Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 1096-packet.md (4 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-reindeer-yt115-pkt-1096-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Reindeer II' entry (HistoryCentral reproduction) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- HistoryCentral US Navy Tugs & Tenders, 'Reindeer II YT-115' entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Reindeer (YT-115), a coal-burning harbor tug developing 450 horsepower, was built in 1920 for the U.S. Shipping Board by Chance Marine Construction Co., Eastport, Md. Taken over from the Shipping Board 9 December 1929 at Norfolk, Va., and allocated to the 5th Naval District; provided harbor tug service in the port of Norfolk through her active naval career. Redesignated YTM-115, medium harbor tug, 15 May 1944. Placed out of service at Little Creek, Va., 9 June 1945; struck from the Navy list 25 July 1945; transferred to the Maritime Commission 17 January 1947 for disposal. Spec block: dp. 270; l. 94'6"; b. 24'9"; dr. 11'11"; s. 12 k.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1920-1947
- Population
- Harbor tug crew, 5th Naval District (small; complement not recorded)
- Limitations
- Verbatim DANFS reproduction on a non-government mirror with light OCR artifacts (e.g. 'Chanee Marine Construetion' for Chance Marine Construction); the canonical NHHC DANFS page for this entry could not be located live (standing NHHC link-rot defect). Establishes service history only - contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-01
-
[3]NavSource Online, Service Ship Photo Archive - Reindeer (YT-115 / YTM-115) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource District Harbor Tug index, page 14/08115
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Timeline concurs with DANFS: built 1920 as the tug Reindeer for the U.S. Shipping Board by Chance Marine Construction Co., Eastport, MD; launched (date unknown); acquired by the Navy 9 December 1929 from the USSB at Norfolk, VA; placed in service as Reindeer (YT-115) in 1929; redesignated District Harbor Tug, Medium, 15 May 1944; placed out of service 9 June 1945 at Little Creek, VA; struck from the Naval Register 25 July 1945; transferred to the Maritime Commission 17 January 1947 for disposal. Specifications: 270 t.; 94'6" length; 24'9" beam; 11'11" draft; 12 knots; coal-fired steam engine, 450 shp, single propeller; complement unknown; armament unknown; no photographs held in the archive.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1920-1947
- Population
- Harbor tug crew (complement unknown)
- Limitations
- Secondary archive consistent with DANFS; records 'final disposition, fate unknown' - post-1947 merchant trail documented by McKellar/shipscribe (broken up 1956) is a conflict carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-02
-
[4]Shipscribe.com, McKellar EFC Harbor Tugs and Steel Barges compilation - EFC hull 2662 / Design 1086 [other_primary]
- Locator
- EFC Design 1086 section, Chance Marine Construction Co. contract block, hull 2662 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Reindeer is EFC hull 2662 under Contract No. 470 of 26 August 1918 (Chance Marine Construction Co., Annapolis, MD - six hulls 2662-2667, of which 2665-2667 cancelled 15 September 1919), built to EFC Design 1086, a 100-foot wooden harbor tug of Murray Watts design: gross tonnage 177; dimensions 101.3 ft overall / 94.8 ft pp x 24 ft x 11.9 ft aft; propulsion one compound two-cylinder engine, one Scotch boiler (155 psi), 450 ihp, 10 knots. Reindeer: ordered 26 August 1918, completed 1920 as U.S. Official No. 219866; still USSB April 1924; to USN 1929 as Reindeer (YT-115); to YTM-115 1944; stricken 1945; merchant Reindeer 1947; broken up 1956.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1918-1956
- Population
- Construction trades (Annapolis/Eastport, 1918-1920)
- Limitations
- McKellar's compilation from Emergency Fleet Corporation/U.S. Shipping Board records - an authoritative reconstruction, not a scan of the original contract. Documents construction and disposition; contains no asbestos information. Wood-hull finding conflicts with a tugboatinformation.com registry summary listing 'STEEL' - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-03
-
[5]U.S. Navy Filing Manual (1941), YA-YY District Craft listing (HyperWar transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NFM 1941, section YA-YY District Craft, YT District Tugs, 'YT115 Reindeer'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The 1941 Navy Filing Manual lists 'YT115 Reindeer' among active District Tugs (not marked stricken), corroborating that the hull was in naval service during the early-war period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1941
- Limitations
- Roster listing only - transcription of an official Navy document; contains no service detail and no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-04
-
[6]29 CFR 1915.1001 - OSHA Asbestos standard for shipyard employment (e-CFR, current text) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 29 CFR 1915.1001, definitions (PACM, TSI)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Federal shipyard-employment asbestos regulation defines 'presumed asbestos containing material' (PACM) as thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings, vessels, and vessel sections constructed no later than 1980; thermal system insulation (TSI) means ACM applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain. A steam-powered vessel built in 1920 - as this hull was - falls inside the regulatory presumption window for asbestos-containing thermal system insulation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1994-present (rule); 1920-1945 (vessel era)
- Population
- Shipyard and vessel crews working on pre-1981 hulls (regulatory population)
- Limitations
- Regulatory presumption for worker-protection purposes, not a survey of this hull; the presumption is rebuttable under paragraph (k)(5). Does not prove asbestos was or was not aboard YT-115, does not quantify it, and does not establish any individual exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-05
-
[7]Shipscribe.com, McKellar EFC Design 1086 specification (wood harbor tug, coal-fired steam plant) [other_primary]
- Locator
- EFC Design 1086 specification block (gross tonnage, dimensions, propulsion)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- EFC Design 1086 specified a coal-fired Scotch boiler (155 psi) feeding a compound two-cylinder steam engine of 450 ihp - a conventional WWI-era steam plant of the type whose boiler lagging, steam-line insulation, flange/valve gaskets, and machinery packing were era-standard asbestos applications. Wooden hull construction means no structural/hull-insulation asbestos pathway typical of steel combatants; the exposure pathway aboard this type is concentrated in the machinery space.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1920-1956
- Population
- Engine-room crew (coal passer, engineer, water tender ratings); shipyard construction and repair trades
- Limitations
- Design- and era-level inference: the EFC design summary does not itself specify insulation composition, and no insulation spec sheet for Design 1086 was located. Asbestos presence aboard this specific hull is era-consistent inference, not ship-proven; no survey, abatement record, or litigation record exists.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-06
-
[8]GAO HRD-80-2, 'Navy's handling of asbestos exposure' - product page (1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at the Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs - documenting that the Navy's asbestos-insulation era encompassed the port (Norfolk/Portsmouth) where this tug spent her entire 1929-1945 naval career.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1975-1979 (review); Navy asbestos era generally
- Population
- Naval shipyard workers (program-level)
- Limitations
- Program-level review post-dating this vessel's service (fieldwork on the 1970s fleet); does not name this hull or any yard craft and establishes no exposure aboard. gao.gov full text returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches (standing access defect) - product-page description verified live; PDF pull remains the open lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-07
-
[9]National Archives, 'An Introduction to Navy Deck Logs' (records-retention policy for yard craft) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/naval-deck-logs, 'in service' vessel paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA states that service vessels 'in service' rather than 'in commission' - explicitly including harbor tugs - do not possess their own administrative identity and that their logs are not retained as permanent records. This explains the absence of YT-115 deck logs and shifts the archival lead to parent-command records (Fifth Naval District / Naval District craft records, NARA RG 181).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1929-1945 (service period)
- Limitations
- General records policy, not a catalog entry for this hull; whether any YT-115-specific logs survive under the WWII-era partial exception or in district records is unresolved. Limits primary-source verification of daily operations.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-08
-
[10]Batch-9295 search ledger (this record): DANFS (HistoryCentral reproduction), NavSource 14/08115, Shipscribe McKellar EFC compilation, shipbuildinghistory.com yard-tug and merchant-tug tables, HyperWar Navy Filing Manual 1941, NARA deck-log policy, OSHA 29 CFR 1915.1001, GAO HRD-80-2, MARAD Vessel History Database, CourtListener API v4 (authenticated) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-reindeer-yt115-01 through -17
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or museum record naming YT-115/YTM-115 exists - the vessel was scrapped in 1956, before the asbestos-abatement documentation era. CourtListener: 'YT-115' opinion = 0 hits; 'YT-115' docket = 1 name collision (League of Women v. Secretary of State, S.D. Fla. 2006 - 'YT-115' is a non-vessel reference); 'Reindeer' opinion = 449 hits and 'Reindeer' docket = 609 hits, all reviewed hits name collisions (reindeer-meat and reindeer-named companies, personal names, the animal, and admiralty cases of earlier vessel namesakes); 'Reindeer' asbestos opinion variant = 3 hits, all collisions; 'Reindeer' asbestos docket variant = blocked by fleet pacing (logged, not a negative result). Nothing names this vessel in any qualifying litigation. See search_ledger.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1920 steam tug's insulation would era-typically have contained asbestos, and this record is inference, not ship-proof. The asbestos-qualified docket variant could not be executed (fleet pacing budget exhausted); it is a subset of the classified 609-hit docket base. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-reindeer-yt115-09