Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]research packet 1098-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-woban-yt138-pkt-1098-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Woban (YT-138) - NHHC ship history entry (name origin, construction, district assignments, reclassifications, disposal) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC DANFS Woban entry, service narrative and spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'Woban' is a Natick Indian word meaning 'wind.' Woban (YT-138) was laid down 25 September 1939 at Bremerton, Wash., by the Puget Sound Navy Yard; launched 6 November 1939; completed 14 February 1940. Assigned to the 13th Naval District on completion, she operated out of the Puget Sound Navy Yard performing local tug and tow services for ships of the Pacific Fleet well into World War II; by the end of hostilities she had been assigned to the 17th Naval District and operated in Alaskan waters until March 1946, then returned to the 13th Naval District. She was reclassified a large harbor tug, YTB-138, on 15 May 1944; conducted harbor operations out of Puget Sound through the end of the 1940s; was reassigned to the 17th Naval District by 1953; and later operated out of San Diego on district tug and tow services in the 11th Naval District for the remainder of her career. Reclassified medium harbor tug YTM-138 in February 1962; taken out of service in early 1967; struck from the Navy list 1 February 1967; and sold soon thereafter. Spec block: dp. 325 (f.); l. 100'0"; b. 25'0"; dr. 11'5" (max.); s. 13 k.; cpl. 11; a. 2 .50-cal. mg.; cl. Woban.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1939-1967
- Population
- Puget Sound Navy Yard construction trades (1939-40); crew and district-craft population (1940-67)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; contains no asbestos or material content. DANFS says 'completed' 14 February 1940 where NavSource says 'placed in service' the same date - terminology differs, date identical. The DANFS entry ends at the 1967 sale; the post-sale commercial career (tug Guide) is not covered. Live page verified 2026-10-05 via browser-path render (scripted curl fetch returns WAF 404 - see search_ledger).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, Woban (YTM-138) ex Woban (YTB-138) ex Woban (YT-138) - designation timeline, specifications, awards display, disposal, and post-sale commercial-service photo caption [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14/08138.htm header block, specifications block, awards display, and Commercial Service photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 25 September 1939 at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, WA; launched 6 November 1939; placed in service 14 February 1940 in the 13th Naval District as Woban (YT-138); reclassified District Harbor Tug, Large, YTB-138, 15 May 1944; reclassified District Harbor Tug, Medium, YTM-138, February 1962; placed out of service early 1967; struck from the Naval Register 1 February 1967; sold 1967, owner unknown; final disposition, fate unknown. Specifications: displacement 325 t. (fl); length 100'; beam 25'; draft 9'7"; speed 13 kts.; complement 11; armament two .50-cal machine guns; propulsion one diesel-electric engine, single propeller, 1,000 shp. Awards display: American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, National Defense Service Medal. Photo captions document Woban (YTB-138) underway circa 1944-62 (US Navy photo via US Navy Memorial) and the ex-Woban (YTM-138) in commercial service as the tug Guide (date and location unknown; photo via National Association of Fleet Tug Sailors).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1939-1967 (Navy); post-1967 (commercial documentation)
- Population
- Puget Sound Navy Yard construction trades (1939-40); crew (1940-67); commercial crew of ex-Woban/Guide (post-1967)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates agree with DANFS where they overlap (laid down, launched, 1940 service entry, 1944 and 1962 reclassifications, out-of-service/stricken/sold). Draft figure 9'7" conflicts with DANFS's 11'5" (max.) - see gaps. 'Owner unknown / fate unknown' and the later commercial-service photograph as Guide coexist on the same page. Contains no asbestos content. Verified live 2026-10-05 via browser-path render; scripted curl fetch returns ModSecurity 406.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-02
-
[4]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Tim Colton), 'Yard Tugs (YT, YTB, YTM, YTL) Built or Acquired During WWII' - YT-138 table row and class reclassification notes [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/yt2.htm, YT-138 row and explanatory notes
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent corroboration for this hull: yard-tug table lists YT-138 Woban, built by Puget Sound NSY, Bremerton WA, for US Navy, LDT 260, built 1940, disposition 'Sold 1967' - consistent with DANFS and NavSource on builder, completion year, and sale year. The page's class note documents the 1944-era reclassification scheme: YTBs >800 hp, YTMs <800 but >400 hp, YTLs <400 hp - Woban's 1,000-shp plant is consistent with her YTB (large) then YTM (medium) reclassifications.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1939-1967
- Limitations
- Secondary reference compilation (author Tim Colton, page updated 2011), not a primary registry - used as corroboration only; all carried facts agree with DANFS/NavSource. LDT 260 is light-displacement tonnage vs NavSource's 325 t. full-load figure - different bases, not a conflict. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-03
-
[5]Era inference built on: DANFS spec block and NavSource specifications (diesel-electric Woban-class district harbor tug, built 1939-40); shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos product list for puget-sound-naval-shipyard (thermal insulation, gaskets, electrical systems, deck tiles, fireproofing materials, asbestos refractory materials); peer-reviewed PSNSY exposure documentation (ev-05, ev-06) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block; NavSource specifications; shipyards.json product list for puget-sound-naval-shipyard
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-electric district harbor tug built 1939-40 at Puget Sound Navy Yard sits inside that yard's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a harbor tug of this type and period were machinery and exhaust insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and fireproofing materials in a small confined hull. As a diesel-electric craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and her harbor-service profile (short harbor transits, small crew of 11) bounds but does not eliminate the era-exposure pathway for crew and maintenance trades.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1939-1967+
- Population
- PSNY construction trades (1939-40); crew (1940-67); yard/base trades at Puget Sound, Alaska (17th ND), and San Diego (11th ND) availabilities; commercial crew/shipyard workers post-1967
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or exposure measurement located for YT-138/YTB-138/YTM-138. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-04
-
[6]Hollins DM, Paustenbach DJ, Clark K, Mangold CA, 'A visual historical review of exposure to asbestos at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (1962-1972),' J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 12(2):124-56 (2009), PMID 19235622 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PMID 19235622 (abstract via NCBI efetch); J Toxicol Environ Health B 12(2):124-56
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed documentation of asbestos exposure conditions at this hull's builder and long-time homeport: a majority of the photographs in this review depict work conditions at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard circa 1940-1965 - the window covering Woban's 1939-40 construction and her Bremerton homeport era - presented as representative of military shipyards of the time. The authors describe very high airborne asbestos concentrations from direct and indirect exposure to raw fiber and insulation during approximately 1940-1970, associated with shipyard work during and after WWII and the Korean War and with decommissioning work continuing into the mid-1970s.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-1965 depicted; review published 2009
- Population
- Puget Sound Naval Shipyard trades and workforce, circa 1940-1965 (photographic record)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record - Woban is not named and no finding is specific to district craft. Two co-authors had consulting relationships with industry defendants and one (Mangold) was the yard's original 1970 investigator - documented in the yard dataset; the review surveys existing measurements and photographs rather than presenting new epidemiology. PubMed page is reCAPTCHA-gated to automated fetch; title, journal, and abstract verified via NCBI E-utilities (esummary/efetch) 2026-10-05. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, or quantity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-05
-
[7]Beckett RR, 'Asbestos exposure control at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard,' Environ Res 11(2):248-60 (1976), PMID 1065583; underlying shipyard study Mangold/Beckett/Bessmer 1970, DTIC AD0715808 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PMID 1065583 (title/citation via NCBI esummary, no abstract indexed); DTIC AD0715808 (https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0715808 - 403 to automated fetch); shipyards.json puget-sound-naval-shipyard ev-01/-02/-03/-04
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed documentation of asbestos exposure and its control at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, the yard that built this hull (1939-40) and served as her operating base for much of her career. Per the yard dataset's summary of the underlying internal shipyard study (DTIC AD0715808, 1970): pulmonary abnormalities in 21% of pipe coverers and insulators among ~7,000 employees; 40-150 fibers/cc measured during rip-out operations; mesothelioma mortality increased ~4-fold with moderate exposure; materials included preformed magnesia block insulation (~15% asbestos), asbestos cements, and asbestos cloth in ship overhaul, rip-out, and installation work.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1970 study; 1976 publication; exposure windows reported from the wartime era
- Population
- PSNSY trades - pipe coverers, insulators, boilermakers, shipfitters, machinists, welders (exposure windows reported through the WWII era and postwar period)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record - Woban is not named. The 1970 study and 1976 paper postdate this hull's construction and describe ship overhaul/repair workforces rather than district harbor craft specifically; they anchor the construction-era and availability-visit pathway, not continuous aboard-ship exposure. DTIC citation URL returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (confirmed 2026-10-05) - underlying study described via shipyards.json entry for puget-sound-naval-shipyard. PubMed verified via NCBI E-utilities 2026-10-05. Does not establish materials aboard this hull or individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1939-40) and Navy service era (1940-67).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - standing limitation since Batch 01; product-page description used).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-07
-
[9]Batch-9303 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (live); NavSource (live); shipbuildinghistory.com yard-tug table; NVR ship-detail (no record); NCBI E-utilities PMID verification; DTIC (blocked 403); GAO product page (blocked 403); NARA catalog (JS-rendered); CourtListener authenticated API v4 name/hull queries; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-woban-yt138-01 through -16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming Woban (YT-138/YTB-138/YTM-138) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener completed all four base queries plus both authorized variants: 'Woban' opinion count=1 (name collision - 'Woban Projects' in Laskey v. S.D. Warren, 2001 ME 103, a Maine workers'-comp examiner-conflict opinion), 'Woban' docket count=8 (all name collisions incl. 'Shenzhen Wobangyi Maoyi...d/b/a Wobane'; unrelated bankruptcy/prisoner dockets), 'YT-138' opinion count=115 and docket count=7,390 (generic token collisions - exhibit, page, and docket-number fragments; none of the 20 returned items per query names the vessel). Asbestos-qualified variants on the overflowed YT-138 queries returned count=8 opinions (spot-verified: premises steam-tunnel and contract-boilerplate cases, not the vessel) and count=918 dockets (asbestos MDL/bankruptcy dockets with coincidental '138' fragments; zero vessel-related captions).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - this hull's 1940 construction and 27-year service sit squarely inside the documented Navy asbestos era, and her small unglamorous district-craft status plausibly explains the thin public record. CourtListener full-text indexes do not cover every jurisdiction or era; a case naming the hull could exist outside indexed coverage. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-woban-yt138-08