Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 880-packet.md (6 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-tipton-pc1231-pkt-880-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, Tipton (PC 1231) ex-PCC-1231 ex-PC-1231 (12/011231.htm) - milestone timeline, Pacific service narrative, specifications, crew-collection photography; explicitly notes 'There is no DANFS History currently available for Tipton (PC 1231)' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/011231.htm header block, service narrative, specifications block, photo captions, CO list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: 'The second Tipton was laid down 1 September 1942 by the Sullivan Dry Dock and Repair Co., Brooklyn, NY. Launched 12 December 1942. Commissioned USS PC-1231, 13 July 1943. Reclassified as a Control Submarine Chaser, PCC-1231 20 August 1945.' Pacific narrative: at Maui, Hawaii, July 1945 practicing for the invasion of Japan; escorted the occupation fleet to Sasebo, Japan; escorted an ocean-going barge to Nagasaki; assigned to mine-sweeping operations in the Bonin Islands, destroying cut-loose mines with rifle and 20mm fire; ordered to Chichi Jima as communication center for Marines overseeing evacuation of Japanese soldiers and investigation of war crimes against American airmen; then Pearl Harbor and eventually Portland, Oregon. Decommissioned 28 June 1946, laid up Pacific Reserve Fleet, Columbia River Group, Astoria, OR. 'Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 lists plan for decommissioning and placing in reserve as January 1947.' Named Tipton 15 February 1956. 'Fate unknown.' Specifications: 280 t. (lt) / 450 t. (fl); length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 10'10"; speed 20 kts; complement 65; one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one 40mm, three 20mm, two Mousetrap rocket launchers, four depth charge projectors, two depth charge tracks; two 1,440 bhp Fairbanks Morse 38D8-1/8 diesels, Westinghouse single reduction gear, two shafts. Call sign November-Charlie-Kilo-Alpha. CO listed: LTJG G. A. Maxted, USNR (1945). Photographs from the collection of Fred Andreatta, Communications Officer, PC-1231 (drydock, officers, crew, Nagasaki barge escort, Bonin Islands mine-firing, typhoon, Chichi Jima, refueling PC-1206).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1956
- Population
- Sullivan yard construction trades (1942-43); USN crew 1943-46 (design complement 65)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestones corroborated by the builder production list (ev-03) and uboat.net (ev-04). The Pacific narrative derives from a crewmember's collection (Andreatta) as transcribed by NavSource - first-person material at one remove. Contains no asbestos content. 'Fate unknown' means no strike date or disposal record was located anywhere in the sources searched (see gaps). The NVR-1949 note ('plan for decommissioning ... as January 1947') postdates the actual June 1946 decommissioning - carried verbatim, unexplained (likely a residual register line; noted, not resolved).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-01
-
[3]'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - Subchasers (PC)' (official wartime compilation, verbatim HyperWar/ibiblio reproduction) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-sc.html PC-461-class table, row 'PC-1231-1233'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official US Navy vessel list records this hull in the PC-461-class table as the grouped row 'PC-1231-1233 | [no names] | 1942-44' - confirming construction-era US service and no wartime loss or Lend-Lease transfer (unlike neighboring rows: PC-1234 to Uruguay, PC-1235 to France).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- USN crew 1943-46
- Limitations
- Compilation-level record; establishes hull existence and service-era span only - no construction detail, no asbestos content. The grouped row '1942-44' spans build and WWII service, not the 1946 decommissioning.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-02
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[4]Shipbuilding History, 'Sullivan Dry Dock, Brooklyn NY' - yard history and WWII production list (Tim Colton compilation); same table mirrored at navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/emergencysmall/sullivan.html [other_primary]
- Locator
- Sullivan yard page, yard-history paragraph + production table row 'PC-1231'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder documentation for this hull: Fred Sullivan leased the repair yard at the head of Brooklyn's Tebo Yacht Basin (foot of 22nd, 23rd and 24th Streets) from Todd Shipyards in 1937, renamed it Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Co., converted it to new construction, and it closed in 1947. The production list records this hull as 'PC-1231 | US Navy | subchaser | 280 | 174 | 13 Jul 1943 | later Tipton 1956' - corroborating builder, delivery/commission date, and the 1956 naming. Sister hulls on the same list: PC-1232, PC-1233, PC-1234, PC-1235 (all Sullivan-built).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1937-1947 (yard operation); 1942-43 (this hull's build)
- Population
- Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Co. construction trades, 1942-43
- Limitations
- Secondary yard-history compilation - corroborates builder identity, delivery date, and naming; contains no asbestos, materials, or workforce-hygiene content. The yard is absent from the Atlas shipyards.json dataset (carried in gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-03
-
[5]uboat.net Allied Warships, 'USS PC-1231 (PC-1231) - Patrol craft of the PC-461 class' - build data, commanding-officer record, Barbel escort event [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship page 8758 - fact table, 'Commands listed' block (6 COs), 'Notable events' (4 Jun 1944 Barbel escort)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's warship record for this hull: built by Sullivan Dry Dock and Repair Co. (Brooklyn, NY); ordered 16 June 1942; laid down 1 September 1942; launched 12 December 1942; commissioned 13 July 1943. Wartime commanding officers: Clinton W. Schelling, USNR (13 Jul 1943 - mid/late 1943); Lt. King Upton, USNR (mid/late 1943 - late 1943); Lt. Winfield N. Burdick, Jr., USNR (late 1943 - mid/late 1944); Saul Katz, USNR (mid/late 1944 - early 1945); George A. Maxted, USNR (early 1945 - mid 1945); Hal B. Watterson, USNR (mid 1945 - early 1946). Notable event: 4 June 1944 - USS Barbel (SS-316, Cdr. R. A. Keating, Jr.) arrived at Colon, Panama Canal Zone, from Key West, Florida, 'escorted in by USS PC 1231 (Lt. W.N. Burdick, Jr., USNR).'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Six wartime commanding officers (Schelling, Upton, Burdick, Katz, Maxted, Watterson); USN crew 1943-46
- Limitations
- Secondary warship database; milestone dates corroborate NavSource. 'Ordered 16 June 1942' is uncorroborated by a primary source - logged in gaps, not asserted elsewhere. The CO list covers the WWII period only and is a work-in-progress per the site. The Barbel escort is documented from Barbel's patrol record as transcribed by uboat.net. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-04
-
[6]PC-461-class submarine chaser (class article) - 20 August 1945 mass reclassification of 32 hulls to amphibious control craft (PCC), including PC-1231 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PC-461-class article, 'Conversions' section, 20 Aug 1945 PCC list (includes PC-1231)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class context for this hull's PCC reclassification: 32 PC-461-class ships were formally reclassified as amphibious control craft on 20 August 1945, days after the surrender announcement; PC-1231 appears on the documented list and thereafter used the hull symbol PCC-1231. The class itself: 341 steel-hulled submarine chasers constructed 1941-44 for the USN, based on experimental chasers PC-451/PC-452.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- USN crew 1945-46
- Limitations
- Class-level secondary corroboration of the ship-specific reclassification already documented by NavSource (ev-01). Establishes the reclassification was a fleet program, not a hull-unique event. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-05
-
[7]Fishgold v. Sullivan Drydock & Repair Corp., 328 U.S. 275 (1946) (official U.S. Reports PDF via govinfo.gov); Oceanic Insul-Lite Corp. v. Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Corp., 191 Misc. 354 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1947) (reporter citation only - located mirror is a blocklisted aggregator) [court_record]
- Locator
- 328 U.S. 275 (facts section - petitioner's employment history); 191 Misc. 354 (pleadings recital)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Builder-yard litigation context - NEITHER case is asbestos litigation; both classify as 'other litigation': (a) Fishgold v. Sullivan Drydock & Repair Corp., 328 U.S. 275 (1946), the Supreme Court's veteran-reemployment seniority decision, places a welder employed at this yard from 1942, inducted into the Army 1943, and reemployed as a welder 25 August 1944 - documenting welding trades at this builder across this hull's construction window (September 1942 - July 1943). (b) Oceanic Insul-Lite Corp. v. Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Corp., 191 Misc. 354 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1947), a contract dispute over $5,818.75 claimed due for 'work, labor and services performed, and materials furnished for the repair and conversion of a certain steamship' - documents an insulation contractor performing ship work for this yard in the era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Sullivan Dry Dock & Repair Co. trades, 1942-47 (welders, insulation subcontractor)
- Limitations
- Yard-level context only: neither case mentions asbestos, and neither vessel in the Oceanic dispute is identified. An insulation contractor's presence evidences insulation trades at the yard, not asbestos content aboard this hull. Fishgold is an official U.S. Reports citation (PDF verified live 2026-10-03); Oceanic is cited by reporter only - the located online mirror (hallapproved.com) is a blocklisted aggregator per batch citation rules. No exposure finding of any kind.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (twin Fairbanks Morse 38D8-1/8 diesels, two shafts - no steam plant); HyperWar PC-461 class spec block (284 t, 173'8", diesel, 2 screws); NavSource submarine-chaser index (341 WWII-built 173-foot steel diesel patrol craft); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (PC-1231 page); NavSource submarine-chaser index (12/01idx.htm); HyperWar ships-sc.html class spec; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled twin-diesel patrol craft built 1942-43 at a Brooklyn commercial yard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and interior thermal/acoustic insulation in small enclosed spaces. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1942-1946 (documented service); disposal window undated
- Population
- Sullivan yard construction trades (1942-43); USN crew 1943-46; any disposal/scrapping workers (date and yard undocumented)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PC-1231. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-07
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[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed Navy efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure (fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards), covering 'the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities.' The Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for necessary repairs, modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - confirming extensive asbestos insulation use aboard Navy ships through the era spanning this hull's construction and service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979 (review); Navy policy era 1975-79
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Fieldwork yards were naval shipyards, not this hull's commercial builder. Full text not retrieved this session - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-03); content via the GAO product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-08
-
[10]NARA, U.S. Navy Muster Rolls guidance page + RG 24 series 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (NAID 594996, 1939-1949); WWII-era rolls digitized via the Ancestry partnership ('U.S. World War II Navy Muster Rolls, 1938-1949') [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov muster-rolls guidance; series NAID 594996; comparable file unit NAID 192146823 (PC-1234)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The authoritative population roster for this hull exists in the RG 24 muster-roll series covering 1939-1949 - quarterly rolls name every officer and enlisted man aboard by reporting date. Sister-hull file units are confirmed in the digitized catalog (e.g., PC-1234, NAID 192146823, '6/21/43-5/2/44', 110 images); a PC-1231 file unit spanning her July 1943 - June 1946 commission should exist in the same microfilm sequence but was not located in the digitized catalog this session.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- All hands aboard PC-1231/PCC-1231, 1943-07-13 to 1946-06-28 (design complement 65)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the catalog is JS-rendered and its API returns SPA markup from this network - the PC-1231 file unit's NAID is unverified, not confirmed present. Muster rolls document who was aboard, not what materials were aboard or what any individual was exposed to.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-09
-
[11]Batch-7727 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry - NavSource so states; candidate URLs 404); NavSource (live); HyperWar ship list; Shipbuilding History Sullivan yard + navalmarinearchive mirror; NVR (no entry - pre-1987 disposal); uboat.net; NARA catalog (JS-rendered); PC-461 class article; ww2pcsa.org; BGSU HCGL; GAO product page (403); secondary web litigation sweep; CourtListener (BLOCKED) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-tipton-pc1231-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS PC-1231/PCC-1231/Tipton was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No DANFS entry exists for this hull. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated helper hit 429 with a ~6,300-second server-requested wait at session start (a multi-hour wait = fleet daily quota spent under batch rules; sibling batch sessions hit the same condition today); logged as blocked, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only marketing-page 'Tipton' hit names the other hull (AK-215) in a listicle - excluded source class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (quota-blocked, not run) - rerun the four base queries ('USS Tipton' and 'PC-1231', opinion and docket) when quota resets. No disposal/scrapping hazmat pathway was documented because the disposition itself is undocumented. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-tipton-pc1231-10