Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]Research Planning Inc. (with T&T Salvage, GEL Laboratories, JMT), 'USS Yorktown Remediation Plan Final,' submitted to the South Carolina Office of Resilience, 19 July 2023 (field study November 2022, under SC Executive Order 2022-20) [other_primary]
- Locator
- RPI report sections 2.7.4 (asbestos survey results), 4.2.1/4.3.1, 4.5.1 (prior inspections and vent-shaft controls), Table 4-1 (results of asbestos testing); S.C. Executive Order 2022-20 (2022-07-11)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- State-commissioned environmental assessment (39 bulk samples; field study November 2022; report July 2023) documented asbestos-containing materials aboard this hull: 9x9-inch floor tiles and associated mastic tested ACM (>1%); pipe insulation and electrical (armored) wire insulation classified presumed-ACM (PACM) in the results table - while narrative sections state asbestos 'was detected' in electrical wiring insulation and that prior laboratory analysis confirmed 'the vast majority of thermal system pipe insulation' as asbestos-containing, so all pipe insulation aboard is categorized and handled as ACM. Recorded damaged extents: approximately 8,000 sq ft of damaged 9x9-inch tile (damaged portion only, not total tile area), 109 locations of damaged or degraded pipe insulation, 12 locations of damaged machinery lagging, and 225 locations of damaged armored wire cable. Piping and machinery lagging exist throughout the vessel; most overhead piping on all decks below the flight deck is insulated and presumed ACM; uptake and exhaust-air-vent-shaft spaces are posted, locked, and controlled due to ACM (the vent shafts are the only spaces requiring supplied-air respirators). Tested negative: 12x12-inch floor tiles and mastic, wall and ceiling board, textured paint, ceiling tiles, and a dust sample. The report notes the Navy made the ship available to South Carolina 'as is' and 'without warranty' in 1975, before modern deactivation procedures (S9086-BS-STM-010) existed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- Field study November 2022; report July 2023
- Population
- Museum maintenance staff and visitors (risk-assessment framing); abatement contractors
- Limitations
- Survey covered accessible areas and damaged extents only - reported quantities are damaged-material counts, not a complete ACM inventory. The results table's PACM rating for pipe/wire insulation reflects classification policy while narrative sections describe confirmed asbestos - the report treats all such insulation aboard as ACM under either reading. Documents conditions in 2022-23; does not establish wartime-era condition, individual exposure, or post-remediation ACM status in detail.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-01
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[2]Research Planning Inc. (with T&T Salvage), 'USS Yorktown Immediate Repairs Report,' 16 January 2024 - SC Office of Resilience project document [other_primary]
- Locator
- Immediate Repairs Report, executive narrative (asbestos abatement prerequisite to cleaning) and completion summary table (p. ~29: abatement spaces, waste figures, repair counts)
- Finding type
- abatement_record
- Finding
- RPI's Immediate Repairs Report documents Phase 1 work aboard this hull (August-December 2023): asbestos abatement 'was deemed necessary in certain machinery spaces before cleaning operations could be completed' and 'many of the piping systems in these spaces contained asbestos insulation that had to be abated prior to completion of cleaning operations'; regulated asbestos-containing materials were removed and disposed of by a subcontracted abatement team. Completion table: 3 spaces underwent asbestos abatement; 4.5 tons of asbestos waste disposed of; 568,800 gallons of oily water disposed of; 8.88 tons of solid waste removed; approximately 35 external repairs applied to the hull and 2 repairs to bulkheads; 90,260 gallons of fresh water transferred internally; 26 tanks isolated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- August-December 2023; report January 2024
- Population
- Abatement subcontractor team; salvage/dewatering crews (HEPACO subcontracted by T&T)
- Limitations
- Documents the immediate-repairs phase only; asbestos abatement scope is described qualitatively (machinery spaces, piping insulation) with only the 4.5-ton waste figure and 3-space count quantified - no itemized ACM inventory removed is given. Does not document exposure to any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-02
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[3]South Carolina Office of Resilience, USS Yorktown Environmental Assessment & Remediation project record; Phase 2 agency briefing (2024-09-04); completion announced by Gov. McMaster 2025-11-12 (Post and Courier) [other_primary]
- Locator
- scor.sc.gov/ussyorktown project page (completion totals, project documents); 'USS Yorktown Agency Phase 2' briefing PDF (2024-09-04, asbestos results and O&M plan); postandcourier.com 2025-11-12 completion report
- Finding type
- abatement_record
- Finding
- State project record for the USS Yorktown Environmental Assessment & Remediation under Governor McMaster's Executive Order 2022-20 (issued 2022-07-11): Phase 2 ship-wide remediation (HEPACO LLC, construction contract December 2024) began 2025-02-24; the state announced project completion on 2025-11-12 with totals of 'Over 1.6 million gallons of contaminated water and heavy fuel' removed and 'over 9 tons of asbestos' abated. The Phase 2 agency briefing (2024-09-04) listed 9x9-inch floor tiles, armored cable wiring, and pipe insulation as tested-positive asbestos categories, identified no areas requiring asbestos remediation in public areas, prescribed an asbestos Operations & Management plan with periodic air monitoring, and notes Patriots Point staff routinely repair damaged areas using certified abatement contractors.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2022-2025
- Population
- Abatement contractors (HEPACO); museum staff/volunteers (O&M plan)
- Limitations
- State-reported aggregate figures; the public record does not itemize which ACM categories or locations were removed versus remain under the O&M plan. The 'over 9 tons' total combines the Phase 1 figure (4.5 tons, ev-02) with Phase 2 quantities. Does not document exposure to any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-03
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[4]Conner v. Alfa Laval, Inc., 842 F. Supp. 2d 791 (E.D. Pa. 2012) (MDL-875; Robreno, J.) [court_record]
- Locator
- 842 F. Supp. 2d at 795 (Yorktown/GE turbine allegations); 799 F. Supp. 2d at 459 (engine room/auxiliary room/fire room work)
- Finding type
- litigation_product_id
- Finding
- Published MDL-875 opinion records plaintiff's allegation that Robert Conner was exposed to asbestos products used with General Electric marine turbines while serving in the U.S. Navy from 1962 to 1971 aboard USS Yorktown: 'GE manufactured marine turbines that required exterior insulation, which likely would have contained asbestos, and that required asbestos-containing gaskets to seal the turbines to adjoining equipment and piping. In some instances, GE originally supplied gaskets to the Navy along with its turbines.' The companion 2011 opinion (799 F. Supp. 2d 455) places his work in the engine room, auxiliary room, and fire room - maintaining equipment, repairing pumps, removing and replacing gaskets, and fixing valves leaking at the stems.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- Service 1962-1971; opinions filed 2011-07-22 and 2012-02-01
- Population
- Navy machinist's mate aboard USS Yorktown, 1962-1971 service window; mesothelioma
- Limitations
- Allegation as recorded in summary-judgment opinions; the 2012 ruling applied the maritime-law component-parts doctrine - manufacturers were not liable for harm from third-party asbestos parts. Establishes the allegation of record and the turbine/gasket product theory, not adjudicated fact of exposure aboard this hull or causation. Opinion text verified 2026-09-15; citation re-verified via CourtListener API on 2026-09-19 (opinion web page fetch gated by anti-bot).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-04
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[5]DANFS, Yorktown IV (CV-10) - construction, yard periods, disposition (verbatim transcription; live NHHC page returned 404 across URL patterns on 2026-09-19) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block (cpl. 3,448; cl. Essex) and service narrative, 1945-1975 paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented exposure-relevant yard periods for this hull: Puget Sound Navy Yard two-month overhaul August-October 1945; minor repairs at Hunters Point Navy Yard October-November 1945; reactivation and SCB-27A conversion at Puget Sound (in commission in reserve 1952-12-15, full commission 1953-02-20); brief Hunters Point Naval Shipyard repair period March 1954; SCB-125 angled-deck conversion at Puget Sound (in reserve 1955-03-21, full commission 1955-10-14); Puget Sound overhaul and ASW conversion (CVS-10) September 1957-February 1958; four-month Puget Sound overhaul late September 1960-January 1961; Long Beach Naval Shipyard overhauls February-October 1967 and July-September 1968. Decommissioned Philadelphia 1970-06-27, stricken 1973-06-01, donation to Patriot's Point Development Authority approved 1974, towed from Bayonne to Charleston June 1975, dedicated as memorial 1975-10-13. Presidential Unit Citation and 11 battle stars (WWII); 5 battle stars (Vietnam, 1965-68); Apollo 8 recovery December 1968.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1945-1975
- Population
- Puget Sound NSY, Hunters Point, and Long Beach NSY trades; crew
- Limitations
- The yard periods and disposition are ship-specific and documented; the asbestos rip-out and re-insulation scope of each is inferred from era practice, not documented per-hull. Does not establish exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-05
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[6]National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form, USS Yorktown (CV-10), NRHP 82001519 (listed 1982-11-10; NHL designated 1986-01-14 per S.C. SHPO page) [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination Item 7 (power plant paragraph); S.C. SHPO property page for designation dates
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Essex-class carriers were built 1941-43 under peak-era Navy insulation specifications; the NRHP nomination documents this hull's machinery configuration - 'four Westinghouse main turbines in two engine rooms and eight Babcock and Wilcox boilers in four boiler rooms which, through double reduction gears, drove the four propeller shafts. Horsepower was 180,000 in 1943 and was reduced to 150,000 in 1953' - a high-pressure steam plant of the type that era specifications lagged and gasketed with asbestos materials (boiler/fireroom insulation, steam-line lagging, deck tile, bulkhead materials). The frame is consistent with the ship-specific ACM categories later confirmed by the 2022-23 state assessment (ev-01).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1943
- Population
- Construction trades (Newport News, 1941-43); crew across commission periods
- Limitations
- Names the class standard and this hull's documented machinery configuration; the nomination contains no insulation-material content - asbestos applications are era inference, not stated in this source. The specific ACM aboard is documented separately in ev-01; this row covers construction-era scope only - no original-era survey exists and quantities are unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-06
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[7]Patriots Point Naval & Maritime Museum, USS Yorktown (CV-10) ship page and museum fleet listings [museum_official]
- Locator
- patriotspoint.org USS Yorktown page (statistics block and history paragraphs) and site fleet navigation (USS Laffey)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Museum record: built in 'a record 16 1/2 months' at Newport News and commissioned 1943-04-15; 'The Fighting Lady' earned the Presidential Unit Citation and 11 WWII battle stars; re-designated CVS in 1957; 5 Vietnam battle stars (1965-68); recovered the Apollo 8 astronauts and capsule in December 1968; decommissioned 1970, towed from Bayonne, NJ to Charleston in 1975 as centerpiece of Patriots Point, where she is moored with destroyer USS Laffey (DD-724).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1975-present
- Population
- Museum staff, volunteers, visitors (contemporary)
- Limitations
- Museum historical summary consistent with DANFS; the 'record 16 1/2 months' construction figure is the museum's characterization (calendar math from DANFS dates is consistent but the 'record' superlative is unattributed). Contains no asbestos information - museum operations context only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-07
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[8]Batch-222 search ledger (this record): LOC pictures/HAER search; CourtListener API v4 ship-name and litigant queries; NVR ship-detail page; NHHC DANFS live-URL check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-yorktown-cv10-01 through sl-uss-yorktown-cv10-08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No service-era (Navy) insulation survey, hull-specific abatement contract, or HAER recordation located for this hull: the asbestos scope of the SCB-27A (1952-53), SCB-125 (1955), and CVS (1957-58) modernizations and of the 1945, 1960-61, 1967, and 1968 overhauls is not documented in the public record searched. Library of Congress picture/HAER search returns no recordation for CV-10 (the Essex-class HAER document wa0343 covers sister USS Hornet only). CourtListener qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull is limited to the Conner v. Alfa Laval MDL-875 opinions (ev-04); all other name hits are collisions or non-asbestos litigation. Naval Vessel Register ship-detail page for CVS-10 returns a navigation shell with no ship data rendered.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Absence of located records does not establish absence of asbestos scope in those yard periods - the survey-grade documentation in ev-01 through ev-03 exists precisely because the state, not the Navy, commissioned it after donation. The negative result bounds the Navy-era and litigation record only; CourtListener broad-name re-sweep was rate-limited this session (prior collision classification carried).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-yorktown-cv10-08