metals Co. (DANFS 18 December 1960). Seven battle stars and the Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Yard-period asbestos disturbance is era inference, not a per-hull record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-01
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[2]NavSource Online Submarine Photo Archive, header 'as built' spec block for this hull; corroborated by DANFS spec block (diesel-electric) and BuShips Ships' Data 1945 submarine machinery tables (via shipscribe.com, per Gato class profile) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page header spec block for this hull (https://www.navsource.net/archives/08/08271.htm)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Machinery fit for this hull per NavSource 'as built' spec block: diesel electric reduction gear with four General Motors main generator engines, 5,400HP, fuel capacity 116,000 gal., four General Electric main motors, 2,740HP, two 126-cell main storage batteries, twin screws. NO BOILERS and no steam plant - the asbestos-relevant machinery profile differs materially from steam classes (no boiler/furnace insulation, no steam-line lagging run-outs; exposure-relevant systems are diesel exhaust lagging, engine gaskets/packing, hull thermal/acoustic insulation, and auxiliary equipment). DANFS documents a major overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard from 16 December 1944, the 1950-52 radar picket conversion at Philadelphia Navy Yard, and a Charleston Navy Yard overhaul April-November 1955 plus inactivation there from 30 June 1958.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- The NavSource spec block is a class-standard spec sheet, not a per-hull machinery survey - actual installed equipment is presumed class-typical and unverified for this specific hull. No hull-specific machinery or material list was located. Establishes propulsion type only, not fiber content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-02
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[3]Gato class profile ev-gato-class-07 (era/design inference for diesel-electric fleet boats) built on navypedia member table and BuShips Ships' Data 1945; GAO HRD-80-2 for the Navy's era asbestos-use regime [other_primary]
- Locator
- class profile gato-class.class.json ev-07; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Class/era inference for diesel-electric fleet boats of this build period: era-standard applications likely included asbestos-containing diesel exhaust lagging, engine gaskets and packing, hull thermal and acoustic insulation, insulation around galley/refrigeration equipment, and electrical/battery materials.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- CLASS/ERA INFERENCE ONLY - no ship-specific material schedule, insulation survey, or asbestos product list was located for this hull. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity. Does not establish exposure or eligibility for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-03
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[4]CourtListener API v4 (opinions type=o, RECAP dockets type=r) exact-name and hull-number searches; site:courtlistener.com index sweep as throttling fallback [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows for this vessel
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Litigation sweep for this hull: CourtListener API queries were already throttled at the daily cap (HTTP 429, 125/day - quota exhausted by prior same-day batch work), so the sweep ran on the site:courtlistener.com index fallback for the exact ship name and hull number. The fallback sweep surfaced only general Navy asbestos litigation and unrelated name collisions - nothing naming this hull. Name-collision caveat: USS Ray SSN-653 (Sturgeon class) served 1967-1993; postwar references are presumptively the later boat. No qualifying asbestos litigation - and no litigation of any kind verified as naming this hull - was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- A negative result is bounded by the search mechanism: CourtListener coverage is not exhaustive for state-court pleadings, and the API throttle meant docket-text and opinion queries could not complete - the site:-index fallback is corroboration, not a substitute for docket search. Does not prove no litigation exists.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-04
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[5]Negative finding: no qualifying non-litigation ship-specific asbestos record located across DANFS/NHHC (via transcription mirrors and Internet Archive captures), NavSource, and ACM-survey/abatement/disposal sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows for this vessel
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No hull ACM survey, abatement contract, scrapping/disposal hazmat disclosure, or adjudicated exposure finding naming this vessel was located anywhere in the research sweep. The hull went through reserve-fleet/postwar custody and was sold for scrap; no hazmat or material-condition documentation of any kind was located for the conversion, reserve, or scrapping periods.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located record is not proof no record exists. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present aboard/within the hull, and does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-05
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[6]DANFS closing narrative + NavSource disposition line - postwar custody, reserve, and terminal disposition for this hull [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS/NavSource disposition data
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Postwar custody and terminal disposition for this hull: arrived New London 5 October 1945; training duty until placed out of commission in reserve 12 February 1947; towed to Philadelphia Navy Yard December 1950 for radar picket conversion (SSR-271); recommissioned 13 August 1952; Norfolk homeport with Mediterranean picket deployments and NATO exercises; Charleston Navy Yard overhaul 1955 and inactivation from 30 June 1958; placed out of commission in reserve 30 September 1958; struck 1 April 1960 (DANFS; NavSource records 1 August 1960); hulk sold for scrap to Commercial Metals Co. (DANFS 18 December 1960; NavSource records sale 5 November 1960, removed 18 December 1960). No hazmat or material-condition documentation located for the reserve, conversion, or scrapping periods.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Documents custody/loss/disposition only; no asbestos or material-condition content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-06
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[7]National Archives, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' - research guidance naming RG 19 submarine GIBs and RG 38 Insurv submarine material inspection reports [nps]
- Locator
- NARA guided topic page, RG 19 Entry P 13 Item S-68; RG 38 Entry P 1-F
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead for future ship-specific material research: NARA's guided topic page for asbestos aboard U.S. naval vessels through 1961 identifies the record groups that would hold hull-level material documentation - RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) Submarine General Information Books (Entry P 13, Item S-68, 1913-1961) and RG 38 Board of Inspection and Survey submarine material inspection reports, which document machinery/system condition at trials, post-conversion, and pre-decommissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Research guidance only - describes where hull-specific records would reside, not their content for this vessel. No GIB or Insurv report for this hull was retrieved; the series is incomplete and a missing GIB is expected for many hulls.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ray-ss271-07