Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Rutland (APA-192)', Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Naval History Division; HyperWar/ibiblio transcription [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, full text (specs block + service narrative)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Rutland (APA-192), MCV hull 660, VC2-S-AP5: laid down 1944-05-04 by Kaiser Shipbuilding Corp., Vancouver, Wash.; launched 1944-08-10 (sponsor Mrs. Karl V. Kilgore); acquired on loan-charter basis from the Maritime Commission and commissioned 1944-09-29, Comdr. Francis K. O'Brien in command. Shakedown off the Pacific coast; Oakland to Pearl Harbor (departed 1944-11-30, arrived 12-06); flagship of Transport Division 47, loaded 5th Marine Division at Hilo. Departed Pearl 1945-01-27 via Eniwetok to Saipan/Tinian; sailed for Iwo Jima 1945-02-16. D-day 1945-02-19: landing craft on Red Beaches 1 and 2, beach party in charge of Red Beach 2; eight days unloading troops/cargo and handling casualties - 11 boats lost, no man killed. Saipan/Guam/Tulagi staging, then loaded 27th Division elements at Espiritu Santo as floating reserve for Okinawa: Kerama Kaikyo 1945-04-09; landed Highlands (APA-119) troops on Tsugen Jima 04-10 under mortar/rifle fire; Hagushi unloading through 04-16; assisted in downing four enemy planes. Overhaul/reconditioning at Ulithi and Subic Bay; invasion-training exercises at Leyte and Ilaiho 1945-06-26 to 08-22. Tokyo Bay 1945-09-02, 1st Cavalry Division to Yokohama; 41st Infantry Division from Zamboanga to Hiro Wan (arrived 10-06); ~1,900 Navy passengers Okinawa to Seattle (arrived 11-01); second Magic Carpet run; assigned Atlantic Reserve Fleet 1945-12-29. Navy-owned 1946-01-14; out of commission in reserve 1947-02-26, Norfolk; struck from Navy list and transferred to Maritime Commission 1958-10-01. Two battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1958
- Population
- Ship's company (692) and embarked troops (~1,475-1,562 capacity); casualty evacuees aboard 1945-02
- Limitations
- Authoritative for identity, construction, operational history, and disposition dates. Live NHHC DANFS page 404s (standing NHHC link rot; research/histories/... and content/history/... patterns both tried) - transcription mirror cited. DANFS names commissioning CO as Comdr. Francis K. O'Brien; NavSource lists CDR Warren A. Woodman USNR - discrepancy flagged in gaps, DANFS adopted. Contains no asbestos or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-01
-
[2]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - RUTLAND (APA-192/LPA-192), Ship History Detail 4248, incl. digitized status cards (Vessel Status Card MC-7146a; Reserve Fleet Ship Particulars; Record of Ship Sales form MA-20) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 4248, milestone table + status card scans 4248_AF.jpg (MA-20 sale card), 4248_7829AF.jpg (fleet particulars), f3a7b9fa-3023-4c86-bebe-a89ac693c9aa.png (MC-7146a status card)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record (Detail 4248) and three digitized status cards document the full custody chain for RUTLAND (APA-192/LPA-192), MCV hull 660, VC2-S-AP5, built Kaiser Co., Inc. at Vancouver, Wash., completed 1944-09-29 (card, 'Completed 9-29-44'): Vessel Status Card (Form MC-7146a) shows U.S. Navy flag service, DWT 5,914 / gross 7,750 / speed 17; Reserve Fleet (Permanent Transfer) at James River 1959-03-31 2:00 PM EST; sold to Union Minerals & Alloys Corp. (Scrapped) - purchased at James River 1982-08-24 10:30 AM EDT. Reserve Fleet Ship Particulars card shows entry March 31, 1959 1400 hrs EST, category Mil. Transport Attack, 'Reimbursable - Group 40 Transports' with Navy cost-sharing terms ($118/ship/month until FY1960; FY1959 preservation costs not exceeding $16,000/ship; Navy ltr 6-13-58, MarAd reply 6-20-58), and withdrawal 8-24-82 1030 EDT 'Withdrawn & delivered to Union Minerals & Alloys Corporation pursuant to Trade-In Exchange Contract No. MA-10875, dated 6-8-82. Ship to be scrapped. EXCHANGE CONTRACT FOR EXXON FLORENCE, EXXON TRANSPORTATION COMPANY.' Form MA-20 Record of Ship Sales records contract no. MA-10876, purchaser Union Minerals & Alloys Corp. (380 Madison Ave., NY, NY 10017), date 6-8-82, purchase price $25,000.00, location James River Reserve Fleet, remark 'Ship delivered August 24, 1982.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1982
- Population
- NDRF caretaker crews (James River, 1959-1982); disposal/scrapping workers (1982)
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody and disposal chain; cards read directly from scans. Two contract numbers appear on official cards: sale card MA-10876 vs trade-in exchange contract MA-10875 (Exxon Florence / Exxon Transportation Co.) - both transcribed as written; NavSource cites only MA-10875 (see gaps). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-02
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Rutland (LPA-192) ex APA-192 page + NHHC Online Library of Selected Images, USS Rutland (APA-192) 1944-1982 [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.org 10/03/03192 specifications/campaign/disposition blocks; ibiblio usnsh-r/apa192 photo page narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource APA/LPA-192 page and the Naval Historical Center Online Library photo page corroborate the DANFS record: built under Maritime Commission contract MCV 660 at Kaiser Shipbuilding Corp., Vancouver, WA; campaign table lists Iwo Jima operation 19-27 Feb 1945 and Okinawa Gunto operation 9-15 Apr 1945 (Asiatic-Pacific Campaign, TransRon 16 / TransDiv 47); Navy Occupation service 1945-09-02 to 10-16 and 1946-06-15 to 06-25; decommissioned Norfolk 1947-02-26; struck from Naval Register 1958-10-01; laid up NDRF James River (Lee Hall), VA; permanent title transfer to MARAD 1959-03-31; administratively redesignated LPA-192 on 1969-01-01; final disposition sold for scrapping to Union Minerals & Alloys Corp., withdrawn 1982-08-24. NHHC Online Library (usnsh-r/apa192) independently confirms 'sold for scrapping in June 1982' and holds two official photos (NH 98745, San Francisco Bay late 1945/early 1946 Magic Carpet; NH 98947, lowering LCM off Iwo Jima 1945-02-19).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1982
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troop complement
- Limitations
- NavSource is unofficial but standard Navy-vessel compilation consistent with DANFS/MARAD; its claim that CDR Warren A. Woodman USNR was the commissioning CO conflicts with DANFS (Comdr. Francis K. O'Brien) - discrepancy flagged, not merged. NavSource direct fetch failed twice during session; content taken via search-index capture. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-03
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels Vol. III (1945, NAVSHIPS 250-012), shipscribe.com scan (Google digitization) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB 1945 v3 APA characteristics tables, list no. 213 RUTLAND/APA-192 - dimensions/complement table p. 271, machinery table p. 272, armament/cargo table p. 274, builder/dates table p. 275 (scan pp. 289-294)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Bureau of Ships 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels,' 1945 ed., Vol. III (NAVSHIPS 250-012) carries named RUTLAND (APA-192) rows in the APA characteristics tables (scan pp. 270-275): list no. 213, 'RUTLAND (er-M.C.V. Hull 660) APA192'; 12,450 tons, limiting draft 24 ft 0 in; ship's company 99 officers / 593 enlisted (vs class-typical 56/480, consistent with flagship assignment); troop capacity 87 officers / 1,475 enlisted; 35 boats; machinery '2 A-C turb.' (2 Allis-Chalmers turbines), 8,500 shp, '2 C.E. hdr.' (2 Combustion Engineering header-type boilers) at 465 psi / 750 deg F - the Kaiser-Vancouver machinery variation, shared with Kaiser-built sisters Sanborn and Sandoval; armament 1x 5"/38 DP, 4 twin + 1 quad 40-mm; cargo 5,800 t / deadweight 2,900 t; built Kaiser S.B. Co., Vancouver, Wash., acquired and first commissioned 1944-09-29.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Official wartime BuShips publication naming this hull; OCR of scanned tables is degraded but rows are legible and internally consistent (sister-ship rows Sanborn/Sandoval read identically for machinery). No asbestos or insulation-material statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-04
-
[5]Consolidated era inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + DANFS repair/lay-up history + MARAD custody record [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull machinery row (ev-04); repair/custody chronology (ev-01, ev-02)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: the VC2-S-AP5 attack transport is a geared-steam ship built 1944 at Kaiser Vancouver - this hull's documented plant is 2 Allis-Chalmers turbines, 8,500 shp, fed by 2 Combustion Engineering header-type boilers at 465 psi / 750 deg F superheated - a Kaiser-system yard at the peak of wartime asbestos application. Typical applications for the type: boiler and fireroom insulation; steam-line and turbine lagging; valve/flange gaskets; machinery packing; accommodation and joiner insulation for troop berthing; winch/windlass brake linings. The hull's documented disturbance events are the pathways where such materials would have been handled: the 1945 post-Okinawa overhaul and reconditioning at Ulithi and Subic Bay, eleven years of Navy reserve lay-up at Norfolk (1947-1958), 23 years of NDRF lay-up at James River (1959-1982), and the 1982 disposal scrapping.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1982
- Population
- Construction trades (Kaiser Shipbuilding, Vancouver, 1944); ship's company/embarked troops (1944-47); Ulithi/Subic Bay repair workers (1945); NDRF caretaker crews (1959-82); disposal-phase scrapping workers (1982)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no ship-level asbestos record exists for this hull. Establishes no quantities, no locations, no condition, and no exposure for any individual aboard. Repair, lay-up, and disposal events are documented as events; their materials scope is not documented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-05
-
[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency-construction program under which this VC2-S-AP5 attack transport was built - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type and auxiliary hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-06
-
[7]DOT Office of Inspector General, 'Report on the Program for Scrapping Obsolete Vessels, Maritime Administration,' MA-2000-067 (2000-03-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- MA-2000-067, summary p. ii and 'Obsolete Vessels Pose Environmental Risks' section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- DOT Office of Inspector General audit of MARAD's obsolete-vessel scrapping program documents that the deteriorating National Defense Reserve Fleet vessels awaiting disposal 'contain hazardous substances such as asbestos and solid and liquid polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),' and that inspection of 'worst condition' vessels found 'asbestos hanging from pipes below deck,' lead-based paint, and PCBs - the fleet environment (James River Reserve Fleet) in which this hull lay for 23 years (1959-1982).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- audit published 2000; fleet conditions described 1990s
- Population
- NDRF maintenance and disposal workers (fleet-level)
- Limitations
- Fleet-level audit documentation of asbestos in obsolete NDRF vessels generally; the report postdates this hull's 1982 withdrawal by 18 years and does not name her. Establishes that the reserve-fleet environment and disposal pathway handled asbestos-containing ships; establishes nothing about materials aboard this specific hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-07
-
[8]NARA Guide to Federal Records / logbook guidance: RG 24 Entry 118 deck logs; RG 19 BuShips; RG 178 USMC construction records [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA deck-log guidance page; RG 19/178 record-group guides
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118 (NAID 581208) holds WWII deck logs - APA-192 logs 1944-47 would record daily operations, underway repairs, and materiel casualties; NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) holds construction and repair records that may include the 1945 Ulithi/Subic Bay reconditioning work package; NARA RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) holds contract/construction records for MCV hull 660 at Kaiser Shipbuilding, Vancouver.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1982 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for MCV 660 / APA-192 is unknown until surveyed in person. WWII deck-log digitization is partial (NAID 581208). Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-08
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 search (authenticated via cl-auth-search.py), opinion and RECAP docket indexes - this record's search ledger [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-rutland-apa192-06 through sl-uss-rutland-apa192-10
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener authenticated searches returned no qualifying result: opinion search '"USS Rutland"' returned zero; docket-index search '"USS Rutland"' (type=r) returned zero; '"LPA-192"' returned zero; '"APA-192"' returned 3 hits, all name collisions on Administrative Procedure Act pin-cites (Comite de Apoyo a los Trabajadores Agricolas v. Perez, 3d Cir. 2014; Oregon Natural Resources Council Fund v. Forsgren, D. Or. 2003; Texas Dept. of Protective & Regulatory Services v. Mega Child Care, Tex. 2004) - none names the vessel; broad '"Rutland" asbestos ship' opinion sweep returned 17 hits, all name collisions - top-ranked hit verified by full-text pull (Kivell v. Murphy Oil, Del. Super. 2017, matches 'Matthews McCraken Rutland' subcontractor name; other hits are Vermont place-name and generic asbestos-docket matches, none naming the vessel). A prior class-wide sweep found no asbestos docket naming any Haskell-class member.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- RECAP-indexed text only; county-name hulls under-cover filings that omit hull numbers, and asbestos litigation often names shipbuilders/operators rather than hulls. Absence of a docketed case does not establish absence of exposure; no exposure finding made.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-09
-
[10]Batch-2262 search ledger (this record): DANFS/HyperWar; NHHC Online Library usnsh-r/apa192; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 4248 + 3 status-card scans; NavSource 10/03/03192; BuShips SDB 1945 v3 (shipscribe scan); DOT OIG MA-2000-067; CourtListener name/hull/docket searches; NARA path mapping [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-rutland-apa192-01 through sl-uss-rutland-apa192-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, shipyard work package, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Rutland (APA-192) was found in the public sources searched - DANFS, NHHC Online Library, MARAD ShipHistory + status cards, NavSource, BuShips SDB 1945 v3, and CourtListener (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 geared-steam hull retained in NDRF custody 23 years is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the 1945 reconditioning plus final scrapping are undocumented disturbance points. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-rutland-apa192-10