Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]Wikipedia, "USS Sanderling (AMCU-49)" (article states it incorporates public-domain text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, NHHC); canonical primary source: Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS, "Sanderling III (YMS-446)", https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/sanderling-iii.html [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wikipedia article body text (construction, WWII/postwar service, redesignation, and disposition sections)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ordered as PCS-1393; laid down 22 May 1943 by Robert Jacob, Inc., City Island, N.Y.; reclassified YMS-446 before completion; launched 26 February 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Joseph K. Harvey; commissioned 9 June 1944. Assigned 3rd Naval District, operated from Staten Island, N.Y. until 23 July 1945. Deployed to Japan; arrived Fukuoka 2 November 1945 and cleared shipping lanes to that northern Kyushu port for the remainder of 1945. Returned via the Marianas, Marshalls, and Hawaii to San Pedro, Calif. (14 April) and Charleston, S.C. (May); during this period named Sanderling and reclassified AMS-35 (exact date disputed across renderings - see gaps). From May 1948, operated the East and Gulf coasts (Newfoundland to the Mississippi) and the Caribbean, based at Norfolk then Charleston, running type/fleet exercises and supporting the Operational Development Force for about nine years. Redesignated AMCU-49 effective 1 February 1955, and to the MHC series effective 7 February 1955 (digit disputed - see ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-04). Arrived Green Cove Springs, Fla., mid-September 1957 and joined the Reserve Fleet; decommissioned there 14 November 1957. Remained berthed at Green Cove Springs until struck from the Navy list 1 November 1959.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1943-1959
- Limitations
- The live NHHC DANFS page for this entry returned HTTP 503 on every attempt during this research session (2026-09-24) and could not be read directly; Internet Archive Wayback Machine access is unavailable in this environment. This row's narrative is drawn from Wikipedia's article, which states it incorporates public-domain DANFS text under NHHC attribution, cross-checked against an independent AI-assisted rendering of the same DANFS page obtained via web search (the two agree on all facts stated here). Treat as provisionally reliable pending direct DANFS confirmation - not a Wayback-verified primary capture like prior batches achieved for other hulls. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-01
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[2]Wikipedia, "YMS-1-class minesweeper" (general class reference page) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class specifications and hull-classification-history sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class-general specifications for the YMS-1-class auxiliary motor minesweeper (wood-hulled): displacement 270 tons; length 136 ft; beam 24 ft 6 in; draft 8 ft; speed 15 knots; propulsion two General Motors (Cleveland) 8-268A 2-cycle diesel engines, 440 bhp each, two shafts; armament one 3"/50 gun mount, two 20mm AA guns, two depth-charge projectors; complement 32. Hull classification changes across the class's service life: YMS to AMS, to AMCU, to MHC.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1941-1970s (class service span)
- Limitations
- Class-general page, not a hull-specific record - does not name this vessel. Several figures here conflict with hull-specific renderings of this ship (270 vs 320 tons displacement; 32 vs 38 complement; 440 bhp vs an 800 bhp figure seen in a separate hull-specific rendering) - unreconciled, both framings carried, see gaps. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim on its own.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-02
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[3]Wikipedia, "USS Sanderling (AM-37)" (Lapwing-class minesweeper, ex-Minesweeper No. 37) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wikipedia article body text (construction, service, and loss sections)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- USS Sanderling (AM-37) is a different, unrelated ship sharing only the name: Lapwing-class minesweeper built by Todd Shipbuilding Co., New York; laid down 27 May 1918; commissioned 4 December 1918; decommissioned 2 May 1922; accidentally sank while in reserve at Pearl Harbor on 26 June 1937, and was struck the same day - nearly seven years before this record's hull (AMCU-49, ex-PCS-1393/YMS-446) was laid down (22 May 1943).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1918-1937
- Limitations
- Confirms AM-37 is not a duplicate or prior identity of this record, per the batch task's own PRIMARY-check note; addressed here explicitly to close the disambiguation. Contains no asbestos information and makes no claim about this record's hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-03
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[4]Cross-source reconciliation (this record): Wikipedia "USS Sanderling (AMCU-49)" infobox vs. body text; Wikipedia "USS Waxbill (MHC-50)" as a numeric-sequence check; a 1997-commissioned USS Falcon carrying hull number MHC-59 (Osprey-class minehunter) as an independent check against the alternative reading [other_primary]
- Locator
- See citation_value for the three cross-checked pages
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- This record's 7 February 1955 MHC redesignation is carried as MHC-49, not MHC-59, despite a conflicting "MHC-59" figure appearing in one rendering of the Wikipedia infobox and in one AI web-search summary. Basis: (a) the DANFS-derived body-text narrative (as independently rendered by two tools) states MHC-49, matching the AMCU-49 hull number it replaced; (b) the same 7 February 1955 fleet-wide AMCU-to-MHC renumbering produced USS Waxbill, AMCU-50 to MHC-50 - a numerically consistent adjacent case; (c) MHC-59 is independently confirmed to belong to a real, different, much later hull - USS Falcon, an Osprey-class minehunter laid down 1 July 1993 and commissioned 8 February 1997 - making its reuse for a 1955 YMS-1-class redesignation implausible.
- Verification
- disputed
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1955 (redesignation); 1993-1997 (Falcon, cited only as a disambiguation check)
- Limitations
- This is a reasoned reconciliation of conflicting secondary renderings, not a primary-source confirmation - the canonical NHHC DANFS page was unreachable (HTTP 503) throughout this session. Flagged for direct DANFS verification before any downstream use of the MHC-49 designation. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-04
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[5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, "Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding," American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and wartime program under which this YMS-1-class minesweeper was built - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization across the shipbuilding industry, including small-craft and auxiliary construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, its class, or its builder (Robert Jacob, Inc.), and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-05
-
[6]Liukonen, Larry R., and Francis W. Weir, "Asbestos exposure from gaskets during disassembly of a medium duty diesel engine," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 41(2):113-121 (2005), PMID 15698534 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Article body and results table, Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 41(2):113-121
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed engineering/occupational-health study found that 27 of 33 sampled gaskets from a mid-20th-century-type medium-duty diesel engine contained chrysotile asbestos, at concentrations ranging 5-70%, documenting that diesel-engine gaskets of this general type commonly contained asbestos and that disassembly/maintenance work is the exposure pathway of concern.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- Engine type era mid-20th century; study published 2005
- Population
- Diesel-engine maintenance personnel (generic technical context, not Navy- or hull-specific)
- Limitations
- Generic technical/engineering documentation of diesel-engine gasket composition; not military- or era-specific, does not name this vessel, its GM 8-268A engine model, or its builder, and does not establish that any specific gasket aboard this hull contained asbestos, nor quantity, condition, or individual exposure. The study also found that, using shop-standard procedures, journeyman-mechanic exposure during disassembly was low relative to the OSHA PEL - a finding this row does not extend to any specific individual's historical work conditions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-06
-
[7]Batch-1674 litigation search (this record): CourtListener API v4 - opinion search by case_name="Sanderling" (6 results); opinion full-text search for exact phrases "YMS-446" and "AMCU-49" (0 results each); RECAP docket search by case_name="Sanderling" (19 results); RECAP docket keyword sweep "YMS-446" OR "AMCU-49" OR "AMS-35" minesweeper against asbestos-related dockets (73 full-text hits reviewed, 0 mentioning "Sanderling") [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-sanderling-amcu49-05 through sl-uss-sanderling-amcu49-08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying litigation record located under any name or hull number for this vessel. All CourtListener "Sanderling" opinion hits are name collisions: Sanderling Management Ltd. v. Snap Inc. (patent, Fed. Cir./multiple district courts); Sanderling, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (tax, 3d Cir. and Tax Court); Sanderling v. Donohoe Co. (Virginia indemnity dispute, 1998); Springfield Health Services, LLC v. Sanderling Renal Services-USA, LLC (arbitration/contract, Tenn. 2026). All 19 RECAP docket "Sanderling" hits are likewise name collisions: Sanderling Renal Services-USA, LLC (multiple dialysis-company dockets - Silva v., Hunt v.); Sanderling Management Ltd. v. Snap Inc. (patent, multiple dockets); Sanderling Healthcare, LLC v./v. Halevi Enterprises (contract); Sanderling v. Briggs (Section 1983 civil rights); Michael Alan Sanderling / Michael A. Sanderling bankruptcy filings; Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. Sanderling, Inc. (bankruptcy); HOLLAND v. SANDERLING, INC. / SANDERLING INCORPORATED (ERISA); United States v. 8997 Sanderling Way (forfeiture, a street address). Exact-phrase full-text opinion searches for "YMS-446" and "AMCU-49" each returned zero results. A keyword sweep of RECAP full text against known asbestos-related dockets (MDL-875 In re: Asbestos Products Liability Litigation (No. VI); George v. A.W. Chesterton Co.; Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton Co.; Sclafani and Wineland v. Air and Liquid Systems Corp.; and others) matched only on generic terms (e.g., "minesweeper") and named other ships/defendants - none of the reviewed dockets contain the literal string "Sanderling."
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Absence of a located litigation record does not prove absence of exposure or of a filed claim outside the indexes searched - CourtListener's RECAP coverage of state-court and settled/sealed federal asbestos litigation is incomplete, and this hull's YMS-1-class peers are not systematically indexed by hull number in most dockets. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-07
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[8]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships) and RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/019.html ; https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room access or a reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Sanderling / YMS-446 / AMS-35 / AMCU-49, 1944-1957 (RG 24, NARA College Park); Bureau of Ships construction, repair, and Reserve Fleet (Green Cove Springs) records for this hull, including any material or condition surveys from the 1955 AMCU/MHC conversion or the 1957 reserve-fleet induction (RG 19).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1943-1959 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-sanderling-amcu49-08