Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 963-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: USS PCS-1409 → **MISMATCH (RE-SCOPE signal: real identity YMS-456)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-yms-456-pkt-963-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, YMS-456 ex-PCS-1409 - designation timeline, specifications, lend-lease transfer, Soviet service and disposal (live, verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- YMS-456 archive page, 'PCS-1376 Class Patrol Craft Sweeper/YMS-1 Class Auxiliary Motor Minesweeper' chronology and specification block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 4 October 1943 as patrol craft sweeper PCS-1409 by the Greenport Basin and Construction Co., Greenport NY; reclassified auxiliary motor minesweeper YMS-456 on 26 September 1943; launched 11 December 1943; completed 21 August 1944; transferred to the Soviet Union under lend lease 16 May 1945 and reclassified T-191; assigned to the Black Sea Fleet 4 August 1945; placed out of service 7 April 1956 and laid up; scrapped 28 January 1958. Page states 'There is no DANFS history available for YMS-456' and that the vessel 'served the Navies of the United States and the Soviet Union.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1958
- Population
- Wartime crew (33 per spec block - unverified); Soviet crew as T-191 (1945-1956)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation, not a primary source; individual facts are corroborated where possible but the Soviet-service detail (T-191 designation, Black Sea Fleet assignment, 1956 out-of-service date, 1958 scrapping) rests on secondary compilations only. One-day variance with the batch scope note on the reclassification date (NavSource 26 Sep 1943 vs scope 27 Sep 1943) is carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-01
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, NH 85465 USS YMS-456 (live page, verified 2026-10-04) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC NH-series catalog page, Title/Caption/Description/Catalog # NH 85465
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC catalogs image NH 85465 as 'USS YMS-456', captioned 'World War II photo', courtesy of Donald M. McPherson, 1977, image date range 1939-1945. The official photo catalog confirms the hull's identity under the YMS-456 designation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1939-1945 (image dating)
- Limitations
- A catalog record of a photograph, not a service chronology; establishes identity and wartime-period existence only. No service narrative, crew data, or asbestos information. No DANFS narrative entry exists for this hull (NavSource states none is available).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-02
-
[4]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List #44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units - by Ship Numbers (PDF, verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PDF page 122, 'Special List #44, by Ship Numbers' - entry YMS-456 (8/22/1944-5/16/1945)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA indexes YMS-456 deck-log coverage for 22 August 1944 through 16 May 1945. The span begins the day after the NavSource-documented completion date (21 August 1944) and ends on the NavSource-documented Soviet-transfer date (16 May 1945) - an independently consistent U.S.-service window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1944-08-22 to 1945-05-16
- Population
- U.S. Navy crew generating deck logs, 1944-08-22 to 1945-05-16
- Limitations
- This is an archival coverage index, not the deck logs themselves; the underlying logs were not reviewed. Coverage dates do not by themselves establish commissioning, operations, crew complement, or asbestos exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-03
-
[5]Naval War College Archives, NWC collection of photographs MSC-385, Series I, Sub-Series D, 'Vessels: Y-Z, circa 1898-1944' listing - Item 100.9768, USS YMS-456, 1943 Sep 26 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NWC Archives 'Vessels: Y-Z' component listing (archival_objects/255712): Item 100.9768; also indexed under top_containers/9098 p.6, Box 43 Folder 2
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Naval War College Archives catalogs a photograph captioned 'USS YMS-456' (Item 100.9768, Box 43, Folder 2; '3.5x5.5 black and white photo of the USS YMS-456, 26 Sept 1943') and dates it 26 September 1943 - consistent with NavSource's reclassification date (26 Sep 1943) and supporting that the YMS-456 designation was in use by that date, before the hull was laid down on 4 October 1943. This is consistent with the supplied scope correction that the vessel was redesignated before commissioning and never served as PCS-1409.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-09-26
- Limitations
- Verified via the archive's public search index; direct page fetch was Cloudflare-challenged during this session. The cataloged image date (26 Sep 1943) precedes the NavSource-documented keel-laying (4 Oct 1943), so the photograph cannot depict this completed hull - it is likely a type or sister-ship image filed under the designation, or the date records designation/cataloging rather than image capture. A cataloged photograph is not a redesignation order.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-04
-
[6]shipbuildinghistory.com (Tim Colton), Greenport Basin & Construction Co., Greenport NY yard table - build/delivery record for the Greenport PCS production run (live, verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Greenport Basin & Construction Co. table, row between PCS 1408 and PCS 1410 entries
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Greenport yard table carries this hull's row (printed in-table as 'PCS 1419', in sequence between PCS 1408 and PCS 1410): 'US Navy | Sub Chaser | 278d | 136 | 21-Aug-44 | Completed as YMS 456, to the USSR 1945 as T-191, scrapped 1958' - corroborating the Greenport builder, the 21 August 1944 completion/delivery, the YMS-456 designation, the 1945 Soviet transfer as T-191, and the 1958 scrapping.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- Construction trades, Greenport NY, 1943-44
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation. The printed hull number 'PCS 1419' is evaluated as a typographical error for PCS-1409 - the row's completion date and T-191 disposition match NavSource and navypedia for YMS-456 ex-PCS-1409, and a distinct PCS-1419 belongs to a different contract block. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-05
-
[7]navypedia, 'PCS submarine-chasers (PCS1376) (1943-1945)' class page - per-hull build table (live, verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PCS-1376 class table, PCS1409 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- navypedia's per-hull table lists 'PCS1409 | Greenport Basin | 10.1943 | 11.12.1943 | 8.1944 | commissioned as minesweeper YMS456' - i.e., builder Greenport Basin, laid down October 1943, launched 11 December 1943, completed August 1944, commissioned as minesweeper YMS-456.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation; confirms builder and month-level dates agreeing with NavSource (laid down Oct 1943, launched 11 Dec 1943, completed Aug 1944). Carries no Soviet-service or asbestos detail for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-06
-
[8]Richard A. Russell, 'Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan' (Naval Historical Center, 1997 - mirrored text at generalstaff.org, verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Project_HULA.htm - program narrative and appendix transfer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Naval Historical Center's published history documents that the U.S. planned transfer of 180 vessels at Cold Bay, Alaska under Project Hula, including 36 wooden-hulled motor minesweepers (YMS), and that 149 ships were transferred to the Soviet navy in 142 days (May-September 1945). The appendix transfer table lists Cold Bay YMS hulls under Soviet designations T-521 through T-611; YMS-456 does not appear in that table - the NavSource-documented 16 May 1945 transfer as T-191, a Black Sea Fleet assignment, is consistent with the lend-lease program era but is not confirmed as a Cold Bay/Project Hula transfer by this source.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Soviet and American personnel in the 1945 lend-lease transfer program (class context)
- Limitations
- Program-level official history; does not name this hull. Absence from Russell's Cold Bay appendix means the transfer mechanism/route for YMS-456 is unconfirmed - it may have gone by a different lend-lease route (the T-1xx Soviet number block and Black Sea Fleet assignment differ from the T-5xx/6xx Cold Bay Pacific-Fleet boats). Mirrored full text; original NHHC publication data verified in the document header.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product page [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's construction era (1943-44) and U.S. service period (1944-45).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (construction and U.S. service window)
- Population
- Navy ship construction and repair workforce, WWII era (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch - standing restriction noted in BATCH-01); the product-page description was used. Does not establish that any asbestos-containing material was installed aboard this wooden-hulled diesel sweeper.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource specification block (two GM 8-268A diesels, two shafts - diesel plant, no steam); PCS-1376/YMS-1-class wooden-hull design as class-level documentation (same hull type as documented for sister PCS-1383 record); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (ev-uss-yms-456-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Built on cited class/era sources; no separate URL
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A wooden-hulled, diesel-powered 136-ft auxiliary motor minesweeper built 1943-44 for the U.S. Navy sits inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era but at the low end of its material intensity: no boilers, no steam piping, no turbine lagging. Era-standard diesel-craft applications for the type include engine and exhaust lagging, machinery gaskets and valve packing, electrical/wiring insulation, and interior joiner/deck materials. This inference describes where asbestos would have been used aboard a boat of this type and period if present; it does not establish that asbestos was installed on this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1956
- Population
- Construction trades (Greenport NY, 1943-44); U.S. Navy crew 1944-45; Soviet crew 1945-56
- Limitations
- Design/era inference, not a hull record - no ship-specific survey, inventory, or abatement document was located. Does not establish presence, quantity, condition, or any individual exposure aboard YMS-456.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-09
-
[11]Batch-8327 search ledger (this record): CourtListener authenticated v4 search via fleet helper - 4 base queries (exact-name opinion, exact-name docket, hull-number opinion, hull-number docket); NARA Special List 44; NHHC image catalog; NWC Archives photo catalog; NavSource; shipbuildinghistory; navypedia; NVR; Russell/NHC Project Hula history [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-yms-456-01 through sl-uss-yms-456-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS YMS-456, YMS-456, or PCS-1409 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener: 'USS YMS-456' opinion returned 0 results; 'USS YMS-456' docket returned 556 results, 'YMS-456' opinion 50, 'YMS-456' docket 3,208 - all first pages (20 results each) reviewed and classified as token/name collisions with zero vessel mentions (e.g., 'Teamsters Local 456 Pension Fund', Guzman-Loera criminal dockets).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 2026-10-04
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built inside the documented Navy asbestos era. The CourtListener sweep is a bounded negative within index scope: all four base queries ran, but only the returned 20-result windows were classified (total index counts were larger); unpublished, settled, or differently-captioned claims cannot be excluded.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yms-456-10